6,518 research outputs found
Strategic Reforms for Accelerated Agricultural Growth in Pakistan
No full textAgricultural growth rates in the 1960s, 1970s, 1980s and 1990s show that strong growth during the 1960s was driven by several factors, including greater certainty in the use of irrigation water (as a result of an agreement with India), the introduction of productivityenhancing fertiliser-seed packages, the introduction of tubewells and the electrification of rural areas, and policy changes that improved the profitability of farming. Growth during the 1970s dropped to 2.3 percent as a result of the uncertainty created by land reforms in 1972 and 1977, severe climatic shocks, a cotton virus that depressed production for most of the decade, and political instability. The recovery in the 1980s and early 1990s can be attributed to the introduction of new cotton varieties and improved management techniques, as well as to a gradual improvement in economic incentives. Closer inspection of the nature and sources of this growth raises concerns about its sustainability and casts doubt on the ability of the sector to grow by more than 3–4 percent a year in the future. Many of the past sources of agricultural growth in Pakistan appear to have been fully exploited. Strategy for the future must effectively address the followings. Allowing the market to Operate, policy reforms that support the ongoing structural adjustment should be given top priority. To address the crisis in irrigation management market-determined incentives must be allowed to determine resource allocation within the irrigation system. Reform in extension should include establishing closer links with research institutions and reducing the number of front-line extension workers and replacing them with fewer, bettertrained workers who are more responsive to the needs of farming systems. Full-fledged land reform is difficult to enact and can be considered only after a comprehensive study of costs and benefits. Some important measures can be implemented immediately, however. Foremost is providing security of tenure to many farmers, especially tenants-at-will, thereby improving responsiveness to incentives and creating better incentives for long-term investments.
Gedichten Ali Rashid Moussaoui
No full textSchilder en dichter Ali Rashid probeert in zijn werk een verbinding te maken tussen persoonlijke herinneringen en de loop van de algemene geschiedenis. Herinneringen aan Irak, de mensen daar, zijn jeugd, de oorlogsjaren, de onderdrukking en de armoede. Door zijn herinneringen als uitgangspunt te nemen en ze in een breder perspectief te plaatsen, probeert hij als kunstenaar verantwoordelijkheid te nemen voor de hem omringende wereld. Tijdens zijn verblijf in Nederland zoekt hij naar verbanden tussen het Oosten en het Westen. Zijn werk is krachtig, maar ook poëtisch. Als schilder en dichter zoekt hij naar manieren om lijnen en letters te verenigen. Deze fascinatie stamt uit de oorlogsjaren toen gedichten onleesbaar werden gemaakt door er doorheen te tekenen. Een zaak van leven en dood
Studi Komparatif Pemikiran Filsafat Politik Ali Abdul Raziq dan Rashid Rida mengenai Khilafah
No full textThis article aims to explain the comparison of political philosophy thoughts, especially regarding the caliphate of two Muslim intellectual figures from Egypt who lived in the same period. Ali Abdul Raziq and Rashid Rida, these two figures talked about the formulation of the ideal state form for Muslims and the implementation of Islamic government. The author writes down the arguments of the two figures and then compares them with the formulations of the two. Khilafah which is a system of government that follows the leadership of the Prophet Muhammad, sharia as the legal basis and Islam as an ideology in running the government. This type of research is library research by applying the comparative method, which prioritizes library materials as the main source. The results of the research from the two Muslim intellectual works from Ali Abdul Raziq\u27s book entitled al-Islam wa Usul al-Hukm and the book Al-Khilafah wa Al-Imamah written by Rashid Rido, show that there are very basic differences in the thoughts of the two figures, where Rashid Rida firmly held the position that followers of Islam are required to uphold the caliphate in their country based on sharia and ijma. On the other hand, Ali Abdul Raziq argues that there is no binding obligation for Muslims to establish a caliphate in their country, he argues that Muslims are free to choose what ideology will be applied in a country. Because in the Qur\u27an and as-Sunnah do not regulate the form of state that Muslims must apply. The thought of Islamic political philosophy, of course, does not only come from these two figures, many Muslim intellectuals argue that this matter needs to be explored for the benefit of Muslims in terms of the state.Â
The genus Cryptogonus Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from Pakistan, with description of a new species and a new record
No full textAzad, Rashid, Farid, Abid, Huo, Lizhi, Ali, Habib, Wang, Xingmin (2020): The genus Cryptogonus Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from Pakistan, with description of a new species and a new record. Zootaxa 4861 (1): 145-150, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4861.1.1
