284 research outputs found
Anak Muda dan Media: Dakwah Sheikh Assim di Media Sosial Sebagai Basis Transmisi Salafisme di Indonesia
No full textAbstrak
Kelompok Salafi walau dikenal beraliran tradisional-konservatif dengan jargonya kembali pada Qur’an dan Sunnah, namun pada kenyataanya mereka dapat memanfaatkan teknologi informasi dengan maksimal untuk berdakwah. Tulisan ini membahas mengenai adanya gaya baru dakwah Salafi yang dilakukan oleh Sheikh Assim al-Hakeem. Ia merupakan seorang da\u27i asal Saudi yang dengan cepat mendapatkan popularitas di kalangan anak muda Indonesia melalui media sosial. Tulisan ini menganalisis cara dakwah yang disampaikan oleh Sheikh Assim yang banyak menarik simpati anak muda. Dengan menggunakan metode netnografi yang dicetuskan oleh Kozinets dengan 12 tahapan metodologis, penulis mengelaborasi dan menganalisis data secara virtual. Selain itu untuk mendapatkan data yang lebih komperhensif penulis juga melakukan wawancara lapangan kepada peserta kajian Sheikh Assim ketika berdakwah di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menyuguhkan pertanyaaan apa motivasi anak muda tertarik dengan kajian Salafi Sheikh Assim dan mengapa banyak diminati. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan dakwah yang menggabungkan doktrin Salafi dengan gaya komunikasi jenaka dapat menarik minat anak muda Indonesia, terutama mereka yang kurang memiliki pemahaman matang tentang agama. Popularitas Sheikh Assim sebagai da\u27i viral di media sosial dengan gaya komunikasi santai menjadi faktor utama yang mendorong ia banyak disukai anak muda baik di media sosial maupun di kajian dakwahnya secara langsung.
Abstract
Although Salafi are known to be traditional-conservative with their motto of returning to the Qur\u27an and Sunnah, they can make the most of information technology to preach. This paper discusses the new style of Salafi da\u27wah conducted by Sheikh Assim al-Hakeem. He is a Saudi da\u27i who quickly gained popularity among Indonesian youth through social media. This paper analyses the way of da\u27wah delivered by Sheikh Assim that attracts many young people. Using the netnography method coined by Kozinets with 12 methodological stages, the author elaborates and analyses the data virtually. In addition, to obtain more comprehensive data, the author conducted field interviews with Sheikh Assim\u27s followers when preaching in Indonesia. This research presents the question of what motivates youth to be interested in Sheikh Assim\u27s preaching and why they are in great demand. The results show that a da\u27wah approach that combines Salafi doctrine with a humorous communication style can attract Indonesian youth, especially those who lack a mature understanding of religion. Sheikh Assim\u27s popularity as a viral da\u27i on social media with a relaxed communication style is the main factor that drives him to be liked by many youths both on social media and in his preaching
The role of occupational exposure on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in middle-aged adults
No full text© 2017 Dr. Sheikh Mohammad AlifChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) contributes significantly to the global burden of disease. COPD is characterized by the presence of fixed airflow obstruction (AO) as measured by spirometry and defined by irreversible reduction in the post-bronchodilator (BD) ratio between the forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC). Chronic bronchitis, chronic respiratory symptoms and lung function decline over time are also significant predictors of COPD. However, they are also considered separate conditions as these may exist with normal lung function. Smoking is the main risk factor for COPD but a large number of people with COPD are never smokers, so other factors are contributing to the disease burden. Occupational exposure is one of the known important preventable risk factor for this disease. Understanding how occupational exposures contribute to the overall risk of COPD in the general population is essential to be able to gain a greater understanding of COPD etiology and to be able to identify high-risk occupational groups. Population-based studies have found evidence of a relationship between some occupational exposures and COPD. However, a critical review of literature presented in Chapter 2, identified that studies to date investigating these relationships have had some significant limitations including lack of post-BD measurement, limited use of lifetime work history and cumulative exposure assessment. Furthermore, some common occupational exposures with known respiratory impacts have not been investigated in relation to fixed AO with adequate consideration of asthma and lung function decline. Therefore, the aim of my doctoral work was to investigate the effects of occupational exposures on COPD using robust definitions of COPD, chronic bronchitis, and lung function decline and to explore if any effect modification existed.
