27 research outputs found
Vibrational spectroscopic techniques (Raman, FT-IR and FT-NIR spectroscopy) as a means for the solid-state structural analysis of pharmaceuticals
No full textThe aim of this work was to assess the suitability of vibrational spectroscopic
techniques (Raman, FT-IR and FT-NIR spectroscopy) as a means for the solid-state
structural analysis of pharmaceuticals. Budesonide, fluticasone propionate, salbutamol
hemisulfate, terbutaline hemisulfate, ipratropium bromide, polymorphic forms of
salmeterol xinafoate and two polymorphic forms of sulfathiazole were selected since
they are used in the management of certain respiratory disorders and from different
chemical and pharmacological entities along with some pharmaceutical excipients.
Conventional visual examination is not sufficient to identify and differentiate spectra
between different pharmaceuticals. To confirm the assignment of key molecular
vibrational band signatures, quantum chemical calculations of the vibrational spectra
were employed for better understanding of the first five selected drugs. The nondestructive
nature of the vibrational spectroscopic techniques and the success of
quantum chemical calculations demonstrated in this work have indeed offered a new
dimension for the rapid identification and characterisation of pharmaceuticals and
essentially warrant further research.
The application of simultaneous in situ Raman spectroscopy and differential
scanning calorimetry for the preliminary investigation of the polymorphic
transformation of salmeterol xinafoate polymorphs and two polymorphic forms of
sulfathiazole has also been explored in this work leading to the development of a new
method for the solid-state estimation of the transition temperature of
entantiotropically related pharmaceutical polymorphs which represents the first
analytical record of the use of this approach for pharmaceutical polymorphs
H.R.H. the Prince of Wales discusses cinematography with Dr. H.D. Girdwood
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'One equal music’: The royal college of music, its inception and the legacy of Sir George Grove 1883-1895
No full textThe establishment of the Royal College of Music (RCM) in 1883 represents the denouement of an eighteenth-century movement to found a conservatoire with a national remit in Britain. Whether motivated by the desire to rival Continental conservatoires to generate and develop an environment in which a worthy successor to Purcell could be nurtured or to create an indigenous musical workforce to obtain direct control of market forces, the RCM was seen as a panacea in the light of the demise of the experimental National Training School for Music (1876-1882) and the ineffectual Royal Academy of Music founded in 1822. The NTSM's financial concerns led Sir Henry Cole to approach the Royal Commission of 1851 for aid. In return for a meagre grant, the Commission insisted the NTSM remodel its management and constitution on pain of eviction from buildings on the Kensington Estate. Cole's approach to 1851 Commissionets precipitated the involvement of the Prince of Wales and other senior members of the Court that led directly to the establishment of the RCM in 1878.Attempts to institute the RCM as a quango to regulate the music profession alongside music education both at elementary school and university level were intended to provide ideal circumstances for inducing comprehensive treasury assistance where the NTSM failed. When this proved elusive, a contingency was provided by George Grove (first RCM Director from 1882) who, at the request of the Prince of Wales, imtiated a capital fund. The introduction of fee-paying students alongside scholars provided financial security that distanced the College & insolvency. Substantial growth in numbers during the first few years forced Grove and the Council to address the issue of a new building. Grove's appointment of an unrivalled professorial staff and the development of a rigorous curriculum, whose inspiration was to be found within the Continental traditions in France and Germany, had paid dividends. By 1894, the results of RCM's pedagogical methods were respected across Europe. The appointment of Grove's neighbour, Alexander Mackenzie, as Principal of the RAM heralded an environment for mutual co-operation between two rival institutions. The institution of local examinations under the Associated Board of the Royal Academy of Music and the Royal College of Music from 1889 marked the conclusion of further attempts to amalgamate the two institutions. The foundation of both the Associated Board was intended to provide a remedy to the shortage of suitably-qualified candidates entering for scholarships and to improve music tuition among school children as set out in the RCM's 1883 charter. The coalition created formidable opposition to Halle's proposal to establish a chartered Royal College of Music in Manchester (RMCM) in 1893 and Parliament's attempts to include music within the provision of the bill for the regulation and registration of teachers. The foundation of the Associated Board allowed Grove to begin implementing the RCM's remit to lead the music profession on both a national and imperial scale. The RCM's national and European reputation established by Grove was consolidated under the directorate of his successor, c. Hubert H. Parry, who confirmed the RCM's global reputation to which other, fledgling institutions, such as New York's Juilliard School of Music, came to aspke. Grove's initiatives, which began the process of emancipating composer and performer alike, went on to transform Britain's international musical reputation within a generation, the ramifications of which continue to affect us more than a century later
Vibrational spectroscopic study of fluticasone propionate
No full textNoLuticasone propionate is a synthetic glucocorticoid with potent anti-inflammatory activity that has been used effectively in the treatment of chronic asthma. The present work reports a vibrational spectroscopic study of fluticasone propionate and gives proposed molecular assignments on the basis of ab initio calculations using BLYP density functional theory with a 6-31G* basis set and vibrational frequencies predicted within the quasi-harmonic approximation. Several spectral features and band intensities are explained. This study generated a library of information that can be employed to aid the process monitoring of fluticasone propionate
A Description of the Colosseum as Re-opened in 1845: Under the Patronage of Her Majesty the Queen, and H.R.H. Prince Albert, with Numerous Illustrations, and Eight Coloured Sections of the Panorama of London
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A Description of the Royal Colosseum, Re-opened in 1845: Under the Patronage of Her Majesty the Queen and H.R.H. Prince Albert. Re-embellished in 1848 with Numerous Illustrations, and Eight Sections of the Grand Panorama of Paris by Moonlight
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Vibrational spectroscopic characterisation of salmeterol xinafoate polymorphs and a preliminary investigation of their transformation using simultaneous in situ portable Raman spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry
No full textNoKnowledge and control of the polymorphic phases of chemical compounds are important aspects of drug development in the pharmaceutical industry. Salmeterol xinafoate, a long acting β-adrenergic receptor agonist, exists in two polymorphic Forms, I and II. Raman and near infrared spectra were obtained of these polymorphs at selected wavelengths in the range of 488–1064 nm; significant differences in the Raman and near-infrared spectra were apparent and key spectral marker bands have been identified for the vibrational spectro-scopic characterisation of the individual polymorphs which were also characterised with X ray diffractometry. The solid-state transition of salmeterol xinafoate polymorphs was studied using simultaneous in situ portable Raman spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry isothermally between transitions. This method assisted in the unambiguous characterisation of the two polymorphic forms by providing a simultaneous probe of both the thermal and vibrational data. The study demonstrates the value of a rapid in situ analysis of a drug polymorph which can be of potential value for at-line in-process control
Vibrational spectroscopic study of salbutamol hemisulphate
No full textNoSalbutamol hemisulphate is a relatively selective ß2-adrenergic agonist and is used as a bronchodilator. In this work, we present a detailed vibrational spectroscopic investigation of salbutamol hemisulphate using mid-infrared and near-infrared Fourier-transform (NIR-FT) Raman spectroscopies. These data are supported by quantum chemical calculations, which allow us to characterise the vibrational spectra of this compound reasonably. As such, this study could be viable for examining the way in which this drug interacts with its target molecules
Nanosizing of hydrocortisone using microfluidic reactors.
No full textNoThe formulation of poorly water-soluble drugs is a challenging
problem within pharmaceutical development. Recently, formulation using
nanoparticles was highlighted as showing great potential to improve the dissolution
and solubility characteristics of poorly water soluble drugs
