1,720,963 research outputs found
Production and Comprehension of Morphosyntax among Children with and without Developmental Language Disorder who speak non-Mainstream American English dialects
No full textDevelopmental Language Disorder (DLD) affects 7-9% of children and results in difficulties with language comprehension and production, despite otherwise typical development (Bishop, et al., 2018). DLD, the most common type of specific language impairment, is often underidentified, with as many as 70% of school-age children with DLD not identified or receiving language services (Adlof et al., 2017; Tomblin et al., 1997). Diagnosis of DLD is particularly problematic among children who speak non-mainstream dialects of American English (NMAE), such as African American English (AAE), and both overidentification
(Seymour et al., 1998) and under-identification (Morgan et al., 2015) are common. Both types of misdiagnoses are problematic. Children who are over-identified utilize clinician resources and may receive less instructional time. Children who are under-identified do not receive necessary intervention services. This project addresses the persistent problem of misdiagnoses of language disorders in children from minority backgrounds
by examining comprehension and production of morphosyntax by school-age children who speak AAE
Use of non-mainstream features across contexts: changes across early elementary school
No full textDevelopmental Language Disorder (DLD) is one of the most common learning disorders
and affects between 7% and 9% of children (Tomblin, et al., 1997). DLD is often under-identified in children who speak a mainstream dialect, but both false-positives and false negatives are common in children who speak non-mainstream dialects, such as African
American English (AAE) (Green, 2011). This leads to a serious problem in potentially
misallocated resources (Green, 2011). Recent research suggests that diagnostic
accuracy can be improved if we compare language use to that of typically-developing
peers who speak the same dialect (Oetting & Newkirk, 2008; Oetting, 2018). This
Disorder within Diversity Framework requires an in-depth understanding of language use
by typically developing children as their language use is the benchmark for determining
whether children have DLD. There has been an increase in the number of studies on
NMAE, including research from diverse fields such as linguistics (e.g., Van Hofwegen &
Wolfram, 2010), education (e.g., Terry, Connor, Thomas-Tate, & Love), and
communication sciences (Oetting, Lee, & Porter, 2013). Yet implementing within-dialect
comparisons remains difficult due to the limited research on NMAE use, specifically how
use changes across development and contexts, and the factors related to the individual
differences in use of NMAE features.
The project addresses two specific aims 1) determine the frequency of
use of NMAE features by typically developing children across conversational contexts
and grades and 2) determine the factors relating to the use of NMAE features in school
contexts
Language Assessment With Children Who Speak Nonmainstream Dialects: Examining the Effects of Scoring Modifications in Norm-Referenced Assessment
No full text
Purpose
We compared outcomes from 2 measures of language ability in children who displayed a range of dialect variation: 1 using features that do not contrast between mainstream American English (MAE) and nonmainstream dialects (NMAE), and 1 using contrastive features. We investigated how modified scoring procedures affected the diagnostic accuracy of the measure with contrastive features.
Method
Second-grade students (
N
= 299; 167 White, 106 African American, 26 other) completed measures of language variation and ability (the Diagnostic Evaluation of Language Variation–Screening Test and the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals–Fourth Edition [CELF-4]). The CELF-4 was scored with and without the recommended scoring modifications for children who spoke African American English.
Results
Partial correlations controlling for socioeconomic status revealed small to moderate correlations between measures of language ability and the use of NMAE features. Modified scoring yielded higher scores for children who spoke African American English and a reduced association between the use of NMAE features and CELF-4 scores. Modified scoring also affected the diagnostic accuracy of the CELF-4, resulting in a lower positive likelihood ratio and a higher negative likelihood ratio.
Conclusions
The decision to apply scoring modifications affects both the false positive and false negative rates. Implications for language assessment for children who speak NMAE dialects are discussed, including the need for further investigation.
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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