322 research outputs found
Parsigecko ziaiei Safaei-Mahroo, Ghaffari & Anderson 2016
No full textParsigecko ziaiei Safaei-Mahroo, Ghaffari & Anderson, 2016 Parsigecko ziaiei Safaei-Mahroo, Ghaffari & Anderson, 2016: 430. COMMON NAME. — Ziaie’s Pars-Gecko. HOLOTYPE. — CAS 259180. TYPE LOCALITY. — Koh-e Homag, in the Zagros Mountains, Hormozgan Province. DISTRIBUTION. — Only known from the type locality. HABITAT. — Forest steppe habitat. IUCN. — Not evaluated. REFERENCE. — Safaei-Mahroo et al. (2016).Published as part of Eskandarzadeh, Naeimeh, Rastegar-Pouyani, Nasrullah, Rastegar-Pouyani, Eskandar, Fathinia, Behzad, Bahmani, Zahed, Hamidi, Kordiyeh & Gholamifard, Ali, 2018, Annotated checklist of the endemic Tetrapoda species of Iran, pp. 507-537 in Zoosystema 40 (24) on page 515, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2018v40a24, http://zenodo.org/record/433679
Lattice Boltzmann method to simulate convection heat transfer in a microchannelunder heat flux: gravity and inclination angle on slip-velocity
No full textPurpose–The purpose of this paper is to improve the lattice Boltzmann method’s ability to simulate amicroflow under constant heatflux. Design/methodology/approach–Develop the thermal lattice Boltzmann method based on doublepopulation of hydrodynamic and thermal distribution functions. Findings–The buoyancy forces, caused by gravity, can change the hydrodynamic properties of theflow.As a result, the gravity term was included in the Boltzmann equation as an external force, and the equationswere rewritten under new conditions. Originality/value–To the best of the authors’knowledge, the current study is thefirst attempt toinvestigate mixed-convection heat transfer in an inclined microchannel in a slipflow regime
Principle of Nonmaleficence in Islamic Jurisprudence and law and its usage in Biomedical Jurisprudence: Principle of Nonmaleficence in Islamic Jurisprudence and law
No full textBackground and Aim: The principle of nonmaleficence is one of the four principles of bioethics. This principle, along with other principles of bioethics has been set as a moral code and guide in the deployment of new biological technologies, especially new achievements in the medical field. The principle of nonmaleficence states that the use of new technologies should not cause injury to any person of people, human beings, and even nature and animals. This review aims to recognize this principle in the holy religion of Islam that has a very large range and a long history, which is coincided with its emergence and in the Islamic jurisprudence and law it's called the "la-zarar act" (the rule of no harm).
Materials and Methods: In this review, using the keywords of the principle of nonmaleficence, the rule of no harm, self-harm, and to ward off likely harm we searched for relevant literature in interpretations of the Holy Quran, narrative texts, juridical reference texts, and databases of Google Scholar, SID, Magiran, and NoorMags and related articles were studied.
Ethical Considerations: Honesty and ethics have been observed in searching and referencing.
Findings: The principle of nonmaleficence governs over humans' all the personal and social relationships and interactions as an inclusive rule and Islam give veto power to this principle over the other laws and regulations. This principle which is also presented as an ethical principle also includes the principle of nonmaleficence determined in the bioethics of today's global society, but it has quite a different scope and principles.
Conclusion: Based on the principle of nonmaleficence in Islamic Jurisprudence and law and based on wisdom as using medical and biotechnology and testing and research, the human and mankind should not be damaged at all and even if loss or damage is probable, the caution should be made and the harm should be prevented. This principle is general and includes self-harm, too.
