269 research outputs found
Hepatitis C virus entry: role of host and viral factors
No full textAbstract not availableBaila Samreen, Saba Khaliq, Usman Ali Ashfaq, Mahwish Khan, Nadeem Afzal, Muhammad Aiman Shahzad, Sabeen Riaz, Shah Jaha
Nephroprotective effects of Helianthus annuus seeds extract in gentamicin induced nephrotoxic male mice
No full textAcute kidney injury (AKI) causes a decrease in renal function which leads to failure in balancing electrolyte, fluid and acid-base homoeostasis. AKI is a damaging and life-threatening disorder, but it can be managed if identified earlier. This study aimed to investigate the possible nephroprotective effect of Helianthus annuus seeds extract against gentamicin (GM) induced nephrotoxicity in male mice. The control group (0.5 ml normal saline i.p.,), Gentamycin (GM) group (GM 100 mg/kg i.p), silymarin + GM group (silymarin 50 mg/kg and GM 100 mg/kg i.p.,), H. annuus extract (HAE) and GM, group (HAE 250 mg/kg and GM 100 mg/kg i.p), HAE2 + GM group (HAE2; 500 mg/kg and GM 100 mg/kg i.p) and H. annuus oil (HAO) + GM (HAO 2.5 ml/kg and GM 100 mg/kg i.p). Serum creatinine, urea and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were significantly (P< 0.001) elevated in the GM group compared to the control group. The elevated level of serum creatinine, urea and BUN were decreased significantly (P<0.001) in groups treated with HAE and HAO extracts compared to the GM group. The kidney histopathological study from the GM group showed tubular necrosis, vacuolation and fibrosis. However, the animal that received HAE and HAO showed no tubular necrosis and vacuolation. Only mild inflammation was observed compared to the GM group. In conclusion, the extract caused marked radical scavenger and protected the kidney from oxidative damage of GM. H. annuus seeds contain strong antioxidant compounds, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, tocopherols and minerals, which could be responsible for the current show
PULMONARY CHANGES DURING UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY Dr. Dr. Nand Lal Seerani, Dr. Gordhan Soothar, Dr. Tarachand Devrajani, Dr. Sidra Ali, Dr. Syed Zulfiquar Ali Shah*, Dr. Samreen and Dr. Zulfiqar Ali Qutrio Baloch
No full textObjective: To evaluate the pulmonary changes in patients underwent gastrointestinal endoscopy at tertiary care hospital Patients and Methods: The patients underwent upper GI endoscopy were explored, enrolled and recruited in this six months cross sectional study after taking informed consent. The respiratory system examination was performed while before, during and after the SPO2 monitoring was done simultaneously by pulse oximetry. The data saved on pre-designed proforma and analyzed in SPSS 16 while the mean ±SD, frequencies and percentages was calculated. Results: The mean age ± SD for whole population was 53.98±7.96. Of fifty the de-saturation was identified in 22 patients of which mild oxygen desaturation (SPO2 < 95%) in 8 (36.3%) of the patients, moderate oxygen desaturation (SPO2 90- 95%) in 9 (40.9%) and severe desaturation (SPO2 <90%) in 5 (22.7%) patients. The mean ±SD for SPO2 % in male and female population before the procedure was 98.62± 1.21 and 98.85± 1.56 while during the procedure it was 93.42± 1.85 and 93.81± 2.95 whereas after the procedure was 96.98± 2.52 and 98.21± 1.21 respectively. Conclusion: The present revealed transient hypoxic events during endoscopy and did not lead to significant pathology. Thus in elderly subjects and the individuals with co-morbid conditions or in the patients with pre existing lung diseases oxygen saturation should be monitored during the endoscopic procedure. Keywords: Endoscopy, Peripheral capillary oxygen saturation and Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
Theoretical and experimental revelation of the structural, dielectric, optical and magnetic properties of Sr1−xNixFe8SnO15 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6) V-type hexagonal ferrites
No full textA novel V-type hexaferrite with the substitution of strontium by divalent nickel, having the chemical formula Sr1−xNixFe8SnO15 (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6), is synthesized by employing a sol–gel auto combustion method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed the hexagonal phase for all the samples; however, an extra peak due to SnO2 was observed. With the increase in the Ni2+ concentration, the values of lattice constants a (Å) and c (Å) and unit cell volume decreased slightly, and the crystallite size was calculated to vary in the range of 19 to 21 nm for all the samples. