877 research outputs found
Scoping review protocol: Intensive short term dynamic psychotherapy for anxiety and related disorders
No full textCorresponding author:
Nathan C. Thoma (see protocol file for contact information
Die Bybelse verwysings na die Vetus Syria in die Actae Thoma
No full textM.A.This study investigates the connection between the biblical references to the Gospels in Actae Thoma, or the Apocryphal Acts of Judas Thomas, and the text of the Vetus Syria. The main objective is to verify whether the author of Actae Thoma was dependent on the Vetus Syria which was one of the largest and oldest Syriac text families containing the separate Gospels. An independent study in this regard has not yet been undertaken. Both Klijn and Burkitt touched on the biblical references in Actae Thoma but they did not attempt to investigate the references as the sole object of their research. The present study attempts to investigate all the biblical references in order to verify whether the author of Actae Thoma was indeed dependent on the Vetus Syria. The function of these references within the new context of Actae Thoma is also investigated. The value of the study lies in its contribution to our understanding of the Syriac textual history and of the function of these references. It seems that they were used to propagate the ideals of asceticism, to enhance the figure of the Apostle and bring the reader under the impression that he finds himself in a Biblical milieu. A basis for further study is also provided
Die Bybelse verwysings na die Vetus Syria in die Actae Thoma
Get PDFM.A.This study investigates the connection between the biblical references to the Gospels in Actae Thoma, or the Apocryphal Acts of Judas Thomas, and the text of the Vetus Syria. The main objective is to verify whether the author of Actae Thoma was dependent on the Vetus Syria which was one of the largest and oldest Syriac text families containing the separate Gospels. An independent study in this regard has not yet been undertaken. Both Klijn and Burkitt touched on the biblical references in Actae Thoma but they did not attempt to investigate the references as the sole object of their research. The present study attempts to investigate all the biblical references in order to verify whether the author of Actae Thoma was indeed dependent on the Vetus Syria. The function of these references within the new context of Actae Thoma is also investigated. The value of the study lies in its contribution to our understanding of the Syriac textual history and of the function of these references. It seems that they were used to propagate the ideals of asceticism, to enhance the figure of the Apostle and bring the reader under the impression that he finds himself in a Biblical milieu. A basis for further study is also provided
Hexapanopeus klausruetzleri Felder & Thoma 2022, n. sp.
No full textHexapanopeus klausruetzleri n. sp. (Figs 1A–F, 2A–J, 3A–C) Hexapanopeus nov. sp. — Thoma et al. 2014: 89, table 1, 92, fig. 1. Type material. Holotype: male, cw 9.9 mm, in dead conch shell on shallow subtidal sand flat behind reef break, off south end of South Water Cay, Belize, 16°48.682´N, 88°04.968´W, snorkeling, 1 m, 3 February 2011, coll. D. Felder, R. Lemaitre, J. Felder, S. Pecnik, & C. Tudge, USNM 1546469 (= ULLZ 12526 -A). Paratypes: 1 juvenile male, cw 7.2 mm, collection data same as for holotype, USNM 1661745 (= ULLZ 12526 -B); 1 juvenile female, cw 5.2 mm, in eroded dead conch shell from deep patchy Thalassia and sponge bed, off northeast side of Twin Cays, Belize, 16°50.133´N, 88°05.852´W, snorkeling, 4 m, 21 April 2015, coll D. Felder, J. Scioli, K. Barkel, J. Felder, & C. Craig, USNM 1549828 (= ULLZ 16524). Diagnosis. Carapace dorsal surface weakly convex, ovoid to weakly subhexagonal outline, wider than long (including anterolateral teeth), fronto-orbital width slightly exceeding 0.6 carapace width; front broadly convex with small median V-shaped notch separating shallow unimarginate lobes to each side, frontal margin of each lobe bearing slightly enlarged granules, lateral tooth of each frontal lobe obsolesent, lateral margin deflected to intersect antennal sinus; dorsal regions weakly defined, furrows of mesogastric, gastric, and anterior cardiac most evident; five anterolateral teeth, first tooth (outer orbital corner) subacutely angular, weakly separated from lobiform second by shallow depression of margin, third and fourth broadly lobiform to somewhat rounded or subrectangular, fifth small, subacutely angular. Third maxilliped merus distal margin sinuous, slightly produced to form small prominence near articulation with carpus. Cheliped merus superolateral margin with rough row of denticles, variably grouped to form serrate teeth, in major cheliped some forming sharp serrate teeth; carpus superior and lateral surfaces smooth to minutely granulate, microgranules forming weakly defined lines or surmounting weak elevations, supero-external surface marked by depression parallel to distal margin, internal margin with proximal angle weak, surmounted by line of low granules, distal angle stronger, forming blunt distally directed tooth. Major chela propodus mostly smooth to microgranulate, superior longitudinal crest weak, unarmed, adjacent external furrow shallow; dactylus opposable margin with slightly enlarged, lobiform basal tooth proximally. Ambulatory pereopods 2–5 relatively narrow, 2–4 subequal in size, merus length in all greater than 3 times greatest width, merus length approximating or slightly exceeding 1/2 carapace length; pereopod 5 smaller, propodus stouter than in other ambulatory pereopods, merus length not exceeding 1/2 length of carapace; merus in all ambulatory pereopods with superior margin unarmed, at most with dentiform granules variably concealed by plumose setae, inferior margin finely granulate; carpus superior margin with dense tract of short stout papilliform setae along crest; propodus superior