124,731 research outputs found
Bosworth C. Edmund (ed. & transl.), The Ornament of Histories. A History of the Eastern Islamic Lands AD 650-1041. The Persian Text of Abū Sa ʿīd ʿAbd al-Ḥayy Gardīzī. London, I. B. Tauris & BIPS (Persian Studies Series), 2011
No full textAllegranzi Viola. Bosworth C. Edmund (ed. & transl.), The Ornament of Histories. A History of the Eastern Islamic Lands AD 650-1041. The Persian Text of Abū Sa ʿīd ʿAbd al-Ḥayy Gardīzī. London, I. B. Tauris & BIPS (Persian Studies Series), 2011. In: Bulletin critique des annales islamologiques, n°28, 2013. pp. 140-141
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Impact of antibiotic changes in empirical therapy on antimicrobial resistance in intensive care unit-acquired infections.
No full textPragmatic Case Studies as a Source of Unity in Applied Psychology
No full textTo unify or not to unify applied psychology: that is the question. In this article we review pendulum swings in the historical efforts to answer this question—from a comprehensive, positivist, “top-down,” deductive yes between the 1930s and the early 60s, to a postmodern no since then. A rationale and proposal for a limited, “bottom-up,” inductive yes in applied psychology is then presented, employing a case-based paradigm that integrates both positivist and postmodern themes and components. This paradigm is labeled “pragmatic psychology” and, its specific use of case studies, the “Pragmatic Case Study Method” (“PCS Method”). We call for the creation of peer-reviewed journal-databases of pragmatic case studies as a foundational source of unifying applied knowledge in our discipline. As one example, the potential of the PCS Method for unifying different angles of theoretical regard is illustrated in an area of applied psychology, psychotherapy, via the case of Mrs. B. The article then turns to the broader historical and epistemological arguments for the unifying nature of the PCS Method in both applied and basic psychology.Peer reviewe
Pharmacokinetics (PK) and tissue penetration of vancomycin (V) in patients undergoing prosthetic mammary surgery
No full textVentilator-associated pneumonia in neuromuscular, tracheostomyzed patients
No full textLower-tract respiratory infections are common events in tracheostomyzed mechanically ventilated patients leading to a 10-fold increase in mortality rate particularly in those patients with severely compromized clinical conditions [1]. Our study aimed to assess epidemiology and risk factors for colonization of respiratory tract and development of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in home-living, tracheostomyzed and mechanically ventilated patients with neuromuscular disease.
Design
A retrospective study.
Setting
An ICU ambulatorial service for neuromuscular disease.
Patients
Data of 27 patients (20 male) that underwent a routine visit every 6 months, collected from 1995 until 2003, were analyzed. Thirteen had amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and one spinal muscular atrophy (ALS-like group); seven had Duchenne's dystrophy (DMP), two congenital dystrophy, three metabolic dystrophy and one supranuclear progressive paralysis (DMP-like group).
The median age was 54 years (interquartile range, 31–63). The median mechanical ventilation period (MVP) was 71 months (30–120).
Thirteen patients had severe dysphagy and ineffective cough reflex, 12 of them were alimentated by percutaneous enteral gastrostomy and one by nasal-gastric tube, ALS-like patients were more frequently dysphagic than DMP-like patients (P < 0.01).
Low respiratory tract infections (LRTI) were defined in the presence of cough or an abnormal increase of bronchial secretions, with or without fever that required antibiotic therapy; pneumonia was defined as LRTI with a new pulmonary infiltrate at thorax radiography [2].
Measurements and main results
VAP incidence was 52 episodes for 100 patients per year of MVP. The median MVP was lower in dysphagic patients (33 months [20.75–70.50]) than in non-dysphagic patients (120 months [80–156]) (P < 0.01) and in ALS-like patients (33 months [24–73]) than in the DMP-like group of patients (96 months [69.5–144]).
Dysphagic patients had an higher colonization incidence (Ci) (P = 0.01), LTRI incidence (LTRIi) (P = not significant), and VAP incidence (VAPi) (P = 0.02) than nondysphagic patients, per month of mechanical ventilation.
ALS-like patients had a higher Ci and VAPi than DMP-like patients (P = not significant).
Bivariate analysis shown a positive correlation between Ci and LTRIi and VAPi (P < 0.01 for both). MVP was negatively correlated with Ci (P < 0.01) and VAPi, although the P value was 0.06. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most isolated bacteria in colonization (48%), LTRI (45%) and VAP (52%) episodes.
Conclusion
VAP is a frequent event in our patients. Dysphagic patients, although alimentated by gastrostomy, are more frequently colonized and this enhances the risk to develop VAP more than in nondysphagic patients. Patients ventilated for a long period seem to develop a natural defence from colonization. The longer the MVP, the less the patient is prone to be colonized and, likely, to develop VAP. The risk of developing VAP is no different in ALS-like and DMP-like disease although the dysphagy prevalence differs. A bigger sample is needed to definitively prove this
Pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of vancomycin in patients undergoing prosthetic mammary surgery
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