15 research outputs found
Boron-Doped Nanocrystalline Diamond–Carbon Nanospike Hybrid Electron Emission Source
No full textElectron emission signifies an important mechanism facilitating the enlargement of devices that have modernized large parts of science and technology. Today, the search for innovative electron emission devices for imaging, sensing, electronics, and high-energy physics continues. Integrating two materials with dissimilar electronic properties into a hybrid material is an extremely sought-after synergistic approach, envisioning a superior field electron emission (FEE) material. An innovation is described regarding the fabrication of a nanostructured carbon hybrid, resulting from the one-step growth of boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond (BNCD) and carbon nanospikes (CNSs) by a microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique. Spectroscopic and microscopic tools are used to investigate the morphological, bonding, and microstructural characteristics related to the growth mechanism of these hybrids. Utilizing the benefits of both the sharp edges of the CNSs and the high stability of BNCD, promising FEE performance with a lower turn-on field of 1.3 V/mu m, a higher field enhancement factor of 6780, and a stable FEE current stability lasting for 780 min is obtained. The microplasma devices utilizing these hybrids as a cathode illustrate a superior plasma illumination behavior. Such hybrid carbon nanostructures, with superb electron emission characteristics, can encourage the enlargement of several electron emission device technologies.This work is supported by the Flemish Methusalem "NANO" network, the Polish National Science Center (NCN) under Grant No. 2016/21/B/ST7/01430, 2015/17/D/ST5/02571, the National Center for Science and Development Grant Techmatstrateg No. 347324 and Foundation for Polish Science grant number POIR.04.04.00-00-1644/18 and the Institute for Basic Science [IBS-R004]. The DS funds of the Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics of the Gdansk University of Technology are also acknowledged.Sankaran, KJ; Haenen, K (reprint author), Hasselt Univ, Inst Mat Res IMO, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium, IMEC Vzw, IMOMEC, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
[email protected]; [email protected]
*Corresponding author
No full textAbstract: We consider the broadcasting problem in sensor networks where the nodes have no prior knowledge of their neighbourhood. We describe several Area-based Beaconless Broadcasting Algorithms (ABBAs). In 2D, on receiving the packet (together with geographic coordinates of the sender), each node calculates the ratio P of its perimeter, along the circle of transmission radius, that is not covered by this and previous transmissions of the same packet. The node then sets or updates its timeout to be inversely proportional to P. If the perimeter becomes fully covered, the node cancels retransmissions. Otherwise, it retransmits at the end of the timeout interval. The protocol is reliable, that is, all nodes, connected to the source, are guaranteed to receive the packet, assuming an ideal MAC layer. We also describe three 3D-ABBAs, one of them being reliable. These three protocols are based on covering three projections, covering particular points on intersection circles and covering intersection points of three spheres. Our protocols are the first reliable broadcasting protocols, other than blind flooding
Single-step grown boron doped nanocrystalline diamond-carbon nanograss hybrid as an efficient supercapacitor electrode
No full textDirect synthesis of a nano-structured carbon hybrid consisting of vertically aligned carbon nanograsses on top of boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond is demonstrated and the carbon hybrid is further applied as an electrode material for the fabrication of supercapacitors. The hybrid film combines the dual advantages of sp(2) (carbon nanograss) and sp(3) (nanocrystalline diamond) bonded carbon, possessing not only the excellent electrical characteristics of sp(2) carbon but also the exceptional electrochemical stability of sp(3) carbon. As a result, the specific capacitance of the as-prepared hybrid material reaches up to 0.4 F cm(-2), one of the highest reported in diamond-based supercapacitors. The entire electrochemical results exhibit enhanced electron transfer efficiency with remarkable stability of 95% of capacitance retention even after 10 000 cycles.The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Hasselt University Special Research Fund (BOF), the Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO), and the Methusalem NANO network. DB, SSR, and AK would like to thank Dr. S. A. Khan from IUAC, New Delhi for his kind support in performing SEM measurement.Roy, SS (corresponding author), Shiv Nadar Univ, Sch Nat Sci, Dept Phys, NH-91, Gautam Buddha Nagar 201314, Uttar Pradesh, India.
[email protected]
Energy efficiency in ad-hoc wireless networks
No full textIn ad-hoc wireless networks, nodes are typically battery-powered, therefore energy limitations are among the critical constraints in ad-hoc wireless networks' development. The approaches investigated in this thesis to achieve energy efficient performance in wireless networks
can be grouped into three main categories.
1. Each wireless network node has four energy consumption states: transmitting, receiving, listening and sleeping states. The power consumed in the listening state is less than the power consumed in the transmitting and receiving states, but significantly greater than that in the sleeping state. Energy efficiency is achieved if as many nodes as possible are put into the sleeping states.
2) Since energy is consumed for transmission nonlinearly in terms of the transmission range, transmission range adjustment is another energy saving approach. In this work, the optimal transmission range is derived and applied to achieve energy efficient performance in a number of scenerios.