margin with dense field of papilliform setae, dactylar-propodal locking mechanism not developed; dactylus stout proximally, inferior margin lacking subterminal prehensile tooth, superior margin densely covered by short papilliform setae, inferior margin with less dense slightly longer stiff simple setae. Male anterior thoracic sternum length (sternites 1–4) about 2/3 greatest width of fourth sternite (including episternites), eighth sternite exposed in subquadrate gap between lateral margin of flexed second pleonite and pereopod 5 coxa, exposure narrowly extending to anterior of condyle. Pleon of male with third through fifth pleonites fused, widest reach of first pleonite at its articulation with carapace, laterally rounded to articulation with second pleonite; telson subtriangularly rounded, widest in proximal one-third. Male first gonopod tip of highly modified panopeid form, subterminal tooth triangular, trunk in distal 1/4 of pleonal side bearing elongate field of heavy, rounded tubercles and granules extending to base of subterminal tooth. Male second gonopod less than one-third length of first gonopod. Applicable GenBank sequence accession numbers from Thoma et al. (2014) as follows for USNM 1546469 (= ULLZ 12526-A, holotype): (12S) KF683061; (16S) KF682952; (18S) KF682930; (COI) KF682772; (ENO) KF682722; (H3) KF682613. Description. Carapace (Figs 1A, B; 3A–C) about 1.3 times wider than long, dorsal surface weakly convex, transverse edges of frontal lobes unimarginate, frontal width slightly exceeding 0.5 fronto-orbital width, frontoorbital width slightly exceeding 0.6 greatest carapace width, dorsal outline ovoid to slightly subhexagonal, dorsal regions overall weakly marked by furrows, marginal furrows of mesogastric, gastric, and anterior cardiac regions evident, most others obsolescent, dorsal surfaces of frontal regions less elevated than those to posterior, transverse ridges of granules weak to obsolescent, dorsal surfaces appearing mostly smooth with low cover of small granules, densest and largest granules developed near frontal and anterolateral margins; frontal margin overall broadly convex, small V-shaped median notch separating shallow unimarginate lobes to each side, each with transverse tract of slightly enlarged granules along frontal margin, lateral tooth obsolescent (weakly evident in small specimens), forming rounded corner, lateral margin of front deflected, angled to intersect antennal sinus just below mesial end of tooth on supraorbital margin; supraorbital margin granulate, forming low obtuse tooth above antennal sinus, median and lateral fissures forming distinct breaks in marginal granulation, margin convex between fissures. Anterolateral teeth well developed along distinctly convex arch of granulate margin, granules strong along anterior slopes of teeth; anterior two of five teeth broadly fused into subquadrate prominence, first (outer orbital corner) subacutely angular, very weakly separated by shallow depression of granulate margin from weakly lobiform second; third slightly produced at coarsely granulate anterior angle, lateral margin convexly rounded; fourth broadly triangular to subquadrate, angular anterior tip subacute, lateral margin weakly convex; fifth small but distinctly developed, subacutely angular. Posterolateral finely granulate with sparse cover of elongate plumose setae. Infraorbital margin (Fig. 1B) granulate, forming strong subtriangular tooth mesially below base of eyestalk, margin sinuous laterally, ending in weakly produced infraorbital tooth. Pterygostomial and subhepatic regions with scattered low granules, coarsest near margins and along outer subhepatic region, lacking enlarged subhepatic tubercle, pterygostomial ridge distinctly granulate, slightly raised. Branchiostegite posterolaterally with sparse cover of elongate plumose setae, partially concealing ventrolateral margin above coxae of ambulatory legs. Eyestalk stout, anteriorly with short precorneal patch of enlarged, raised granules. Antenna with long flagellum, peduncle with fused basal article elongate, rectangular, extending into orbital fossa. Third maxilliped (Fig. 1C, D) protopod elongate, distal surface weakly grooved to intersect ventral edge of carapace, bearing pair of unequal projections along margin internal to groove, proximal to small podobranch gill positioned adjacent to pair of much longer, lamellate, arthrobranch gills. Epipod thin, flattened, strap-like, bearing long simple setae along length. Endopod basis subtriangular; ischium broadly subrectangular, proximal end curved laterally to intersect basis, external surface mostly smooth with few small, granules densest marginally and in external tract along distomesial margin, weak evidence of longitudinal furrow medially, mesial margin with sparse fringe of simple setae; merus subquadrate, lateral margin near straight to very weakly concave, distolateral margin weakly angular to rounded, distal margin sinuous, produced to form distinctly raised tooth-like prominence near articulation with carpus, obliquely excavate distomesially to accommodate articulation and flexure of carpus, internal surface with short transverse tract of mesially directed setae extending into excavation below articulation of carpus; carpus short, stout, internal surface with distal fringe and distal submarginal field of elongate setae overlying propodus; propodus cylindrical, internal, superior, and inferior surfaces distally with submarginal and distal rows of elongate, stiff setae; dactylus elongate, digitiform, tapering distally, length about 1.5 times that of propodus, internal surface and inferior margin bearing short stiff setae, tip bearing dense tuft of long stiff setae approximating length of dactylus. Exopod weakly arched, elongate, narrowly subrectangular, internal edge of mesial margin produced to form strong rounded subtriangular projection in distal third, flagellum multi-articulate, bearing numerous long, distally