Influence of Ti–TiN multilayer PVD-coatings design on residual stresses and adhesion
No full textMultilayer systems can offer an efficient way of controlling residual stress, improve adhesion and enhance toughness of coated systems. This work aims at the development of multilayer coating with improved adhesion, based on numerical design approach. The numerical model of titanium-titanium nitride (Ti-TiN) multilayer has been formulated with multi-physics FEM, to find the optimal thickness of individual layers in a multilayer that can decrease interfacial axial and in-plane shear stress. These coatings configurations are experimentally produced to quantitatively evaluate the scratch adhesion, in-plane residual stresses, nanoindentation hardness and elastic-modulus. Analytical modeling with FilmDoctor® was performed for accurate adhesion evaluation. The multilayer in comparison with bi-layer shows significant improvement (22%) in adhesion under decreased interfacial stress conditions without any affect on overall coating stiffness and hardness. The multilayer coating in comparison with different configurations was also investigated. Result shows an increase in scratch adhesion of 18% and 27% for the optimal position and thickness of interlayers respectively. Qualitative comparison of in-plane residual stress shows higher stress in bi-layer and lower stress in multilayer with optimal thickness of interlayer. The approach in the study could be used to develop stress-optimized coatings for wear resistance applications. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd
For Self, Community, and the Environment: An Ethnographic Study of the Rural Women’s Movement of Nagar Valley, Pakistan
No full text© 2025 Rashid Ali HaideriThe thesis is an ethnography of a rural women’s movement in Nagar Valley, Pakistan, exploring its emergence, modalities, and impact based on 10 months of fieldwork. I argue that local women activists have responded to social and ecological concerns and have sought to refashion themselves and their community, reconfiguring the traditional social order and renegotiating gender complementarity. In doing so, they are forwarding an ‘alternative to development’, conceptualised as ‘politics of care’, based on their deeply communal, religious, and environmental ethos
Jirga and Sharitization: An Analysis of Maraka in District Karak
No full textThis paper aims at analyzing the traditional processes of conflict resolution in Pukhtoon society. The institution under study is Jirga an essential element of Pukhtunwali. By using Karak district in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa as a case study, this paper explores Maraka a form of Jirga that dispenses justice at a local level on the basis of Pukhtunwali and Shariah. This study found that the current conflict in the region has significant implications for the institution of Maraka in terms of its structure, composition and dispensation of justice. In most of the Jirgas Ulama (religious clerics) are considered to be an essential part of it. The inclusion of Ulama is making this institution vulnerable to shariatization. A significant number of decisions are taking place on the basis of locally interpreted Shariah law. The
paper argues that this trend of shariatization of this institution leads to the weakening of the social relations in the area
Strategic grain reserves in Ethiopia: Institutional design and operational performance
No full textHolding strategic grain reserves to address food price hikes has received renewed attentions in recent years. This paper examines such a program in Ethiopia that has been successful in addressing several emergencies since the 1990s. The analysis suggests that the key ingredients behind the success are a unique institutional design, coordination during emergencies with food-based safety net programs, and keeping the grain stocks to a minimum. Institutional design is unique because, unlike similar agencies in other countries, Ethiopia's Emergency Food Security Reserve Administration (EFSRA) is independent of price stabilization and hence is not engaged in buying and selling of grain. The paper also demonstrates that scaling up school feeding programs will generate additional food demand and an effective outlet for stock rotation; and that increasing the stock level for price stabilization will adversely affect both grain markets and the performance of the EFSRA.strategic grain reserves, agricultural price policies, safety net programs,
Rashid al-Din’s “Shuab-i Pandjghana”: Research Perspectives
No full textThe author of the present study describes Rashid al-Din’s work “Shuab-i Pandjghana” obtained from the archives of the Topkapi Palace Museum in Istanbul. The article contains a brief description of the previous study of this important work. The author presents his own version about how “Shuab-i pandjghana” came to Anatolia, how the latest version of Rashid al-Din’s work corresponds to his famous composition “Compendium of Chronicles”, and tries to determine the date when this wide genealogy was created. The author also analyzes the information on the “Shuab-i pandjghana” contained in A.P.Grigoryev’s study
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