*Corresponding Author: Soheila Safaei; Email: [email protected]; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8484-0282
Please cite this article as: Safaei S. Abbasi M. Principle of Nonmaleficence in Islamic Jurisprudence and law and its usage in Biomedical Jurisprudence. Bioeth Health Law J. 2021; 1:1-7 (e19). http://doi.org/10.22037/bhl.v1i1.3817
Spalerosophis microlepis Jan 1865
No full textSpalerosophis microlepis Jan, 1865 Spalerosophis microlepis Jan, 1865: 356. COMMON NAME. — Zebra Snake. LECTOTYPE. — MZUT R1843 TYPE LOCALITY. — Laristan (Larestan), Fars Province (Gholamifard 2011). DISTRIBUTION. — Ilam, Lorestan, Fars, Khuzestan, Hamadan, Markazi, Qom, Kerman, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Kohgiluyeh and BoyerAhmad, and Esfahan (Safaei-Mahroo et al. 2015). HABITAT. — The spices occurs in mountainous areas, foothills, fields, grasslands, and semi-desert regions (Hosseinzadeh et al. 2017). IUCN. — Least concern. REFERENCE. — Jan (1865); Gholamifard (2011); Safaei-Mahroo et al. (2015); Hosseinzadeh et al. (2017). REMARK Presence of this species in Semnan, Yazd, northern Hormozgan and Iraq need to be confirmed (Hosseinzadeh et al. 2017). Family ELAPIDAE Boie, 1827 Genus Bungarus Daudin, 1803 Bungarus persicus Abtin, Nilson, Hosseini, Mobaraki &Published as part of Eskandarzadeh, Naeimeh, Rastegar-Pouyani, Nasrullah, Rastegar-Pouyani, Eskandar, Fathinia, Behzad, Bahmani, Zahed, Hamidi, Kordiyeh & Gholamifard, Ali, 2018, Annotated checklist of the endemic Tetrapoda species of Iran, pp. 507-537 in Zoosystema 40 (24) on page 525, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2018v40a24, http://zenodo.org/record/433679
Mathematical Modeling for Nanofluids Simulation: A Review of the Latest Works
No full textExploiting nanofluids in thermal systems is growing day by day. Nanofluids having ultrafine solid particles promise new working fluids for application in energy devices. Many studies have been conducted on thermophysical properties as well as heat and fluid flow characteristics of nanofluids in various systems to discover their advantages compared to conventional working fluids. The main aim of this study is to present the latest developments and progress in the mathematical modeling of nanofluids flow. For this purpose, a comprehensive review of different nanofluid computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approaches is carried out. This study provides detailed information about the commonly used formulations as well as techniques for mathematical modeling of nanofluids. In addition, advantages and disadvantages of each method are rendered to find the most appropriate approach, which can give valid results
The Influence of the Furan and Maleimide Stoichiometry on the Thermoreversible Diels–Alder Network Polymerization
No full textIn recent work, the thermoreversible Diels–Alder reaction between furan and maleimide functional groups has been studied extensively in the context of self-healing elastomers and thermosets. To elaborate the influence of the stoichiometric ratio between the maleimide and furan reactive groups on the thermomechanical properties and viscoelastic behavior of formed reversible covalent polymer networks, a series of Diels–Alder-based networks with different stoichiometric ratios was synthesized. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and dynamic rheology measurements were performed on the reversible polymer networks, to relate the reversible network structure to the material properties and reactivity. Such knowledge allows the design and optimization of the thermomechanical behavior of the reversible networks for intended applications. Lowering the maleimide-to-furan ratio creates a deficit of maleimide functional groups, resulting in a decrease in the crosslink density of the system, and a consequent decrease in the glass transition temperature, Young’s modulus, and gel transition temperature. The excess of unreacted furan in the system results in faster reaction and healing kinetics and a shift of the reaction equilibrium
An in-situ low-energy electron microscopy study of Pt- and Au-induced modifications of Ge(001)
No full textAdaptive Model-Free Control And Localization For Single-Agent And Multi-Agent Nonlinear Dynamic Systems
No full textIn this thesis, a unified solution comprising model-free control and localization algorithms is presented to address the tracking problem in single-agent completely unknown nonlinear dynamic systems, the formation-tracking problem in multi-agent completely unknown nonlinear dynamic system, and the cooperative localization problem for a team of mobile agents. The formulated model-free control algorithms, neither rely on the universal approximation characteristic of the artificial neural networks nor regressor-based approximation
Shape, Structural, and Energetic Effects on the Cohesive Energy and Melting Point of Nanocrystals
No full textApproximation Methods in Stochastic Max-Plus Systems
No full textStochastic max-plus systems belong to a special class of discrete-event systems. This class consists of systems with synchronization but no choice and the models of such systems are defined using the operators maximization and addition. Stochastic max-plus systems can be further extended to stochastic switching max-plus systems and stochastic min-max-plus-scaling systems. In the identification and control problem of all these systems, the objective function appearing in the optimization problem can be written as the expected value of the maximum of several affine expressions. The focus of this thesis is on finding an efficient method to compute this expected value since the currently available methods are both too complex and too time-consuming. To address this issue, this thesis proposes an approximation method based on the higher-order moments of a random variable. By considering the relationship between the infinity-norm and the p-norm of vectors, we obtain an upper bound for the expected value of the maximum of several affine expressions. This approximation method can be applied to any distribution that has finite moments and in the case that these moments have a closed form (such as for a uniform distribution, normal distribution, beta distribution, or gamma distribution), the approximation method results in an analytic expression. For all the above-mentioned systems, we have compared the performance of the proposed approximation method with other available methods, such as analytic and numerical integration, and Monte Carlo simulation. In nearly all cases, the computation time of the proposed approximation method is at least two orders of magnitude smaller than that of other methods, while still resulting in a comparable control performance.Delft Center for Systems and ControlMechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineerin
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