directed setae. Chelipeds (first pereopods) (Figs 1E, F; 3A–C) somewhat unequal, texture mostly smooth or minutely granulate, few setae overall, slightly more setose along some margins of merus and carpus; ischium and merus with few plumose setae along tracts of enlarged granules on inner margins, small dense setal tuft near proximal inner margin of ischium; merus superolateral margin with roughly defined row of denticles, variably grouped to form serrate teeth, in major cheliped some forming enlarged, sharp serrate teeth, proximally with few plumose setae; carpus superior and lateral surfaces smooth to minutely granulate, microgranules forming weakly defined lines or surmounting elevations, supero-external surface marked by distinct depression parallel to distal margin, proximal to which weakly defined ridges of microgranules on supero-external surface, internal margin with proximal angle ill-defined, rounded, surmounted by line of low granules, distal angle stronger, produced to form blunt, subtriangular, distally directed tooth. Major chela propodus mostly smooth to microgranulate, superior longitudinal crest of palm weak, unarmed, adjacent external furrow shallow; fixed finger of major chela subtriangular, exceeding ½ length of palm, inferior margin weakly convex, thick subacute tip curved upwards, opposable margin bearing five to six subtriangular to rounded teeth, proximal pair slightly fused, dark pigmentation extending proximally to base of finger but not onto palm; dactylus arched, slightly longer than fixed finger, opposable margin with slightly enlarged, lobiform, basal tooth proximally, distally with four to five somewhat rounded teeth separated by few smaller rounded denticles or granules, narrowing to subacute tip curved to cross to internal side of fixed-finger tip when flexed. Minor cheliped propodus similar to that of major in form and length, palm less robust and slightly less elevated than that of major, dorsal microgranulation slightly coarser than that of major; fixed finger of minor chela closely resembling but slightly longer than that of major, opposable margin with six enlarged triangular to subtriangular teeth, distal three most closely grouped and least acute, dark pigmentation extending proximally beyond finger slightly onto distal extreme of palm; dactylus of minor chela resembling that of major, opposable margin lacking enlarged basal lobiform tooth, cutting edge dentition slightly weaker than in major chela, five to six teeth enlarged, proximal three subtriangular, distal lower and more rounded, subacute tip crossing to internal side of fixed-finger tip when flexed. Ambulatory pereopods 2–5 relatively narrow, elongate, all of similar general form (Fig. 2A–E; 3A–C); pereopods 2–4 subequal in size, merus length in each greater than three times greatest width, length of meri approximating or slightly exceeding 1/2 carapace length; pereopod 5 smaller, propodus relatively stouter than in other ambulatory pereopods, merus length not exceeding 1/2 that of carapace; ambulatory pereopod meri all with superior margin relatively unarmed, at most bearing a few small dentiform granules variably concealed by row of elongate, plumose setae, distal superior margin ending in low, blunt angle beyond subdistal notch, inferior margin finely granulate, at most with few setae, granules coarsest, densest proximally on pereopod 2; carpus superior margin with pubescence formed by dense tract of short stout papilliform setae along crest, few longer narrower setae, crest roughly paralleling weak to obsolescent secondary crest on superoposterior surface, secondary crest stronger on fourth pereopod than others; propodus superior margin with pubescence formed by dense field of papilliform seta, few longer narrower setae, inferior margin lined by primarily short, narrow, simple setae along with few longer; dactylar-propodal locking mechanism not developed; dactylus stout proximally, narrowing in distal half to weakly falciform corneous tip, inferior margin lacking subterminal, calcareous, prehensile tooth, superior margin densely covered by short papilliform setae forming broad tract of thick pubescence, inferior margin with less dense tract of slightly longer stiff simple setae, both margins with few additional long simple setae, dactylus terminating in weakly hooked, acute corneous tip. Male anterior thoracic sternum length (sternites 1–4) longer than broad (Fig. 2F, G), length from acute anterior apex to suture between fourth and fifth sternites about 2/3 greatest width of fourth sternite (including episternites), sternopleonal depression in fourth sternite not unusually sculpted or excavate to accommodate first gonopod tips below flexed pleon, median line originating from triangular depression at posterior of fourth sternite, narrowing to smooth very shallow groove bisecting fourth sternite, becoming obsolete to anterior; fifth sternite with small granuliform tubercle (part of press-button locking system) to each side of sternopleonal depression, each centered near 3/5 of distance from sixth sternite to fourth sternite; fourth and fifth episternites narrowly angular, subtruncate to anterior, subacutely rounded to posterior, sixth and seventh episternites slightly broader and more rounded posteriorly, eighth sternite exposed only in subquadrate gap between lateral margin of flexed second pleonite and pereopod 5 coxa, exposure narrowly extending to anterior of condyle on pereopod 5 coxa. Pleon of male (Fig. 2F, G) with third through fifth pleonites fused, first pleonite widest at articulation with carapace, rounded to articulation with second; second pleonite widest proximally near articulation with first, narrowing distally; fused third through fifth pleonites widest at lateral flange of third, weakly sinuous laterally, narrowing distally, width at articulation with sixth pleonite about half that at wide flange of third, vestiges of sutures between fused pleonites