63 research outputs found
Potential production of transparent P CuGa02/ n ZnO Heterojunction thin film Diodes
No full textTransparent electronic is a new frontier in electronic industry. Most transparent semiconducting oxides that are being intensively studied are n-type material such as ZnO ZnO is one of the most promising transparent semiconductor oxide that can be apply in various electronics and optoelectronics devices. However ZnO has n-type conductivity and reported very difficult to obtain p-type of ZnO, which is owing to the lack of suitable p-dopants and many electrons supplies by impurities and lattice defects in ZnO. The development of p-type materials is much desired as this would open up the applications of new transparent devices. Recently, Cu-based oxide semiconductors such as delafossite CuMO (M = AI, Ga, In) have been widely studied for p-type materials using various deposition methods. A CuGa02 film is a promising material for p-typetransparent conducting oxide. Thus, in order to fabricate p-n junction with n- ZnO, delafossite CuGa02 is proposed as p-type material, due to its smaller lattice mismatch with ZnO. In this research ZnO films and CuGa02 films have been fabricated by sputtering method. The optimum deposition parameter for ZnO films and CuGa02 films were Investigated
Growth of CuO and CuGaO<sub>2</sub> Thin Films by Spin-coating Method
No full textABSTRACTCuO and CuGaO2 thin films have been grown on Si (100) substrates using a sol-gel spincoating method. CuO films were successfully fabricated by the annealing around 700°C. At higher temperatures (>800°C), pyramidal CuO islands with 1~2μm in width and 0.4~0.8μm in height were observed. They arranged structures as a straight line parallel to the <110> and <010> directions, which suggests the self-organized growth of CuO pyramidal islands. Delafossite CuGaO2 films were fabricated as well, using Cu-Ga-O mixed solutions with Ga/(Cu+Ga) atomic ratio of 0.5. These results indicate that Cu-based compounds were fabricated by the sol-gel spincoating method.</jats:p
Brainwave analysis for robot movement depending on age and sex differences
No full textA Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is a direct communication pathway between a human and external device. This system is very useful especially for disabled people as their brainwave still can emit electrical activity and can move the machine even with severe motor impairments. This research aims to investigate the brain waves produced by humans in terms of attention level for robot movement based on sex and age category of children (6-12 years), teenagers (18-25 years old) and adult (30 years and over). An Electroencephalography (EEG) device called Neurosky Mindwave Mobile has been used to obtain brainwave signals produced by humans. There were five aspects of robot movement namely forward (F), right (R), left (L), backward (B) and stop (S). From the analysis, the subject is less focus when doing the backward movement compared to another aspect of movements. Based on sex difference, the male has a higher attention level than female in every aspect of movement except for the left movement. The age group that has the highest attention level is teenager and the lowest is adult. It can be concluded that the attention level produced by human varies depending on age and sex difference of the individual itself
Wheelchair controlled by human brainwave using braincomputer interface system for paralyzed patient
No full textIntegrated wheelchair controlled by human brainwave using a brain-computer interface (BCI) system was designed to help disabled people. The invention aims to improve the development of integrated wheelchair using a BCI system, depending on the ability individual brain attention level. An electroencephalography (EEG) device called mindwave mobile plus (MW+) has been employed to obtain the attention value for wheelchair movement, eye blink to change the mode of the wheelchair to move forward (F), to the right (R), backward (B) and to the left (L). Stop mode (S) is selected when doing eyebrow movement as the signal quality value of 26 or 51 is produced. The development of the wheelchair controlled by human brainwave using a BCI system for helping a paralyzed patient shows the efficiency of the brainwave integrated wheelchair and improved using human attention value, eye blink detection and eyebrow movement. Also, analysis of the human attention value in different gender and age category also have been done to improve the accuracy of the brainwave integrated wheelchair. The threshold value for male children is 60, male teenager (70), male adult (40) while for female children is 50, female teenager (50) and female adult (30)
Analysis of Human’s Attention Value in Gender and Age Category using Mindwave Mobile