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis indicated that the average particle size lies in the range of 70–110 nm for all the samples. The samples have the maximum dielectric constant (ε′) and minimum electrical modulus (M′) at low frequency (<100 Hz); when the frequency is gradually increased, both the parameters stabilized and became constant, with real permittivity values from 61.4 to 37.4 between 1 kHz and 10 MHz, which are high values for hexaferrites. AC conductivity increased exponentially with the increase in frequency, while Ni content had little effect on these values. The polarization versus electric field (P–E) loops showed electrical polarizability but represented a lossy behavior that lessened with increasing Ni2+ content. The optical band gap energy values increased slightly with Ni2+ substitution over the unsubstituted sample. The saturation magnetization (Ms) increased with Ni substitution from 31.1 emu g−1 in the pure V ferrite to a maximum value of 43.6 emu g−1 for x = 0.4, and remanence magnetization (Mr) values were also significant. However, a drastic decrease in coercivity (Hc) was observed with Ni substitution, from a reasonably hard ferrite (Hc = 2218 Oe, 176.5 kA m−1) for x = 0.2 to very soft ferrites with x = 0.4 and 0.6 (Hc of around only 200 Oe, 16 kA m−1, a ten-fold decrease). The small grain size, reasonable Ms, and great variation in Hc with x between hard and soft ferrites while maintaining some Mr signify that these V-type hexaferrites could also be interesting materials for potential spintronic, magnetic memory, and microwave absorption applications
Machine Learning Based Automated Segmentation and Hybrid Feature Analysis for Diabetic Retinopathy Classification Using Fundus Image
No full textKumam, Poom/0000-0002-5463-4581; Sulaiman, Muhammad/0000-0002-4040-6211; GOKTAS, Atilla/0000-0001-7929-2912; Qadri, salman/0000-0002-3503-6535; Mashwani, Wali Khan/0000-0002-5081-741X; Kumam, Wiyada/0000-0001-8773-4821; ALI, AQIB/0000-0001-9374-791X; Jamal, Farrukh/0000-0001-6192-9890; Naeem, Samreen/0000-0003-0529-8187WOS: 000541900700014The object of this study was to demonstrate the ability of machine learning (ML) methods for the segmentation and classification of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Two-dimensional (2D) retinal fundus (RF) images were used. The datasets of DR-that is, the mild, moderate, non-proliferative, proliferative, and normal human eye ones-were acquired from 500 patients at Bahawal Victoria Hospital (BVH), Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Five hundred RF datasets (sized 256 x 256) for each DR stage and a total of 2500 (500 x 5) datasets of the five DR stages were acquired. This research introduces the novel clustering-based automated region growing framework. For texture analysis, four types of features-histogram (H), wavelet (W), co-occurrence matrix (COM) and run-length matrix (RLM)-were extracted, and various ML classifiers were employed, achieving 77.67%, 80%, 89.87%, and 96.33% classification accuracies, respectively. To improve classification accuracy, a fused hybrid-feature dataset was generated by applying the data fusion approach. From each image, 245 pieces of hybrid feature data (H, W, COM, and RLM) were observed, while 13 optimized features were selected after applying four different feature selection techniques, namely Fisher, correlation-based feature selection, mutual information, and probability of error plus average correlation. Five ML classifiers named sequential minimal optimization (SMO), logistic (Lg), multi-layer perceptron (MLP), logistic model tree (LMT), and simple logistic (SLg) were deployed on selected optimized features (using 10-fold cross-validation), and they showed considerably high classification accuracies of 98.53%, 99%, 99.66%, 99.73%, and 99.73%, respectively.Program in Applied Statistics, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Thanyaburi, Pathumthani , ThailandProgram in Applied Statistics, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Thanyaburi, Pathumthani 12110, Thailand
قائد اعظم: نظریہ پاکستان اور استحکام پاکستان
No full textMuhammd Ali Jinnah Lawyer, Politician and Statesman an the founder of Pakistan Jinnah on and Iranian Postage Stamp Muhammad Ali Jinnah also spelled Muhammad (25 December 1876-11 September 1948 in Karachi, Present day Pakistan) is the founder of Pakistan. After the Partition of India, He became the Governer-General of Pakistan. As a mark of respect, Pakistan call him Quaide Azam(1) Quaide-Azam is a phrase which in the Urdu language means "The Great Leader" people called him Baba-I-Quam, Another phrase in the Urdu language which means "The father of nation".The day of his birth is a National holiday in Pakistan.(1) In the 19th century, the lan dwas incorporated into British India Pakistan's Political history began 1906 with the birth of all india muslim league. established in opposition to the indian Natinal congress party which is accused of failing to protect Muslim interests, amid neglect and under-re presentation." On 29 December 1930, Philosopher Sir Muhammad Iqbal Called for an autonomous new state in north western Indian for Indian Muslims The league rose in Popularity through the late 1930's Muhammad Ali Jinnah expoused the two Nation theory and led the league to adopt the Lahore resolution of 1940, demanding the informatin of independent states in east and west of British india. Eventually, a successful movement led by Jinnah resulted in the partition of Indian and independence from Britian on 14 August 1947
Serum Cobalamin Levels and Red Blood Cell Morphology Among Celiac Disease Patients
No full textObjective: To evaluate serum cobalamin level and red blood cell morphology among Celiac disease patients.