obscure; sixth pleonite subrectangular, slightly broadened distally before articulation with telson; telson subtriangularly rounded, widest in proximal third. Male first gonopod tip (Fig. 2H, I) of highly modified panopeid form, subterminal tooth triangular, terminal lobes not well-separated to produce trifid appearance typical of most panopeid crabs, trunk in distal 1/4 of pleonal side bearing elongate field of heavy, rounded tubercles and granules extending to base of triangular subterminal tooth, distolateral margin bearing several stiff setae proximal to terminal lobes. Penis emerging from pore on mesial surface of pereopod 5 coxa concealed beneath seventh episternite, extending beneath lateral flange formed by base of first gonopod. Male second gonopod less than one-third length of first gonopod, narrowing to subacute tip bearing several subterminal setae (Fig. 2J). Color. The carapace and pereopods are primarily golden brown to pale orange in presently limited materials, most dorsal surfaces being speckled with scattered dark reddish brown spots (Fig. 3A–C). The pigment is overall darker on upper surfaces of chelipeds and ambulatory legs of larger specimens, especially the holotype, which is the largest. White borders the margins of most pereopod joints, and a distinct white spot is developed on the upper distal propodus on the cheliped, positioned immediately proximal to articulation of the movable finger. Fingers of the chelae vary in color from horn to reddish brown, with lighter tips. All pigmentation is pale in the most immature specimen. Etymology. The species name is assigned in recognition of Klaus Ruetzler, world authority on marine sponge biology, who also led the establishment of the Smithsonian Marine Field Station at Carrie Bow Cay, Belize and for many years directed the Caribbean Coral Reef Ecosystems (CCRE) program based there. His encouragement and support of collaborators and colleagues brought many to focus years of work in Belize, including the senior author of this paper. Size. Carapace widths ranged from 5.2 mm in the small female paratype to 9.9 mm in the male holotype. Distribution. At present known only from tropical waters in the vicinity of South Water Cay and Twin Cays along the barrier reef of Belize. Habitat. Thus far known from only high salinity shallow subtidal calcareous sand habitats (1–4 m depth), occupying dead gastropod shells on wash-over fans and back-reef flats of coral reefs, sometimes between patches of turtle grass and sponges. Remarks. Systematic and taxonomic studies of western Atlantic panopeid crabs have been advanced over recent decades through detailed comparative studies of male gonopods (Guinot 1967, 1968, 1969a –c, 1971, 1978, 1990; Martin & Abele 1986; Felder & Martin 2003). However, the advent of molecular genetic analyses has provided yet another powerful tool of particular value in understanding of phylogenetic relationships among otherwise very similar appearing panopeid crabs (Schubart et al. 2000, Thoma et al. 2009; Thoma et al. 2014; Felder & Thoma 2020). Thoma et al. (2014: 98), on the basis of molecular genetic analyses, concluded that confirmed membership of Hexapanopeus s.s. was restricted to very few species, with the only two named species at that time being the western Atlantic H. angustifrons and H. paulensis Rathbun, 1930. Their analysis also included several undescribed lineages, one of which is herein represented by H. klausruetzleri n. sp. Morphologically, mature males of both the previously described congeners differ markedly in first gonopod morphology from that found in Hexapanopeus klausruetzeri n. sp. (Fig. 2H, I), the first gonopods of H. paulensis and H. angustifrons having been previously illustrated by Williams (1965: figs 183D, E). Unfortunately, no mature female specimens of H. klausruetzleri n. sp. are presently available for description and comparative study of the fully developed female gonopore, a character that can also be of utility in panopeid crab separations. However, the previously described species of both sexes differ from H. klausruetzleri n. sp. in having a carapace front that is more truncate than arcuate, and in having the first and second anterolateral teeth distinctly separated (Williams 1965: figs 170, 171) rather than weakly defined to either side of a shallow depression (Fig. 1A, B). In addition, the anterolateral teeth are overall more angular and the carpus of the major cheliped is more roughly sculptured in both of the previously described species than in H. klausruetzleri n. sp. Sculpting of the major cheliped carpus in H. paulensis is especially distinct, with its dorsal surface typically bearing 8–15 well-defined knoblike tubercles. Sculpting of the carpus in H. angustifrons, while much less pronounced than in H. paulensis, is at least somewhat rougher than in H. klausruetzleri n. sp., the species to which it has a close sister relationship in molecular genetic analyses (Thoma et al. 2014). It appears that morphological separation of the closely related tropical Hexapanopeus klausruetzleri n. sp. and warm-temperate H. angustifrons can also be based upon additional characters, though presently limited material of the new species limits knowledge of their variability. Available specimens of H. klausruetzleri n. sp., exhibit stronger dentition of the cheliped merus, with its superolateral margin armed by row of denticles, some of which are grouped to form serrate teeth that are especially enlarged and sharply serrate on the major cheliped (Fig. 1F). By contrast, this margin in H. angustifrons is armed by a low ridge ending in a blunt triangular tooth distally, bearing at most a low tubercle and one or two very weak subacute teeth along its length (TAMU/TCWC 2-2789). Additionally, H. klausruetzleri n. sp. is overall smoother in texture and ornamentation of the pereopods than is H. angustifrons. This is especially evident in the better-defined and more coarsely granulate carpal ridges in H. angustifrons, both on the chelipeds and the ambulatory pereopods (though not depicted in detail by Williams 1965: fig. 170). The broadly angular, rounded, to subrectangular shape of the anterolateral carapace dentition in Hexapanopeus klausruetzleri n. sp. is somewhat similar to that seen in subadult to adult stages of Eurypanopeus abbreviatus (Stimpson, 1860), E. ater Rathbun, 1930, and Panopeus americanus Saussure, 1857. In both E. abbreviatus and E. ater, the carapace anterolateral teeth are more consistently evident as shallow lobes, with the third being distinctly subrectangular and most of its lateral margin straight, while the anterior and posterior ends form rounded corners. By contrast, the anterol
