905 research outputs found
William Pulteney Alison : activist philanthropist and pioneer of social medicine
No full textThe thesis looks in detail at three inter-related aspects of
Alison's life. It examines, firstly, his role in the development
of Edinburgh's rudimentary 'health' network, achieved through the
expansion of the existing medical charity structure and the
introduction of a more interventionist and coordinated approach to
the city's health problems. It traces, secondly, the development
of Alison's social thought - in 1820 he believed that medical and
practical relief for the poor could and should be supplied through
the voluntary charities and only when that proved unsatisfactory
through the poor law, whereas by 1840 he argued that public health
should be the responsibility of government and that the excessive
increase in poverty and disease in Scotland, which he believed had
occurred, was proof that the charitable and legal relief provided
was inadequate. Finally, Alison's influence on the passage of
Scottish poor law and public health legislation in the 1840s and
1850s is examined - the latter involving an assessment of how far
he was responsible for the legislative delay. The poor law debate,
1840-1845, which reveals the forces shaping the reform and the
prevailing attitudes to poverty, highlights the challenge which
Alison's opinions represented and the resulting turmoil in Scottish
social thinking, while his reasons for opposing health legislation,
which established London control are of great importance. They
reveal differences in the rationale behind, and way in which, the
concept of public health was developed in Scotland and England.
Unlike Chadwick and his supporters, Alison emphasised poverty
amelioration and sanitary reform. Part of the explanation for the
differing opinions lay in their respective miasmatic and
contagionist theories for fever generation, but it also reflects,
perhaps more significantly, the impact of European medical police
ideas on Scottish medical opinion - Alison's view of public health
closely resembled that of the French hygienists
SRUC Barony Campus on-line student newsletter
No full textAli Hastie (Learning Technologist) and Alison Halliday (Student Support Services Officer) were looking for a unique vehicle for students to share their experiences of college life. They decided to develop an online Student Newsletter. The Barony Campus Newsletter first went online in December 2012 and is published monthly.
Hypoaspis muellerae Halliday 2005
No full textHypoaspis muellerae Halliday, 2005 (Figs 38–45) Hypoaspis muellerae Halliday, 2005: 32. Specimens examined. Five paratypes (ANIC 51-002833 – 51-002837) were examined by the first author from Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra (Australia), and each microslide containing one female labelled as: Hypoaspis muellerae Halliday, South Africa, Plettenberg Bay, 18 August 1994, Roadside picnic area, TK. Qin coll., Clover, cape weed, site 30–13. Halliday (2005) described Hypoaspis muellerae from Plettenberg Bay, South Africa. We have re-examined the paratypes of this species, and now take the opportunity to make some additions to the original description. In the description of this species (Halliday, 2005, Fig. 17) setae st4 are obviously present but that was an error, and in all the specimens we examined setae st4 were absent (Figs 39 & 41). The description did not mention the location of iv3, but they are located on the posterolateral angles of the sternal shield in all the specimens we examined (Fig. 41). This species shows some significant morphological character states typical of Laelaspisella: (1) dorsal shield hypertrichous and with at least 11–13 non-secretory slit-like lyrifissures (Figs 38 & 40); (2) metasternal setae st4 absent (Figs 39 & 41); (3) genitiventral shield large, broad and rounded posteriorly (Fig. 39); (4) iv3 located on posterolateral angles of sternal shield (Fig. 41); (5) internal malae densely fringed and with elongate threads (Fig. 42); (6) lateral margin of epistome smooth and anteriorly mucronated (Fig. 43); (7) palp tarsal claw with two tines (Fig. 44). However, it differs from the original concept of Laelaspisella as described by Marais & Loots (1969), because the dorsal cheliceral seta is present (Fig. 45).Published as part of Joharchi, Omid, Ramroodi, Sara & Halliday, Bruce, 2020, Review of the genus Pogonolaelaps Nemati & Gwiazdowicz (Acari: Laelapidae) with description of a new species from Iran, pp. 465-484 in Zootaxa 4820 (3) on pages 477-481, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4820.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/439805
Carotid disease. Clinical and morphological insights
No full texttHIS BOOK IS THE RESULT OF THE WORK OF MANY OF THE MOST RENOWNED EXPERTS IN THE FIELD, IN AN EFFORT TO SUMMARZE AND ASSESS THE CONTEMPORARY KNOWLEDGE ON THE PATHOLOGY
Book review: travelling westwards with closed minds
No full textFred Halliday reviews an historical study of Muslim approached to Europe and questions some of its conclusions [author reviews: Bernard Lewis, "The Muslim discovery of Europe"]
Data collection from very low birthweight infants in a geographical region: Methods, costs, and trends in mortality, admission rates, and resource utilisation over a five-year period