My systematic review and meta-analyses (Chapter 3) identified an association between low exposure to mineral dust and high exposure to gases/fumes and COPD, and both low and high exposure to biological dust and mineral dust were associated with chronic bronchitis. This work further helped to identify some of the major gaps in the literature that I have addressed in my subsequent analysis.
In Chapter 4, I used data from the population-based Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study (TAHS). Lifetime work history calendars were collected at age 45 years, and occupational exposures were assigned using the ALOHA plus Job Exposure Matrix and defined as ever exposed and cumulative exposure-unit years. Multivariable linear and logistic regressions were used to investigate the associations adjusting for possible confounders.
In Chapter 5, I examined the associations between occupational exposure and COPD defined by fixed AO, chronic bronchitis, and respiratory symptoms. I found consistent significant associations between ever exposure and cumulative exposure-unit years to pesticides and herbicides and fixed AO, chronic bronchitis, and respiratory symptoms. I also found evidence of effect modification by current asthma for the association between biological dust, mineral dust, and gases/fumes and fixed AO.
In Chapter 6, I examined the association between exposure to solvents and metals and COPD as defined by fixed AO and gas transfer factor. I found an association between ever exposure to metals and fixed AO. Interestingly I also found an association between increasing cumulative exposure-unit years to chlorinated solvents and fixed AO and fixed AO plus low DLco but only in women, not in men.
In Chapter 7, I investigated the association between occupational exposures and lung function decline between age 45 and 50 years. I found an association between both ever exposure and cumulative exposure-unit years to aromatic solvents and a greater decline in lung function. I also found that increasing cumulative exposure-unit years to aromatic solvents were associated with a greater lung function decline in women, but not in men.
Collectively these findings have strengthened and have filled some major gaps in our understanding of the links between overall occupational exposure and the development of COPD in an adult population. I have confirmed in my study that exposure to pesticides is a risk factor for COPD with solvents and metals exposure also linked to an increased risk of COPD. Importantly, my findings suggest that women are at a greater risk of COPD when exposed to solvents. These findings lead me to make several important public health recommendations. Firstly, workplaces need to be monitored to ensure exposure to pesticides and solvents is reduced via adequate ventilation, storage, and usage solutions. Secondly, occupational groups with regular and high exposure to these chemicals need to be encouraged to utilize personal protective equipment, together with routine monitoring. By implementation of these control measures, the burden of COPD caused by occupational exposures has the potential to be reduced
Introducing Kholasat ol-Maqamat and its stylistic and lingual characteristics
No full textAbstract
Kholasat ol-Maqamat is a manuscript on spiritual stations of famous mystic and Sofi, Sheikh Ahmad Jam. This manuscript has been written by Ab ol-Makarem Ibn Alaâ ol-Molk Jami, one of Sheikh Ahmad's descendants, in the time of Shahrokh Mirzaâs reign (840) to whom that manuscript was presented.
The style of this book is similar to that of Asrar ot-Towhid and as it appears from its name, it is a concise of some books on maqamat written in Sheikh Jam's time. Therefore, maqamt is a name applied generally to papers written about spiritual stations of special characters. Historically, it so happened that this work probably belongs to Sheikh Ahmad's time, because at that time or afterwards some books have been written on his spiritual stations which we will point out. We believe works of this kind which has been written afterwards, such as Asrar ot-Towhid on Abu Saeed's spiritual stations are affected by the method of maqamat-writing in the time of Ahmad Jam, and Kholasat ol-Maqamat is an anthology of early works on this subject.
To write this book, Alaâ ol-Molk, in addition to Mohammad Ghaznavi's Maqamat which is a description of the Ahmad Jam's Maqamat, has used four Maqamats: Imam razi od-Din Ilias Taybadi's Maqamat, Sheikh Ahmad Tarkhestani's Maqamat, Taj ed-Din Mahmoud buzjani's Maqamat and Darwish Ali Buzjani's Maqamat.
Moreover, he has benefited from Khaje Mohammad Heisamâs History, Jameâ ol-Osul, Some of Sihahe Sitte and Masanid Arbaâe, apparently complete works of Several poets including Sheikh Attar Neishaburi and also some works of Sheikh Jam (Ons ot-Taebin, Seraj os-Saâerin, Rawzat ol-Moznebin, Konuz ol-Hekme, Miftah on-Nijat, Bihar ol-Haqiqe and a collection of Sheikh Jamâs poems). Additionally, this book contains mystical, geographical, historical benefits and stylistic and lingual characteristics.