Стратегии конструирования идентичности в мусульманском хип-хопе. Разносторонний анализ творчества немецкого рэпера Сахиры
No full textThe aim of Nadja Thoma's paper is to explore how young Muslim artists construct identity within contemporary hip-hop culture in Germany. Using the example of the rapper Sahira,the author focuses on the following questions: Which strategies are used to express religious identities in hip-hop? Which modifications of the traditional hip-hop culture can be observed within and through elements of Muslim culture and religion? The data used in the paper ranges from visual resources (a CD cover and the logo of the record label) to song lyrics and interview excerpts.In the first section of her paper the author offers an orientation towards hip-hop culture, introducing a number of important cultural concepts for the successive discussion. Then she provides an overview of discussions about the permissivity of music, especially hip-hop andIslam. Finally, Thoma deals with identity construction in German hip-hop culture and discusses of how cultural and religious identity is constructed in the work of the German rapper Sahira. At the conclusion, Nadja Thoma states, that multimodal analysis shows that German Muslim rap is the achievement of a recontextualization process, wherein a global cultural model has been adapted to a specific audience in a different reception country. Beyond the mere use of different languages as markers for ethnic belonging, Sahira uses religious visual codes and linguistic phrases in order to transgress ethnic differences and monocultural, monoreligious or Islamophobic conceptions which, in her opinion, could restrict communication. Furthermore, the different visual and linguistic elements are a demonstration of Sahira's ability to insert new elements into the existing hip-hop culture, one of the abilities which label someone a good and real rapper.Надя Тома анализирует в своей статье способы конструирования мусульманской идентичности средствами современной молодежной культуры на примере немецкой хип-хоп-исполнительницы палестинского происхождения Сахиры. Констатируя широкое распространение альтернативной музыкальной культуры, в частности хип-хопа в субкультуре молодых мусульман Германии, автор задается вопросом, какие стратегии используют современные мусульманские рэперы для выражения своей конфессиональной идентичности, как модифицируются стандарты хип-хоп-культуры в преломлении исполнителей мусульман и в соединении с элементами традиционной исламской культуры и религии. Исследуя обширную дискографию немецкого хип-хопа, Тома демонстрирует, что взаимодействие ислама и хип-хопа носит обоюдный характер, что выражается в росте числа принимающих ислам рэперов немусульманского происхождения. Рассматривая пример Сахиры как case-study, исследовательница приходит к выводу, что в этом примере проявляется процесс «реконтекстуализации», когда глобальная культурная модель (в данном случае, музыкальный стиль) адаптируется к потребностям специфической мусульманской аудитории отдельной страны. При этом религиозная символика и знаковая система используется как для преодоления этнолингивистических различий разных групп аудитории исполнителя, так и для разрушения монокультуралистских и исламофобских стереотипов германского общества. Таким образом, Сахира утверждает себя не только как истинная мусульманка, но и как «реальный» рэпер
Institutional Complementarity and Inventive Performance in Nanotechnology
No full textAcademics and policy makers are investigating the relations between science and technology in the emerging field of Nano Science and Technology (NST) and the effectiveness of different institutional regimes. We use multiple indicators to analyze the performance of inventors working in NST. We clustered patents into three groups according to the scientific curricula of the inventors. The first group consists of patents whose inventors are all authors of at least one scientific publication in NST, while the second is made up of patents invented by individuals who have no scientific publication in the field. Thirdly, we isolated those patents that have at least one inventor who is also author of at least one scientific publication in NST. The underlining presumption of this classification is that of a proxy of different institutional complementarities of inventive collective action in NST
Gain Calibration of the Upgraded ALICE TPC
No full textFor the upcoming Run 3 of the LHC at CERN, the interaction rate of lead-lead collisions will be increased to 50kHz . Especially for the main detector of the ALICE experiment, the TPC, this is a major challenge, as its previous readout rate was limited to a few 100Hz. The two main reasons for this limitation were the gas amplification stage and the used readout electronics. Therefore, the gas amplification stage, which was based on a multi-wire proportional chamber, was exchanged with a GEM-based amplification stage. In addition, the readout electronics were also exchanged. With this upgraded setup, a trigger-less operation of the TPC becomes possible, resulting in a continuous readout without dead time. It is therefore well suited to operate at lead-lead interaction rates of 50kHz.
