1,720,970 research outputs found
Efficiency Considerations in the Electricity Supply Industry; The Case of Iran
Get PDFElectricity plays a vital role in modern economies. It is considered a core activity in the economic development plans of most countries. The requirement of large investments in the power sector and the rising cost of electricity provision have intensified the need for increased efficiency in the Iranian electricity supply industry. This study provides an efficiency analysis of the electricity industry in Iran. It presents efficiency scores for the Iranian electricity industry relative to the efficient frontier for electricity production, and in relation to the electricity industries of 26 developing countries. The average level of technical efficiencies in the electricity industry of these developing countries, the Iranian power plants and regional distribution organisations are estimated at 77%, 72.7% and 81% respectively. They are based on a two-year panel data of 26 developing countries, six-year unbalanced panel data of thirty Iranian power plants and one cross-section of thirty distribution organisations taken in 1995. This study utilises two popular techniques; Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The use of both SFA and DEA extends the capabilities of addressing issues in ways that would otherwise not be available. Econometric models using panel data are employed to investigate technical inefficiencies. The Malmquist index approach is applied to investigate technological change, technical and scale efficiency changes in the electricity industry in the sample of developing countries as well as Iranian power plants. The DEA efficiency scores are used in Tobit models to determine which factors are the main causes of inefficiency.
Analysis of the Transferring Technology Barriers in Buy Back Contracts and Evaluation of The risk of Transferring Technology in New oil Contracts (IPC) in Iran: Aplication of “FMEA” Method
No full textOne of the main ways of domesticizing technology in oil industry is conditional contract for transfer of technology from international oil companies. However, over the past years the Iranian oil industry has made a little success in this regard and presently in Iranian new petroleum contract (IPC) as an alternative to buy back contracts aims to acquire and transfer modern technologies and localize it by collaboration of international oil companies with domestic companies approved by the National Iranian Oil Company, by making some changes in the type, terms and nature of contract. But what is more important than technology transfer is consideration to the obtained results compared with decisions made on the technology transfer of a contract. Thus, evaluation the risk of technology transfer play a clear and prominent role in the future sustainable development of Iranian oil industry. In this study, in addition to the study on buy back and IPC contracts from technology transfer point of view, the risks of technology transfer are detected in IPC contract and discussed by reviewing experts’ opinions. Next, by using FMEA parameters, identified risks are scored and for each RPN is calculated and finally they are prioritized. The highest priority of risk was given to the negative results of oil engineers and experts separation from the National Iranian Oil Company (RPN=576), followed by the effect of the presence of international oil companies in the destruction of the endogenous growth of national oil industry (RPN=448). Considering the high rate of risk in most identified risks, control measures were presented according to experts’ opinions in order to reduce the level of the risks
Conflict or Interaction between OPEC and GECF? A Mixed Approach of Game Theory and Variable Dynamic Models over Time
Get PDFThe restrictions on oil reserves and environmental hazards have led resource-rich countries to focus their attention on gas energy. In this regard, the importance of gas as an appropriate energy source will become even more significant in the coming years. The establishment of a cartel consisting of natural gas producers and exporters in order to achieve strategies for managing and controlling the gas market demonstrates this importance. This paper examines the confrontation or interaction between oil OPEC and the Gas Exporting Countries Forum (gas GECF); using the time series data for OPEC and GECF gas and oil demand in the period from 1970-1 to 2016-4. Regarding the coefficients obtained from the estimation of OPEC and OPEC gas and solving their equations simultaneously in the MATLAB 2014 software, the following results have been obtained; based on the cumulative response function in the case of the formation of a gas cartel, these two cartels will choose collusion strategies. The reason for this can be searched in some common members of the two cartels. Also, based on the impulse response function, oil demand is evaluated more than gas demand. It can be due to the multiple uses of oil over gas which increase the intensive substitution between these two products.
Compilation and Analysis of Supply and Demand Management Scenarios of Iran's Energy System to Reduce Environmental Impacts Using LEAP
No full textToday, in most countries, especially developing countries, economic growth is at the heart of planning. Since the place of economic activity is the environment, unfortunately, growth has had unfortunate consequences for the human environment. The main objective of this study is to measure the reduction of environmental pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions under policy-making scenarios compared to the reference scenario. The research method in this study is using the scenario analysis method based on Long Term Alternatives Planning Model (LEAP). The research findings show that by designing demand-side and supply-side management scenarios, meaning that replacing renewable energies and electricity in place of fossil fuels (crude oil and natural gas), reducing the amount of environmental pollutant emissions for the year 1420 (year horizon) 2014 (Year Zero Planning) is 123.5 million tonnes
Analysis of OPEC performance regarding oil production and declaration of amount of reserves
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Analysis of OPEC performance regarding oil production and declaration of amount of reserves
No full textVariations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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