This manuscript is distinguishable for some reasons such as availability of some other manuscripts titled maqamat of which the author made used, all have been written in jam's time by his cohorts. Each of them has a great value, since that time is probably the beginning of writing maqamat. Because on the basis of notes remained, Alaâol-Molk has used four maqamats named Imam Razi od-Din Ilias Taibadi, Sheikh Ahmad Tarkhestani, Darvish Ali Buzjani that now there is no information about. This point increases the value of Kholasat ol-Maqamat.
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He had also some of his ancestor's works that contain more accurate and detailed subjects as well as more complete information about family and descendents of Sheikh than Mohammad Ghaznavi's Maqamat.
Three manuscripts of Kholasat ol-Maqamat are available with different mode of hand writing: Manuscript in Ganj Bakhsh library of Lahur, manuscript in theology faculty of University of Mashhad and digital library of parliament.
Finally, necessary to say, this manuscript indicates Sheikh's spiritual stations happened to and written by his cohorts at that time. Since that papers except Mohammad Ghaznavi's Maqamat have been disappeared, Kholasat ol-Maqamat which is the extract of those maqamats could be known as the most important and exquisite manuscript about Sheikh's spiritual stations and Keramat.
Actually, recognition, introduction and emendation of this manuscript will be an effective and fruitful step to know more about Sheikh Ahmad Jam and his spiritual stations and tunes and the style of writing maqamat which is of high importance for researchers in getting information about Sheikh's dignity and styles of writing maqamat. There is a hope that this book has the success of unveilin
Teaching the clarinet in Kuwait: creating a curriculum for the Public Authority for Applied Education and Training
No full textKuwait, post-oil (1932), invested heavily in educational development at all levels. A curriculum was developed which included music, both Eastern and Western. Initially the piano was adopted, but the curriculum was broadened to include other Western instruments, more recently the clarinet. A need for a programme of training to produce versatile clarinet teachers in Kuwait was therefore identified.In order to ensure that the curriculum to be designed met the specific needs of Kuwaiti clarinet students, an analysis was made of the social, historical and geographical situation of the country, Kuwaiti Folk Music, Music in Islam, and curriculum and instrumental music teaching in Kuwaiti schools.From these initial findings the specific needs of Kuwaiti clarinet students were identified. These include adult beginners, no aural model of the clarinet, little familiarity with the clarinet repertoire, and no transferable instrumental technical skills. In order to support these students in their learning, theories of motivation were analysed, and situation-specific teaching strategies have been identified and developed. Simultaneously an analysis was made of clarinet teaching, past and present in Kuwait. From these recommendations best practice was identified. These informed curriculum development.As a consequence the Ahmad Alderaiwaish Clarinet Curriculum (AACC) for the Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, Kuwait, was developed. Peer review and critical response followed. The AACC, which is in the form of five parts, delivers the clarinet teacher education element of the Bachelor of Arts programme. These parts are designed primarily for the student and include scales,arpeggios, exercises, pieces and recommended sources, both Eastern folk and classical, and Western music. The former have the additional benefit of preserving and promoting Kuwait’s cultural heritage. Complementary teaching equipment has been invented to introduce students to specific playing techniques with which they were not familiar, for example, breath control
Consciousness as the Self-Embedded Illusion of Conscious Frames: A Thought Experiment on the Illusory Continuity of the Self in a Static Universe
No full textThis thought experiment proposes a novel metaphysical hypothesis: that consciousness consists of isolated, static frames embedded within a non-dynamic, block universe. Each frame is an independent, self-contained configuration with embedded illusions of memory, anticipation, and continuity. There is no actual movement of consciousness through time; rather, the subjective impression of temporal progression arises from informational structures within each discrete frame. This work, termed the Self-Embedded Illusion of Conscious Frames (SEICF) theory, arose spontaneously through introspective reasoning influenced by the concept of a four-dimensional spacetime. While not developed through formal philosophical or scientific methods, the hypothesis aligns with certain themes in the philosophy of time, metaphysics of identity, and cognitive science. Its speculative nature invites interdisciplinary engagement and provides a provocative lens through which to explore the problem of consciousness and temporal experience.