One of the main goals of this work is the calibration of the effective gain of the upgraded ALICE TPC. For this, two different methods were used. The first one is based on an X-ray tube which irradiates the active volume of the TPC, the second one on the gaseous and radioactive isotope 83mKr, which is injected into the TPC. With the results of these measurements, a coarse gain equalisation could be performed, during which the electric potentials of the GEM stacks were adjusted such that the average gain was equalised. In a further analysis, the relative effective gain for each of the 524160 readout channels was determined in an iterative process. This information is needed to correct software-wise for the static variations of the effective gain (e.g. due to variations of the hole sizes in a GEM foil). After applying this calibration to measured data, one can quantify key parameters of the detector, for example the energy resolution. Furthermore, it is possible to calibrate dynamic variations of the effective gain, which are caused for example by variations of temperature and pressure or by the electrostatic charging-up of the GEM foils.
Understanding the latter effect is the second main goal of this work. In order to analyse the charging-up effect in GEM foils, two approaches were pursued. The first one is an iterative simulation of the effect with the usage of the framework Garfield++, in which electrons and ions can be tracked microscopically. The measurements of the charging-up effect with a dedicated detector is the second approach. Three different measurement methods were used to quantify the charging-up effect. The first one is based on the measurement of electric currents which are induced on the readout plane. The second one relies on the measurement of 55Fe spectra with a single GEM, while in the third measurement method, a second amplification stage, a MicroMegas, was added.Der LHC am CERN wird in der kommenden Betriebsperiode eine Interaktionsrate von Blei-Blei Kollisionen von 50kHz erreichen. Insbesondere für den wichtigsten Detektor des ALICE Experiments, die TPC, stellt dies eine große Herausforderung dar, da die bisherige Ausleserate auf einige 100Hz limitiert war. Die beiden Hauptgründe für die Limitierung waren zum einen die Funktionsweise der Gasverstärkungsstufe und die Ausleseelektronik zum anderen. Daher wurde die Gasverstärkungsstufe, die auf einer Vieldrahtkammer basierte, durch eine GEM-basierte Verstärkungsstufe ersetzt und die Ausleseelektronik wurde ebenfalls ersetzt. Mit diesen Anpassungen kann die TPC nun kontinuierlich betrieben werden und ist damit gerüstet für eine Interaktionsrate von Blei-Blei Kollisionen von 50kHz.
Ein Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Kalibrierung der effektiven Verstärkung der aufgerüsteten ALICE TPC. Dafür wurden zwei Methoden genutzt. Die erste Methode basiert auf der Bestrahlung des aktiven Volumens durch eine Röntgenröhre, die zweite Methode auf dem gasförmigen und radioaktiven Isotop 83mKr, welches in die TPC geleitet wird. Mit den Ergebnissen der Messungen wurde zunächst eine grobe Kalibrierung der einzelnen Auslesekammern der TPC vorgenommen. Dabei wurde die durchschnittliche Verstärkung der einzelnen Auslesekammern aneinander angepasst. In einem nächsten Schritt wurde dann die relative Verstärkung für jeden der 524160 Auslesekanäle in einem iterativen Prozess ermittelt. Diese Information wird benötigt um die statischen Variationen der Verstärkung (z.B. durch Variation der Lochdurchmesser innerhalb der GEM-Folien) softwareseitig zu korrigieren. Wendet man nun die Kalibrierung auf die gemessenen Daten an, so kann man Aussagen über wichtige Betriebsparameter, wie zum Beispiel die Energieauflösung, treffen. Des Weiteren können mit den durchgeführten Messungen dynamische Variationen der effektiven Verstärkung kalibriert werden, zum Beispiel durch Änderung von Druck und Temperatur, aber auch durch elektrostatische Aufladungseffekte in GEM-Folien.
Der letztgenannte Effekt bildet den zweiten Schwerpunkt dieser Arbeit. Der Aufladungseffekten in GEM-Folien wurde mit zwei verschiedenen Ansätzen untersucht. Der erste Ansatz ist die iterative Simulation des Effekts mit Hilfe des Frameworks Garfield++, mit dem die Bewegungen von Elektronen und Ionen mikroskopisch analysiert wurden. Die Vermessung des Effekts mit einem eigens dafür aufgebauten Detektor bildet den zweiten Ansatz. Hier wurden drei unterschiedliche Messmethoden genutzt, um den Aufladungseffekt zu untersuchen. Die erste Methode basiert auf der Messung von elektrischen Strömen, die auf der Auslesefläche induziert werden, die zweite Methode auf der Messung von 55Fe Spektren, die mit einer einzelnen GEM-Folie aufgenommen wurden, und die dritte Methode ebenfalls auf der Vermessung von 55Fe Spektren, dieses Mal jedoch mit einer zusätzlichen Verstärkungsstufe, einer MicroMegas
Aposphragisma menzi Thoma 2014, sp. nov.