3) Since energy can be saved properly arranging the communication algorithms, network topology management or network routing is the third approach which can be utilised in combination with the above two approaches. In this work, Geographical Adaptive Fidelity (GAF) algorithms, clustering algorithms and Geographic Routing (GR) algorithms are all utilised to reduce the energy consumption of wireless networks, such as Sensor Networks and Vehicular Networks.
These three approaches are used in this work to reduce the energy consumption of wireless networks. With the GAF algorithm. We derived the optimal transmission range and optimal grid size in both linear and rectangular networks and as a result we show how the network energy consumptions can be reduced and how the network lifetime can be prolonged. With Geographic Routing algorithms the author
proposed the Optimal Range Forward (ORF) algorithm and Optimal Forward with Energy Balance (OFEB) algorithm to reduce the energy consumption and to prolong the network lifetime. The results show that compared to the traditional GR algorithms (Most Forward within Radius, Nearest Forward Progress), the network lifetime is prolonged. Other approaches have also been considered to improve the networks's energy efficient operation utilising Genetic Algorithms to find the optimal size of the grid or cluster. Furthermore realistic physical layer models, Rayleigh fading and LogNormal fading, are considered in evaluating energy efficiency in a realistic network environment
Enhanced susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD protein assay targeted by cellular receptors ACE2 and CD147: Multivariate data analysis of multisine impedimetric response
No full textSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) enters the cells through the binding of spike protein to the host cell surface-expressing angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) or by endocytosis mediated by extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (CD147). We present extended statistical studies of the multisine dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (DEIS) revealing interactions between Spike RBD and cellular receptors ACE2 and CD147, and a reference anti-RBD antibody (IgG2B) based on a functionalised boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode. The DEIS was supported by a multivariate data analysis of a SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD assay and cross-correlated with the atomic-level information revealed by molecular dynamics simulations. This approach allowed us to study and detect subtle changes in the electrical properties responsible for the susceptibility of cellular receptors to SARS-CoV-2, revealing their interactions. Changes in electrical homogeneity in the function of the RBD concentration led to the conclusion that the ACE2 receptor delivers the most homogeneous surface, delivered by the high electrostatic potential of the relevant docking regions. For higher RBD concentrations, the differences in electrical homogeneity between electrodes with different receptors vanish. Collectively, this study reveals interdependent virus entry pathways involving separately ACE2, CD147, and spike protein, as assessed using a biosensing platform for the rapid screening of cellular interactions (i.e. testing various mutations of SARS-CoV-2 or screening of therapeutic drugs)
Extract from the Library's Main Catalog
No full textThe data set is based on the main catalog of the library. Currently, the following fields are extracted:
title
author (+ optional GND ID)
publisher
place of publication
country of publication
The extract has been created by the processPicaPlus script available here. However, some special characters might not have been extracted correctly in version 0.1.0.
Change Log:
0.2.0 fixes various encoding issues for non-ASCII characters
Dataset Characteristics
The following languages are available in separate data files:
eng
ger
lat
fre
ita
spa
por
dut
swe
dan
nor
ice
fry
The other languages are present in the data set but have not been separated, i.e., they are combined in one data file:
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Publisher Correction: Gene expression imputation across multiple brain regions provides insights into schizophrenia risk
No full textCorrection to: Nature Genetics https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-019-0364-4, published online 25 March 2019.
In the HTML version of the article originally published, the author group ‘The Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium’ was displayed incorrectly. The error has been corrected in the HTML version of the article.No Full Tex
Cutaneous non-tuberculous Mycobacterial infections: A clinical and histopathological study of 17 cases from Lebanon
No full textBackground Only a few studies characterized cutaneous non-tuberculous Mycobacterium (NTM) infections in this region of the world. Objective The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and histological findings of cutaneous NTM infections in Lebanon. Patients-Methods Retrospective study of 17 patients (19 histological specimens) diagnosed with cutaneous NTM infections and confirmed by culture-based partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene at the American University of Beirut Medical Center between 2005 and 2008. Results Of 17 cases, 14 were caused by Mycobacterium marinum. All patients were immunocompetent except for one. Clinically, the most common presentation was multiple sporotrichoid lesions over an extremity (8-17). Many patients had peculiar presentations including bruise-like patches, herpetiform lesions, annular ulcerated plaques, symmetrical nodules over the buttocks and locally