No full textAims: 1. To determine the survival and morbidity of infants at discharge with a birthweight of less than 1500 g in the geographically defined population of East Anglia. 2. To demonstrate a cost-effective method of regional data collection. 3. To determine whether there were any changes in the demand for neonatal care. Study design and subjects: A prospective cohort analysis using a single database to collect data on 1244 very low birthweight infants from eight neonatal units in one Region from 1993 to 1997. Results: Estimated ascertainment of VLBW infants to the study was 96%. Over the 5 years survival rates were stable (75-79%). 52% of deaths in infants admitted for neonatal care occurred on day 1, with just 15% of deaths occurring after 28 days of life. Mortality risk significantly decreased with increasing gestational age at birth. Compared to 22-25-week old infants, the mortality risk decreased by 65% for 26-27-week old infants (OR 0.35 95% CI (0.21, 0.59)) and by 92% for 32-39-week old infants (OR 0.08 95% CI (0.03, 0.21)) with intermediate odds ratios of 0.22 (0.12, 0.42) and 0.13 (0.06, 0.28) for the 28-29 and 30-39 weeks gestation, respectively. Higher birthweight, after adjusting for gestation also decreased the mortality risk (OR 0.78 per 100 g difference, 95% CI (0.71, 0.86)). No change was seen in the number of extremely preterm infants admitted for intensive care or resource utilisation, although a significant increase was seen in the number of infants dying in delivery rooms. There was a reduction in the reported incidence of pulmonary interstitial emphysema (10-4%) but no change in the number of ventilation days or the rate of chronic lung disease. The mean maternal age increased from 27.7 years to 28.9 years during the study. Maternal steroid administration increased (30% to 59%) and was associated with a decreased risk of mortality (OR 0.44, 95% CI: 0.31-0.62). Conclusions: It is possible to collect useful data from the neonatal period at a reasonable cost from a geographically defined population. This information was used for informing clinicians, counselling parents and in the era of managed clinical networks will be useful in guiding the provision of effective health care resources.</p
Outcome at 2 years for very low birthweight infants in a geographical population: Risk factors, cost, and impact of congenital anomalies
No full textAim: To determine the type and rate of disability at 2 years of age in infants born in the geographically defined population of East Anglia with a birthweight less than 1500 g and to assess the risk factors for disability. Study design: A prospective cohort analysis from all eight neonatal units in East Anglia from 1993-1997 using a single database. Methods: Local paediatricians assessed children at 2 years using the Health Status Questionnaire and data collection was centrally coordinated. Results: Outcomes for 947 children, 99% of survivors, were available, 74 (7.8%) had severe disability and this was significantly associated with gestational age (p < 0.0005), birthweight (p < 0.0005) and sex (p = 0.046). Major congenital abnormality contributed 27% of all severe disability. The overall cerebral palsy rate was 6.2%, nine children were blind and five had sensorineural hearing loss requiring aids. These children had a high level of use of community services with 19% of the cohort being referred to one or more community service. ELBW infants or those born < 30 weeks gestation were 1.5 times and twice as likely to have moderate or severe disability and 2.3 and 5.4 times as likely to have cerebral palsy as those weighing 1000 to 1500 g or > 30 weeks gestation. Boys were at higher risk of adverse outcome. Conclusions: The study was able to define the increased risk associated with being born at lower gestational age or lower birthweight and demonstrates successful ascertainment of outcomes for large local populations at a reasonable cost.</p
EDWARD ALLEN. Modernist Invention: Media Technology and American Poetry Edward Allen. Modernist Invention: Media Technology and American Poetry. Pp. xii + 282. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2020. Hardback, £75.
No full textThis is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in The Review of English Studies, following peer review. The version of record: Sam Halliday, EDWARD ALLEN. Modernist Invention: Media Technology and American Poetry, The Review of English Studies, hgaa100, https://doi.org/10.1093/res/hgaa100 is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1093/res/hgaa10
The Middle East in international relations: power, politics and ideology
No full textThe international relations of the Middle East have long been dominated by uncertainty and conflict. External intervention, interstate war, political upheaval and interethnic violence are compounded by the vagaries of oil prices and the claims of military nationalist and religious movements. Fred Halliday sets this region and its conflicts in context, providing on the one hand, a historical introduction to its character and problems, and, on the other, a reasoned analysis of its politics. In an engagement with both the study of the Middle East and the theoretical analysis of international relations, Halliday, one of the best known and most respected scholars writing on the region today, offers a compelling and original interpretation. Written in a clear, accessible and interactive style, the book is designed for students, policymakers, and the general reader. Fred Halliday is Professor of International Relations at the London School of Economics. He is the author and editor of several publications including Two Hours that Shook the World: September 11, 2001: Causes and Consequences (Tauris, 2002), Islam & the Myth of Confrontation (Tauris, 2002), The World at 2000: Perils and Promises (Macmillan, 2001), and Nation and Religion in the Middle East (Lynne Rienner, 2000)
Book review: shadows of the holy land - Fred Halliday reviews more chapters in a long saga
No full textAuthor reviews: Nicholas Bethell, "The Palestine triangle"; Nathan Weinstock, "Zionism: false Messiah"; Jacob Landau, "Abdul-Hamid's Palestine"; I.F. Stone, "Underground to Palestine"; Walid Kazzila, "Palestine in the Arab dilemma"; Molly Izzard, "The Gulf
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