1,721,035 research outputs found
The detection of IgG against a specific mycobacterial antigen (A60) in the diagnosis of tuberculous pericarditis.
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Gut Microbiota Host–Gene Interaction
Full text link: Studies carried out in the last ten years have shown that the metabolites made up from the gut microbiota are essential for multiple functions, such as the correct development of the immune system of newborns, interception of pathogens, and nutritional enrichment of the diet. Therefore, it is not surprising that alteration of the gut microbiota is the starting point of gastrointestinal infection, obesity, type 2 diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, and lung cancer. Diet changes and antibiotics are the major factors damaging the gut microbiota. Early exposure of the newborns to antibiotics may prevent their correct development of the immune system, exposing them to pathogen infections, allergies, and chronic inflammatory diseases. We already know much on how host genes, microbiota, and the environment interact, owing to experiments in several model animals, especially in mice; advances in molecular technology; microbiota transplantation; and comparative metagenomic analysis. However, much more remains to be known. Longitudinal studies on patients undergoing to therapy, along with the identification of bacteria prevalent in responding patients may provide valuable data for improving therapies
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Nasal nitric oxide inhibition prevents the bradykinin-induced increase in nasal airway resistance in normal humans
No full textBackground. Nose is an important source of nitric oxide (NO) in humans, but the importance of NO production in the regulation of nasal airway resistance (NAR) in basal conditions and in response to inflammatory mediators in not well known. In this study, the effect of NO inhibition on NAR at baseline and after an acute challenge with bradykinin (BK), a potent proinflammatory mediator that mimics many of the symptoms of rhinitis has been evaluated. Methods. Fifteen healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. Nasal NO production was measured by chemiluminescence method and NAR were measured by active anterior rhinomanometry. Results. Basal nasal NO concentration was 511.4 ± 112.6 ppb (n=9); it significantly decreased after L-NAME topically administrated (368.6 ± 80.6 ppb: n=9, p<0.001; L-arginine caused a recovery in NO production (498.2 ± 130.9 ppb). The administration of L-NAME did not cause any change in basal NAR (from 0.36 ± 0.18 Pa · sec · cm-3 to 0.38 ± 0.23 Pa · sec · cm-3; n=6). In a double blind fashion, nasal challenge with BK (1000 μg) was performed after topical pretreatment with either placebo or L-NAME. BK after placebo pretreatment caused a significant increase in NAR (from 0.38 ± 0.21 Pa · sec · cm-3 to 0.71 ± 0.30 Pa · sec · cm-3 p<0.05: n=6), whereas pretreatment with L-NAME significantly prevented the BK induced increase in NAR (from 0.36 ± 0.18 Pa · sec · cm-3 to 0.42 ± 19 Pa · sec. · cm-3). Conclusions. The conclusions is drawn that topical administration of the NO-synthase inhibitor L-NAME is able to decrease NO nasal production, but does not affect basal nasal airway resistance. NO inhibition by L-NAME prevents the BK- induced increase in NAR indicating NO release in vivo is involved in the nasal response to BK
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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