(Author: Sheikh Mohammad Adeeb
A Comparative Study of Exegetical Narrations Related to the Verse of Holy Prophet's Sin Based on the Exegetic Principles and Rules
No full textAccording to exegesis, the necessary condition for the validity and accuracy of every exegetic opinion- including exegetic narrations- is their conformity with accepted exegetic principles and rules. Therefore, the comparative analysis of transmitted exegeses on the basis of the principles and rules of exegesis is an important method to examine and evaluate how much these opinions are valid and accurate. Different narrations and exegetic opinions have been proposed for the second verse of the Chapter Victory (Surah 48) in order to explain the meaning of the term "sin", its attribution to the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny), and asking "forgiveness" for it. The present paper analyzes each of these exegetic opinions and their semantic significations and implications from different dimensions discussed in the principles of exegesis, including their conformity with lexical root in singulars and compounds, literary rules, contextual implication, verses and narrations with similar theme, necessities and admissa, and intellectual propositions, and tries to assess and evaluate the validity and accuracy of each opinion in relation to rational exegetic principles. It seems that the exegetic opinion transmitted from Imam Reza (peace be upon him) has more conformity and agreement with the principles of exegesis than other mentioned opinions.
Mohammad Kazem Rahman Setayesh[1]
Mohammad Majid Sheikh Baha'i[2]
[1] Assistant professor of department of sciences of the Holy Quran and Hadith, University of Qom, [email protected]
[2] Corresponding author, PhD student of sciences of the Holy Quran and Hadith, Usul al-Deen (Principles of Religion) University of Qom, [email protected]
Ibadism in Oman and developments in the field of Christian – Muslim relationships
No full textThe purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between Christians and the IbadT of Oman, as a contribution to Christian-Muslim dialogue. The main focus is an assessment of the contribution offered in the past by the small missionary presence, and of the potential scope and areas of dialogue between the recent guest-worker Christian community, and their hosts - a Muslim country growing in international status. The thesis tells the story of a dynamic engagement in dialogue. The history, customs and beliefs of the country will be outlined, with particular emphasis on meeting points with Christian missionaries. The History of the Imams and Seyyids of Oman by SalTl bin Razlk, translated by CP. Badger and published in 1871, is the source of several more recent works consulted. The Journal of the Arabian Mission of the Reformed Church of America, Neglected Arabia/ Arabia Calling: 1892-1962 and the quarterly The Muslim World (from 1911) have been among other main sources. Some of the many books and articles by Samuel Zwemer have been read; he visited Muscat in Oman on several occasions - his brother Peter contracting a fatal illness while serving there. The IbadT believe their understanding of Islam to be close to that of the Prophet Muhammad; individual in faith, they fiercely claim to be orthodox in their interpretation of the Our'an and they are quick to speak out when they think Its essential tenets are being compromised. They can therefore perhaps afford to be relaxed when it comes to living alongside those who are not themselves IbadT and are willing to listen to them with an open mind. Their courteous meeting with the Christians they welcome to their country offers clues in the wider field of Christian-Muslim relations
Critical Edition and Analysis of the Ṭahārah Chapter of ʿAbd al-Malik al-Kalʿī al-Ḥanafī's Ḥall al-Ramz ʿan Matn al-Kanz
No full textBu çalışma, Hanefi fıkhının en alimlerinden biri olan Ebü'l-Berekât en-Nesefî'nin (ö. 710) kenzü'd dekaik adlı eserinin şeyh "Abdülmelik el-Kal‛î el-Mekkî el-Hanefî tarafından kaleme alınan hallu'r-Remz an metni'l-Kenz" adlı haşiye eserini tanıtmayı amaçlar. Eserimizin önemi yazarının ilmi bir aileden gelmesinden kaynaklanır, elimizdeki tarihi kaynaklara göre Abdülmelik'in babası ve dedesi Mekke'de Hanefî mezhebinin müftüsü idiler, Abdülmelik ise 12. Yüzyılın başında babasından sonra Mekke'de 37 yıl kadar müftülük görevini üstlendi. Bu sebepten ötürü Hall'ü-Remz adlı kitap Hicaz bölgesinde Hanefî ekolünü yansıtan çokça faydalı bilgileri ihtiva etmektedir ve kitap genelde meseleleri ta‛lîl ve tartışmalı konuları ele