1,571 research outputs found
Synthesis of trimethyl (2S,3R)- and (2R,3R)-[2-H-2(1)]-homocitrates the corresponding dimethyl and ester lactones: towards elucidating the stereochemistry of the reaction catalysed by homocitrate synthase and by the Nif-V protein
No full textTrimethyl (2S,3R)- and (2R,3R)-[2-H-2(1)]-homocitrates, 10b and 10c respectively, and dimethyl (2S,3R)- and (2R,3R)[2 [2-H-2(1)]-homocitric lactones, 11b and 11c respectively, have been synthesised from shikimic acid and [2-H-2]-shikimic acid by a route which defines the stereochemistry of the two chiral centres in each compound. The NMR spectra of these products will enable the stereochemistry of the biological reaction catalysed by homocitrate synthase and by the protein from the nifV gene to be elucidated
Germanismen im Verpolnischungswörterbuch von E.S. Kortowicz (1891)
No full textOut of concern for language ‘purity’ ‘Polonizing’ dictionaries/dictionaries of Polish equivalents were published in Poland, whose authors (language purists) aimed to replace words/expressions of foreign origin with native-language equivalents (or with assimilated loanwords). Besides Latinisms or Gallicisms under criticism were also German loanwords. The main focus of the paper is on the presentation of the dictionary by E.S. Kortowicz (1891), in which the author seeks to eliminate Germanisms from the Polish language.W trosce o „czystość” językową w Polsce tworzone były „słowniki spolszczające”/,,słowniki spolszczeń”, w których autorzy (puryści językowi) próbowali zastępować wyrazy/wyrażenia pochodzenia obcego rodzimymi ekwiwalentami (lub zasymilowanymi zapożyczeniami). Obok latynizmów czy galicyzmów piętnowano w nich często zapożyczenia z języka niemieckiego. Centralną część publikacji stanowi opis pracy E.S. Kortowicza (1891), w której autor dąży do wyeliminowania germanizmów z języka polskiego
Synthesis of trimethyl (2S,3R)- and (2R,3R)-[2-2H1]-homocitrates and dimethyl (2S,3R)- and (2R,3R)-[2-2H1]-homocitrate lactones: an assay for the stereochemical outcome of the reaction catalysed both by homocitrate synthase and by the Nif-V protein
No full textTrimethyl (3R)-homocitrate 17, trimethyl (2S,3R)-[2-2H1]-homocitrate 17a and (2R,3R)-[2-2H1]-homocitrate 17b, as well as dimethyl (3R)-homocitrate lactone 18, (2S,3R)-[2-2H1]-homocitric lactone 18a and (2R,3R)-[2-2H1]-homocitric lactone 18b have been synthesised. D-quinic acid 12 was used as the source of the (3R)-centre in the unlabelled target compounds 17 and 18. (2)-Shikimic acid 19 and the (2)-[2-2H]-shikimic acid derivative 32 respectively were used in the synthesis of the labelled compounds. In the latter syntheses, Sharpless directed epoxidation of the olefin in the 5-deoxy ester diols 23 and 35 ensured a reaction from the same face as the allylic and homoallylic alcohols, and the reduction of the protected epoxides 25 and 37 ensured that the label was introduced in a stereoselective manner. The 1H NMR spectra of the labelled products present an assay for the stereochemistry of the biological reactions catalysed by homocitrate synthase and by the protein from the nifV gene
Methods of reliability assessment of heterogeneous redundant systems
No full textAccepted Author ManuscriptTransport Engineering and Logistic
"Introduzione agli Africanismi in America"
No full textL’affermazione della cultura black nel Nuovo Mondo, disposta in un registro definito dal filo rosso del métissage e dell’ibridazione nella sua accezione più ampia, è presentata in un overview d’introduzione agli africanismi in America in cui confluiscono i temi di fondo degli studi afroamericani - dal middle passage ai sistemi familiari, dalle modalità relazionali fino alle forme di percezione di sé e alle dinamiche di accettazione/dissenso dell’appartenenza, dai movimenti per il riconoscimento dei diritti civili alle prospettive antropologiche di studio passate e attuali e ai Black Studies, fino a includere i Neri nel cinema e nella pubblicità e il cinema nero americano. (Saggio nel volume Black Inc. a cura di E.S. Tiberini, corredato da due Dvd: “Africanismi in America” a cura di C. Nobili e “Beyond Boudaries and Unframed. The Art of Fatimah Tuggar” a cura di M. Lightsmith). The assertion of black culture in the New World is examined through an anthropological angle that privileges the aspects of metissage and hybridization: the overview of the “africanisms” in America here offered span the middle passage, the family systems, the identity and self-representation dynamics and the civil rights movements. It also includes the Blacks’ portrait in the cinema, the TV and the commercial advertisement. The analysis carried on is based on the perspective of the classical anthropological studies and on the more recent Black Studies. (The essay constitutes the first half of the volume Black Inc. edited by the Author and has 2 DvD attached: “Africanisms in America” edited by C. Nobili and “Beyond Boudaries and Unframed. The Art of Fatimah Tuggar” edited by M. Lightsmith)
Physico-Chemical and Microbial Assessmentof Some Well Water from Mista-Ali Town, Bassa LGA, Plateau State-Nigeria
No full textThe Physico-chemical and Microbial assessment of well water in Mista-Ali were carried out to determine its suitability for domestic consumption. Samples were collected from eight wells in duplicate and analyzed using standard methods. The results revealed the physical parameters of the well water as colourless, odourless, tasteless, with total solids (240-370mg/L), Total suspended solids (280-320 mg/L) and Total dissolved solids (195-240mg/L). The chemical `parameter showed that the well has pH(6.9-7.3) conductivity (2.0x102 -7.0x102µmhos/cm), alkalinity(12-28mg/L),Chloride (10-28 mg/L), Total hardness (180-320mg/L), Sulphate (280-300mg/L), and Nitrate (7.70-8.20mg/L) . Arsenic and zinc were not detected while the following metals were detected with the following concentrations Pb (0.003-0.005), Fe (0.120-0.890),Mn (0.002-0.029), Ca (20.00-220.00), Cu (0.002-0.006), Cu (0.002-0.006), Cr (0.001-0.008), Ni (0.004-0.011), K (2.24-9.84), Mg (15.60-18.80). The physical, chemical and microbial assessment results were within the permissible standard for portable water. The well water in Mista-Ali can be used for domestic purposes and recommended that the water be analyzed atleast once every year to check for contamination. There should also be State Agency that would license well water to maintain high hygienic conditions