No full textAposphragisma menzi Thoma, sp. nov. (Figs. 28–31) Type material. HOLOTYPE: male (PBI_OON 00031389), Kalimantan (INDONESIA), Berau District, near Kampung Suaran, c. 40 km S of Tanjungredeb, 50 m [01°59′42′′N 117°36′03′′E; prov.], 1.X.2008, primary forest on limestone, leg. P. Schwendinger, deposited at MHNG. PARATYPES: 2 males & 1 female (PBI_OON 00031380), collected together with male holotype, deposited at MHNG; 1 male (PBI_OON 00031381), Kalimanta(INDONESIA), Berau District, Hutan Wisata Sei Tangap, c. 8 km W of Tanjungredeb, 30 m [02°08′04′′N 117°24′39′′E; prov.], 2.X.2008, primary forest, leg. P. Schwendinger, deposited at AMNH; 1 male & 1 female (PBI_OON 00031388), collected with paratype PBI_OON 00031381, deposited at MHNG; 1 female (PBI_OON 00031390; abdomen used for examination of internal genitalia), Kalimantan (INDONESIA), Berau District, 1 km off road Tanjungredeb to Tanjungselor, c. 45 km N of Tanjungredeb, 190 m [02°29′33′′N 117°28′46′′E, prov.], 29.IX./ 3.X.2008, primary forest, leg. P. Schwendinger, deposited at MHNG; 2 males & 1 female (PBI_OON 00031391), collected together with paratype (PBI_OON 00031390), deposited at NMBE; 1 male (PBI_OON 00031403), collected together with paratype (PBI_OON 00031390), deposited at MHNG. Non-type material. 1 male (PBI_OON 00031382; used for SEM), collected together with paratype (PBI_OON 00031390), deposited at MHNG. Etymology. The species epithet is dedicated to Dr. Myles H. M. Menz (*1982), an Australian zoologist, botanist and conservation biologist whose friendship and scientific work is highly admired by the first author. Diagnosis. A. menzi sp. nov. belongs to the stripe-clade and can be distinguished from other species of this clade by the combination of the following traits: carapace without spikes; carapace margin with blunt denticles, sluice (slu) restricted to posterior margin (Fig. 28D); epigastric scutum in females posterolaterally with a row of longitudinal ridges (lr) (Fig. 31F). It is the only species of the stripe-clade showing a completely smooth carapace surface (Figs. 28D, H). Description. Description based on 9 males and 4 females. MALE. With the characters of the genus except as noted. Body length 1.27–1.38 mm (n=9), carapace length 0.61–0.65 mm (n=9). Sclerotized parts uniformly coloured orange-brown, close to colour 340 ‘robin rufous’; legs slightly paler than body, pale orange. Habitus: Figs. 28 A–C. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace: entire surface smooth (Figs. 28 A–D, H); posterolateral surface without spikes; posterior edge of pars cephalica with slightly stronger modified hair bases, appearing as small denticles (Fig. 28D); carapace margin with sluice (slu) restricted to posterior margin, with blunt denticles (Fig. 28D). Eyes: posterior eye-row straigth from above, procurved from front; ALE largest, separated by their radius to diameter; ALE-PLE separated by less than ALE radius; PME touching throughout most of their length; PLE-PME separated by less than PME radius. Sternum coarsely ornamented except rather broad smooth median stripe (Figs. 28 E–G); posterior margin with broad single extension, covered with blunt denticles (Figs. 28 E–G); setae appearing slightly plumose at SEM level (Fig. 29A). Pleura: surface smooth with pairs of large pits dorsally of each coxa I, II and III (as in A. brunomanseri sp. nov., cf fig. 10B). Mouthparts: chelicerae posterior margin of inner surface proximally modified to a ridge with median slit, covering about 2/3 of margin length, distally ending in a rounded ‘knob’ (Fig. 29D); promargin with row of flattened setae (rfs) in combination with plumose setae (Figs. 29 D–E), distally extending into a short inwards pointing tooth-like projection (tlp) (Figs. 28H, 29D); anterior face of paturon in lateral view subbasally with slight indention (ind) (Fig. 28C). Endites distally with brush of special wing-like setae (ws) on inner margin (Figs. 29 B–C), outer margin subdistally with a pair of rather long inward bent plumose setae (ebs) (Fig. 29B). ABDOMEN. Book lung covers (bc) large, elliptical to dumbbell or pear-shaped (sides slightly concave), about 3–4 times longer than wide (Fig. 29F). Epigastric scutum dorsally with widely oval subterminal ridge (sr) (Fig. 29F). Postepigastric scutum long, semicircular, with long posteriorly directed lateral apodemes (lap) (Fig. 29G). Setae appearing slightly plumose at SEM level. GENITALIA. Epigastric region: sperm pore situated between anterior and posterior spiracles (Fig. 29G). Palp: basal segments lighter in colour than rest of body; bulb rather stout, tapering apically (Figs. 31 A–D). Embolus (em) tip spatulate (Figs. 31C, E); embolic spine (esp) with fringed tip (Fig. 31E). Conductor (con) with slender tip (Figs. 31C, E). Embolus-conductor-complex about half as long as bulb. FEMALE. As in