alarak ve kıza vede uzun zor konuları ve meseleleri ele alarak naklî delile fazla başvurulmamıştır. Tez ise iki bölüme ayrılmaktadır; Birinci bölüm: Çalışma bölümüdür ve araştırmacı, yazarın hayatı, ilmi rütbesi, eserleri, el yazmasının tanıtımı, izlenilen yöntem ve eserin müellifine olan aidiyetinden bahseder. İkinci bölüm: Tahkîk bölümü; araştırmacı metni asıl nüshada olduğu gibi yazmış (Taharet bahsinin tamamı), kitapta bulunan bab ve bölümlere başlık eklemiş ardından sonuç, bulgular ve tavsiyelerden bahsetmiştir. Bunun yanında kitapta geçen ilmi şahsiyetler, kitaplar, yazma eserin resimlerini ve fihristleri zikretmiştir.This study aims to investigate one of the most important commentaries of "Kanz al-Daka'ik" in Hanafi Fiqh by Imam Abu al-Barakat Abdullah ibn Ahmad al-Nasafi (died 710 AH) titled "Hall al-Ramz 'an Matn al-Kanz" which is written by Mufti Sheikh Abdul Malik al-Qalai al-Hanafi al-Makki (died 1228 AH). The value of this commentary stems from the fact that Sheikh Abdul Malik came from a scholarly family known for jurisprudence, as both his grandfather and father were the Hanafi Muftis in Mecca. Sheikh Abdul Malik succeeded his father as Mufti for thirty-seven years at the beginning of the twelfth Hijri century. Therefore, "Hall al-Ramz" contains unique aspects that offer it academic value, such as the influence of the Hanafi school in the Hijaz. This commentary is characterized by the relative absence of primary textual evidence in discussions, striking a balance between brevity and detail in explaining and clarifying complex issues and concerns, and focusing on reasoning and clarification in contentious areas. This thesis consists of two parts. In part one, the study section discusses the life of the author, his scholarly rank, his writings, an introduction to the manuscript, the methodology used, and its attribution to the author. In part two, the Tahkik section presents the edited text as it is in the original manuscript (comprising of the entire section of Taharah) with additional subheadings for chapters and sections. It concludes with findings and recommendations as well as general index with biographical entries of scholars, books, and manuscripts
The Biography of Mohammad bin Rashid al Maktūm: a Thematic Study oh his Book My Story
No full textإنّ استقراء كتاب "قصّتي" يمنحنا فرصة استكشاف الفِكْر المستنير الذي يقدّمه الشيخ محمد بن راشد آل مكتوم من خلال محطّات حياته الحافلة، وذلك عبر مضامين ثريّة متنوّعة عبر مختلف مراحل عمره من الطفولة إلى الشباب إلى النضج. إنها عصارة تجاربه واحتكاكه بشخصيات عديدة من فئات شتّى، عصارة تلفت الانتباه إليها.
وقد أخذت هذه الدراسة على عاتقها استشراف صَفْوة ما جاء في كتاب "قصّتي"من مضامين تتمثَّل في المضامين الوطنيّة، والمضامين القياديّة، والمضامين الفلسفيّة الحِكَميّة، والمضامين الإنسانيّة؛ للوقوف على ملامح شخصية الشيخ محمد بن راشد آل مكتوم، وعلى مراحل تكوينه وأفكاره النيّرة وقِيَمه النبيلة، فضلاً عن استجلاء ما رام بثّه من رسائل ودروس وعِبَر للأجيال القادمة، بُغية تخليد العطاء الوطنيّ ذي النوايا الخالصة عبر الزمان والمكان، وعبر التأمّل في سيرة ذاتيّة تتداخل شؤونها مع السيرة الوطنيّة لدولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة، وتتشابك مع الشؤون الإقليمية للمنطقة التي ينتمي إليها المؤلف، ويتبنّى قضاياها بإيجابيّة القائد الحقيقيّ وحِكْمته الموروثة من آبائه الأُوَل.The extrapolation of the book "My Story" gives us an opportunity to explore the thought that Mohammad bin Rāshid al Maktūm conveys through his busy life intervals and diverse preoccupations throughout his life, from childhood to youth to maturity. It is the essence of his experiences and contact with many personalities of various categories, an essence that calls attention.
This study took it upon itself to explore the elite of what was mentioned in the book "My Story", which includes national contents, leadership contents, philosophical wisdom and humanitarian implications. The study sought to find out about the personality traits of Sheikh Mohammad bin Rāshid al Maktūm, the stages of its formation, his bright ideas and the noble values he advocates. It also aimed at clarifying the transmitted messages and the lessons given to future generations. These lessons are meant to celebrate national giving with pure intentions across time and space, and through the contemplation of a biography whose affairs overlap with the national biography of the United Arab Emirates as they intersect with the regional affairs to which the author belongs and whose concerns he positively handles with the true sense of leadership and wisdom inherited from his first parents
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