No full textBrainwave-controlled robot using a Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) system was designed and studied to help people with disabilities, especially for people who suffer from motor disorders such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). BCI is a communication system that does not depend on peripheral nerves and muscles. However, the integrated robot controlled by the human mind has less efficiency due to the different type of brainwaves generated by a user. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the human’s attention value in age and gender category for improving the mind-controlled robot movement. An electroencephalography (EEG) device called Mindwave Mobile is used to get the attention value generated by humans in the different type of gender (male, female) and age category (children, teenager, adult). There are five aspects of thought movement generated by human which is forward (F), right (R), left (L), backward (B) and stop (S). For statistical analysis, the main effect of gender on the attention value was analyzed by using independent sample t-test and the main effect of age category was analyzed by oneway ANOVA test while the interaction effect between these two factors was analyzed by two-way ANOVA test. The results show that male has a higher attention value than female for every aspect of thought movement except for the left and backward movement. This is due to the different size of the frontal lobe in gender. For the age category, the teenager is more focused than children and adult while the adult has the lowest attention value in every aspect of the movement. From the analysis, only in the forward movement shows that there was a significantly different in gender difference while there was no significant difference in the main effect of age category and the interaction effect between the gender and age category on the attention value for every movement. By doing this research, the movement of a mindcontrolled robot can be improved by setting the threshold value depending on the gender and age category of the user
Annealing heat treatment of Poly(triarylamine) (PTAA) thin films deposited using spin coating
No full textPoly(triarylamine) is one of the semiconducting layers and has huge advantages, for example, can dissolve in solvent and stable in ambient condition. In this work, Poly(triarylamine) thin films deposited at different annealing temperature on the glass substrate in order to investigate the dependence of annealing temperature on the optical and structural of the films. The UV-Vis results show that there is a modification in the absorption spectrum of PTAA thin films as the annealed layers where there is an increase in the absorptive with the increase in annealing temperature and the estimated band gap within 3.05-3.14 eV. All PTAA films share the same pattern of XRD with a broad diffraction peak at 22.33-22.85o and result in the better crystallite at 100 oC. The value of the films thickness measured by the profilometer is consistent
FT-Raman investigation of human dental enamel surfaces
No full textFT-Raman spectra of human enamel surfaces from sound, affected (with 1 cavity) and highly affected (with at least 3 cavities) tooth samples were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA). Major differences between the unaffected and affected tooth samples seem to arise from the structural changes along the c-axis of hydroxyapatite, the chief crystalline component of human dental enamel. Based on Fisher index calculations, the most discriminative value was obtained for the intensity of the only Raman active nu 2PO43- (E-1) symmetric deformation mode at 428 cm(-1). Moreover, these changes can be observed through the whole tooth enamel surface, establishing a predisposition to caries correlated to chemical and structural composition of tooth enamel. No spectral changes regarding the CO32- substitution were detected by both nondestructive FT-Raman and FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectroscopy of the powdered teeth samples. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
The Brain Wave Analysis for Robot Movement Using One Electrode
No full textBrain-Computer Interface (BCI) is a system that uses a network of communication between the nervous system of the human brain with machines or robots. Through this system, people will move the machine without using a computer or a member of his body. The system is very useful especially for people with disabilities such as paralysis and stroke. The aim of this project is to create a study conducted on brain waves produced by humans according to age category of children (6-12 years), teenagers (18-22 years old) and adult (30 years and over). A device called Neurosky Mindwave Mobile is a single electroencephalogram (EEG) electrode. Each respondent was required to use the device to test the resulting attention when they were thinking of the robot movements. There were five thoughts of robot movement; forward (F), right (R), left (L), backward (B) and stop (S). The extracted levels from Neurosky ThinkGear software were recorded and set as an input command to move a robot. Through the analysis, the age group that has the highest attention level is teenagers and the lowest is women. It can be concluded that the level of attention that resulted in moving the robot varies according to an individual's age and gender category. Major implications in doing this project were to move the robot using only the power of the mind
- …