male except as noted. Body length 1.47–1.52 mm (n=4), carapace length 0.66–0.67 mm (n=4). Epigastric scutum posterolaterally with a row of longitudinal ridges (lr) (Fig. 31F). GENITALIA. Dorsal view (Figs. 31 F–G): receptaculum (re) triangular shaped with rounded posterior edge, laterally framed by long rectangular sclerites i.e. lateral apodemes (lap); apodemes distally weakly sclerotized and thus looking rather short in ventral view at stereomicroscope level; globular appendix (gap) lying dorsally of receptaculum about half as long as receptaculum; lateral and median part of receptaculum dorsally covered with papillae (pap); a transverse sclerite (ts) anteriorly to the receptaculum not observed, maybe lost during preparation. Intraspecific variation. Body size variable (see above). Three males show honey-yellow colouration. Number of denticles on carapace margin varies. Extension of smooth median stripe on sternum slightly variable but never less than about 2/3 of sternum length. Distribution. NE-Kalimantan, INDONESIA (Fig. 49).Published as part of THOMA, MARCO, KRANZ-BALTENSPERGER, YVONNE, KROPF, CHRISTIAN, GRABER, WERNER, NENTWIG, WOLFGANG & FRICK, HOLGER, 2014, The new Southeast Asian goblin spider genus Aposphragisma (Araneae, Oonopidae): diversity and phylogeny, pp. 1-86 in Zootaxa 3798 (1) on pages 46-50, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3798.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/443186
Interdisciplinarietà e oggettività di metodo nell'approccio alla Commedia
No full textL’A. intende adottare in questo saggio un metodo di indagine ‘oggettivo’, coerente con la concezione filosofica dell’arte contemporanea a Dante, secondo il quale è l’oggetto di studio, la sua evidenza materiale e la cultura da cui è germinato a indicare la modalità più adeguata a studiarlo. La storia evolutiva della poesia precedente porta a individuare come fondamentale il problema del rapporto tra cose da dire e veicolo espressivo, che Dante precisa nel senso di un chiarimento e approfondimento di significato delle parole della poesia d’amore. Sulla scorta di passaggi scritturali e, soprattutto, della Vita nova, questo sembra costituire il punto di svolta della poesia dantesca rispetto a quella degli autori precedenti.The author’s method in this essay is meant to be “objective”, that is, consistent with the philosophical conception of art at Dante’s time. According to this, it is the object of study itself, with its material evidence and originating culture, that determines the most adequate mode of investigation. The evolution of previous poetry points out as essential the relationship between argument and mode of expression, relationship which Dante defines as clarification and deepening of the meaning of love poetry’s vocabulary. On the basis of scriptural passages and, most of all, of the Vita nova, this appears to be the turning point of Dante’s poetry with respect to previous authors.Die Verfasserin dieses Beitrags versucht eine objektive, mit der philosophischen Kunstauffassun der Dantezeit korrespondierende Untersuchungsmethode anzuwenden, die der Annahme folgt, dass der Untersuchungsgegenstand, seine materielle Evidenz und die Kultur, aus der er hervorgegangen ist, die ihm selbst angemessenste Untersuchungsweise anzeigen. Die Entwicklung der Dichtung vor Dante lasst erkennbar werden, dass das zentrale ihr zugrunde liegende Problem die Beziehung zwischen Ausdrucksintention und sprachlichen Mitteln ist, welches Dante in Richtung einer Prazisierung und Vertiefung der Bedeutungsebene in der dichterischen Rede uber die Liebe zuspitzt. Angesichts bestimmter Stellen der Heiligen Schrift und vor allem der Vita nova erscheint es als plausibel, dass sich - vor dem Hintergrund der Dichtung seiner Vorlaufer - genau darin Dantes Wende manifestiert
Scientific and technological regimes in nanotechnology: Combinatorial inventors and performance
Get PDFAcademics and policy makers are questioning about the relation between science and technology in the emerging field of nano science and technology (NST) and the effectiveness of different institutional regimes. We analyze the performance of inventors in the NST using multiple indicators. We clustered patents in three groups according to the scientific curricula of the inventors. The first two groups are composed by patents whose inventors all are authors of at least one scientific publication in the NST or none of them have obtained a scientific publication in that field respectively. Thirdly, we isolated those patents that have at least one inventor, who is also author of at least one scientific publication in the NST. The underlining presumption of this classification is that of a proxy of different institutional complementarities of the inventive collective action in NST
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