1,720,992 research outputs found
Fluorescence lidar measurements at the archaeological site house of augustus at palatino, Rome
No full textEarly diagnostics and documentation fulfill an essential role for an effective planning of conservation and restoration of cultural heritage assets. In particular, remote sensing techniques that do not require the use of scaffolds or lifts, such as fluoresence lidar, can provide useful information to obtain an overall assessment of the status of the investigated surfaces and can be exploited to address analytical studies in selected areas. Here we present the results of a joint Italian-Swedish project focused on documenting and recording the status of some sections of the part closed to the public by using fluorescence hyperspectral imaging lidar. The lidar used a tripled-frequency Nd:YAG laser emitting at 355 nm as excitation source and an intensified, gated 512x512-pixel CCD as detector. The lidar had imaging capabilities thanks to a computer-controlled scanning mirror. The fluorescence characteristics of fresco wall paintings were compared to those of fresco fragments found at the same archaeological site and separately examined in the lab using FT-IR and Raman techniques for the identification of pigments. The fluorescence lidar was also used to remotely detect the growth of phototrophic biodeteriogens on the walls. The fluorescence lidar data were compared with results from biological sampling, cultivation and laboratory analysis by molecular techniques. © 2013 SPIE
Da Opuntia ficus-indica e Capsicum spp. prodotti sostenibili per i beni culturali. Il Programma Bilaterale Italia-Messico (2014-2020)
Full text linkQuesto volume è il frutto dell’attività svolta in ENEA sull’applicazione della mucillagine di Opuntia ficus-indica (fico d’india) e dell’estratto di frutti di Capsicum (peperoncino) nel settore dei beni culturali. L’applicazione di queste sostanze vegetali nel campo della conservazione è stata sviluppata all’interno di progetti finanziati dal Programma Esecutivo di Cooperazione Scientifica e Tecnologica tra l’Italia e gli Stati Uniti del Messico, promossi e finanziati dal Ministero per gli Affari Esteri e della Cooperazione Internazionale (MAECI). I due progetti, il primo con il titolo “Recupero di antiche tecnologie messicane per lo sviluppo di prodotti sostenibili per il restauro dei beni culturali” (2014-2017) e il secondo “Realizzazione di biomateriali per il restauro sostenibile dei beni culturali attraverso la valorizzazione di specie vegetali multifunzionali: Opuntia ficus-indica e Capsicum spp.”(2018-2020) sono stati sostenuti attraverso il cofinanziamento dei progetti “Grande Rilevanza” per lo svolgimento di attività congiunte con il partner messicano. In questo volume sono descritti i risultati ottenuti nel corso della realizzazione dei due progetti: si è messa a punto una metodologia estrattiva (con valutazione delle rese e delle caratteristiche dell’estratto ottenuto con diversi metodi) ed esplorate le procedure di stabilizzazione dei prodotti a base di mucillagine (NopalGel e NopalCap). Si è stabilito il range di concentrazione ottimale per l’utilizzo del NopalGel come additivo nelle malte, per il supporto dei dipinti murali, su malte idrauliche, su mattoni di terra cruda, sul supporto di una tela per dipinti, su carta moderna e su film di amido termoplastico. Prima di passare a prove in campo, si è verificata la biorecettività dei materiali trattati con NopalGel e NopalCap, per poterli applicare su beni storico-artistici e valutarne la capacità di ritardare l’attacco biologico. Sono quindi descritti i casi studio pionieri delle applicazioni dei prodotti NopalGel e NopalCap in interventi restauro
Laponite micro-packs for the selective cleaning of multiple coherent deposits on wall paintings: The case study of Casina Farnese on the Palatine Hill (Rome-Italy)
No full textAs a result of the research described in this article a safe, bio-based procedure has been established to treat hard-to-remove coherent deposits composed of gypsum, weddellite, calcium carbonate, apatite, nitrate, and aged proteinaceous matter from the wall paintings of the lower loggia of the Casina Farnese (Palatine Hill, Rome). Following a laboratory screening, three bacterial non-spore-forming strains were selected from our laboratory collection to solubilise calcium sulphate and carbonate (Cellulosimicrobium cellulans TBF11E), to degrade proteins (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia UI3E), to solubilise inorganic compounds and to degrade protein material (Pseudomonas koreensis UT30E). The living bacterial cells were suspended in a Laponite gel, which is highly compatible with the survival of the cells and is also easily applied, and removed from, vertical walls. Compresses containing microorganisms (micro-packs) were used in a series of biocleaning tests carried out in situ, from July 2012 to February 2013, in temperatures ranging from 6ᄚC to 37ᄚC. Each micro-pack contained a single bacterial strain (TBF11E, UI3E or UT30E). The micro-packs containing the different bacteria were applied, individually or in succession, depending on the nature and layers of the deposits to be removed. Contact times of between 24 and 48h were established in accordance with the advice of the restorers. The strain TBF11E removed the inorganic darker layer, UI3E dissolved the brownish layer (probably aged casein) and UT30E removed the mixed deposits. No residues were left after the treatment and the restorers successfully completed the restoration. ᄅ 2014 Elsevier Ltd
A safe microbe-based procedure for a gentle removal of aged animal glues from ancient paper
No full textIn the past, the animal glues were used in paper manufacturing and in restoration of artworks preserved in museums, libraries and archives. By ageing they went through deterioration creating distortions, tensions, cockling and discolouration in paper materials. Consequently, the removal of glue residues becomes an essential step in the restoration of ancient and artwork paper material. Current mechanical and chemical methods display serious drawbacks mainly related to aggressiveness towards material or toxicity for restorers. Bio-based methods for paper cleaning rely on the use of enzymes that require skilled operators, optimal application conditions and high costs, creating difficulties in mastering enzyme use so far. This paper describes a first attempt of biocleaning ancient paper from organic deposits using living bacteria. The non-pathogenic, non-spore-forming and non-cellulolytic original strain Ochrobactrum sp. TNS15E was successfully applied -immobilised in an agar gel-on original paper specimens dating back to the 17th. After 4 h of contact with the bacterial pack, the cellulose fibres underlying glue were disclosed, highlighting the bacterial capacity of removing the glue layer without damaging the paper or leaving undesirable residues. Both colorimetry and SEM analyses proved the results. The procedure is simple, low-cost and safe for the artefact, the restorers and the environment. © 2016
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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