Methodology: This Case control study was conducted at Department of Physiology, Medicine and Gastroenterology Unit, Isra University Hospital Hyderabad from March 2017 to October 2017. All the participants were divided equally in two groups. Group I. Controls- normal healthy subjects (n=45). Group II. Cases diagnosed cases of Celiac disease (n=45). Red blood cell morphology was assessed under light microscopy at postgraduate Laboratory. Serum cobalamin was determined by competitive EIA technique. All the data was recorded in the proforma.
Results: Total 90 cases were studied out of them 45 were patients of celiac disease and 45 were normal. Mean age of controls cases was 47.53±8.13 years and celiac disease patient’s was 46.84±7.69 years. Male were found in majority of both group’s cases and controls as 82.2% and 73.3% respectively. Mean of serum cobalamin level was significantly lower among patients as 201.36±74.77 pg/mL in contrast to controls as 247.06±60.34 pg/mL p= 0.002. Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were also low in cases compared to controls. RBC indices showed macrocytic, microcytic, hyperchromic and megaloblastic changes.
Conclusion: Serum cobalamin was decreased among celiac disease patients and disturbed RBC indices as macrocytic, microcytic, hyperchromic and megaloblastic were common in the Celiac disease patients
Thermal conductance of interfaces between titanium nitride and group IV semiconductors at high temperatures
No full textThis article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and AIP Publishing. This article appeared in Samreen Khan, Xinping Shi, Joseph Feser, Richard Wilson; Thermal conductance of interfaces between titanium nitride and group IV semiconductors at high temperatures. Appl. Phys. Lett. 22 July 2024; 125 (4): 041601. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0220124 and may be found at https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0220124.
© 2024 Author(s). Published under an exclusive license by AIP Publishing.
This article will be embargoed until 07/22/2025.Measuring the temperature dependence of material properties is a standard method for better understanding the microscopic origins for that property. Surprisingly, only a few experimental studies of thermal boundary conductance at high temperatures exist. This lack of high temperature data makes it difficult to evaluate competing theories for how inelastic processes contribute to thermal conductance. To address this, we report time domain thermoreflectance measurements of the thermal boundary conductance for TiN on diamond, silicon-carbide, silicon, and germanium between 120 and 1000 K. In all systems, the interface conductance increases monotonically without stagnating at higher temperatures. For TiN/SiC interfaces, ranges from 330 to 1000 MW/m2-K, with a room temperature conductance of 750 MW/m2-K. The interface conductance for TiN/diamond ranges from 140 to 950 MW/m2-K. Notably, for all four interfacial systems, the conductance continues to increase with temperature even after all phonon modes in the vibrationally soft material are thermally excited. This observation suggests that inelastic processes are significant contributors to the thermal conductance in all four interfacial systems, regardless of whether the materials forming the interface are vibrationally similar or dissimilar. Our study fills a notable gap in the literature for how interfacial conductance evolves at high temperatures and tests burgeoning theories for the role of inelastic processes in interfacial thermal transport.This work was supported as part of ULTRA, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences under Award No. DE-SC0021230
Isolation and Characterization of Agarolytic Bacteria from Marine Environment
No full textThis Dissertation / Report is the outcome of investigation carried out by the creator(s) / author(s) at the department/division of Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore mentioned below in this page
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