disseminated lesions with surrounding pale halo. Almost all patients cleared their infection on either minocycline or clarithromycin monotherapies. Histologically, a dermal small vessel proliferation with mixed inflammation (granulation tissue-like changes) was identified in 58percent of specimens. The most common type of granulomatous inflammation was the suppurative (47percent) followed by the tuberculoid (30percent), sarcoidal (11percent), and palisading (5percent) types. Lichenoid granulomatous dermatitis was noted in 42percent of cases. Special staining highlighted mycobacteria in only two specimens. Conclusions The incidence of cutaneous NTM infections is high in our area. Many patients had peculiar clinical presentations. Our study is the second to report the common presence of granulation tissue-like changes as a good histological indicator of cutaneous NTM infections. Minocycline and clarithromycin remain the drugs of choice in our area. © 2010 European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology.Ang P, 2000, INT J DERMATOL, V39, P343, DOI 10.1046-j.1365-4362.2000.00916.x; Aubry A, 2002, ARCH INTERN MED, V162, P1746, DOI 10.1001-archinte.162.15.1746; Barr KL, 2003, AM J DERMATOPATH, V25, P148, DOI 10.1097-00000372-200304000-00009; Bartralot R, 2000, J CUTAN PATHOL, V27, P124, DOI 10.1034-j.1600-0560.2000.027003124.x; Bartralot R, 2005, BRIT J DERMATOL, V152, P727, DOI 10.1111-j.1365-2133.2005.06519.x; Breza TS, 2006, J CUTAN PATHOL, V33, P512, DOI 10.1111-j.1600-0560.2006.00474.x; Cai L, 2006, CHINESE MED J-PEKING, V119, P43; Collina G, 2002, BRIT J DERMATOL, V147, P781, DOI 10.1046-j.1365-2133.2002.04903.x; Dodiuk-Gad R, 2007, J AM ACAD DERMATOL, V57, P413, DOI 10.1016-j.jaad.2007.01.042; Ena P, 2001, INT J DERMATOL, V40, P495, DOI 10.1046-j.1365-4362.2001.01221.x; GLUCKMAN SJ, 1995, CLIN DERMATOL, V13, P273, DOI 10.1016-0738-081X(95)00023-9; Petrini B, 2006, Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, V25, P609, DOI 10.1007-s10096-006-0201-4; Santa Cruz D J, 1982, Hum Pathol, V13, P485, DOI 10.1016-S0046-8177(82)80032-4; Schulz S, 2005, MODERN PATHOL, V18, P274, DOI 10.1038-modpathol.3800289; Song H, 2009, AM J DERMATOPATH, V31, P227, DOI 10.1097-DAD.0b013e318196187a; Teo RYL, 2008, ACTA DERM-VENEREOL, V88, P625, DOI 10.2340-00015555-0497; Uslan DZ, 2006, ARCH DERMATOL, V142, P1287, DOI 10.1001-archderm.142.10.1287810
Common Variants on Xq28 Conferring Risk of Schizophrenia in Han Chinese
No full textSchizophrenia is a highly heritable, severe psychiatric disorder affecting approximately 1% of the world population. A substantial portion of heritability is still unexplained and the pathophysiology of schizophrenia remains to be elucidated. To identify more schizophrenia susceptibility loci, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on 498 patients with schizophrenia and 2025 controls from the Han Chinese population, and a follow-up study on 1027 cases and 1005 controls. In the follow-up study, we included 384 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which were selected from the top hits in our GWAS (130 SNPs) and from previously implicated loci for schizophrenia based on the SZGene database, NHGRI GWAS Catalog, copy number variation studies, GWAS meta-analysis results from the international Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) and candidate genes from plausible biological pathways (254 SNPs). Within the chromosomal region Xq28, SNP rs2269372 in RENBP achieved genome-wide significance with a combined P value of 3.98×10-8 (OR of allele A = 1.31). SNPs with suggestive P values were identified within 2 genes that have been previously implicated in schizophrenia, MECP2 (rs2734647, P combined = 8.78×10-7, OR = 1.28; rs2239464, P combined = 6.71×10-6, OR = 1.26) and ARHGAP4 (rs2269368, P combined = 4.74×10-7, OR = 1.25). In addition, the patient sample in our follow-up study showed a significantly greater burden for pre-defined risk alleles based on the SNPs selected than the controls. This indicates the existence of schizophrenia susceptibility loci among the SNPs we selected. This also further supports multigenic inheritance in schizophrenia. Our findings identified a new schizophrenia susceptibility locus on Xq28, which harbor the genes RENBP, MECP2, and ARHGAP4. © 2014 The Author
Biological, clinical and population relevance of 95 loci for blood lipids
No full textPlasma concentrations of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides are among the most important risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) and are targets for therapeutic intervention. We screened the genome for common variants associated with plasma lipids in >100,000 individuals of European ancestry. Here we report 95 significantly associated loci (P<5 x 10(-8)), with 59 showing genome-wide significant association with lipid traits for the first time. The newly reported associations include single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near known lipid regulators (for example, CYP7A1, NPC1L1 and SCARB1) as well as in scores of loci not previously implicated in lipoprotein metabolism. The 95 loci contribute not only to normal variation in lipid traits but also to extreme lipid phenotypes and have an impact on lipid traits in three non-European populations (East Asians, South Asians and African Americans). Our results identify several novel loci associated with plasma lipids that are also associated with CAD. Finally, we validated three of the novel genes-GALNT2, PPP1R3B and TTC39B-with experiments in mouse models. Taken together, our findings provide the foundation to develop a broader biological understanding of lipoprotein metabolism and to identify new therapeutic opportunities for the prevention of CAD