Manipulation of an electron by photoirradiation in the electron-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction
No full textAcknowledgments: We thank M. Akita (Tokyo Institute of Technology) and T. Koike (Nippon Institute of Technology) for discussions on a BDA photoredox catalysis. Funding: This work has been supported financially in part by JST CREST (JPMJCR18R4) . Author contributions: Conceptualization: E.S. Data curation: Y.O., K.Y., K.O., S.M., S.K.S., and M.A. Methodology: E.S. Investigation: Y.O., K.Y., K.O., S.M., S.K.S., and M.A. Funding acquisition: E.S. Project administration: E.S. Supervision: E.S., K.Y., and M.A. Writing- original draft: E.S. and K.Y. Writing - review and editing: E.S., K.Y., and M.A. Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Data and materials availability: All data needed to evaluate the conclusions in the paper are present in the paper and/or the Supplementary Materials
Dynamic Effect of Young’s Modulus on Attachment and Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
No full textEmbryonic stem cells have generated much interest due to their ability to differentiate into any cell type within the body. This ability could potentially allow for scientists and engineers to develop a number of therapies for diseases, which currently have no cure such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease and diabetes. However, the differentiation process itself is one of the major bottlenecks in developing potential therapies. Currently protocols involve the use of mixtures of growth factors in order to create a suitable soluble microenvironment for differentiation. These growth factors are often expensive, thereby limiting the potential for scale-up of cell bioprocesses. Much interest has thus been generated into other elements of the microenvironment that could improve differentiation efficiency. The field of mechanobiology in particular, has developed rapidly in recent years. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the effect of Young’s modulus on neuronal differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC’s). Instead of treating differentiation as one long process, the decision was made to split the process into three stages. The first, involved the formation of neural precursors from mESC’s. This was followed by the formation of immature neurons from neural precursors. The final stage was to allow the immature neurons to develop into a mature neuronal subtype. The impact of Young’s modulus was split into three effects. One was the initial attachment of cells. The second was the expansion of cells into colonies. The third was the effect of Young’s modulus on enrichment of neuronal cells. It was found that physiologically soft materials favoured the formation of all three neuronal cell types (precursor, immature and mature). However, the exact effect of differentiation varied over the course of differentiation. Over the first and second stages, soft substrates favoured the initial attachment of cells without affecting enrichment. Over the final stage, however, soft substrates directly favoured maturation of immature neurons, without having a significant effect upon their attachment. Thus the effect of Young’s modulus on neuronal differentiation changes according to the level of cellular maturity. There have not been any previous studies, which have tried to characterise the effect of the mechanical microenvironment on differentiation in a stage-by-stage manner. These findings have many important implications in terms of regenerative medicine bioprocessing. Firstly the optimal conditions for cellular attachment are not always the same as the optimal conditions for increasing cell enrichment. By carefully fine-tuning the mechanical properties at each stage of differentiation, both cell yields and final enrichment could be increased substantially. Furthermore, different cell types will require different optimisation strategies. Finally, by better understanding the interaction between cells and their mechanical environment, these findings could allow for better future design of tissue engineering biomaterials for implantation of cells into target areas for cell therapies
Received Signal Srength (RSS) urban measurements from GSM and UMTS networks for cellular-based positioning
No full text<p>GSM (2G) and UMTS (3G) urban measurement data for cellular-based positioning. The data has been collected in Tampere city, Finland with a mobile phone with proprietary software. The data is given in Matlab *mat format and it contains a cell variable called BS_grid* which shows the GPS coordinates (x,y,z) (converted in local coordinates, in meter values) and the collected RSS value (in dB) per transmitter (i.e., BS or Node B). Each cell contains a N x 4 matrix, whose rows are [x y z RSS]. N is the number of measurements points in which the corresponding Base Station were heard. The size of the BS_grid* cells is equal to the number of heard Base Stations in the measured area. </p>
<p>Example of research results based on these measurements can be found for example in:</p>
<ul>
<li>H. Nurminen, J. Talvitie, S. Ali-Loytty, P. Muller, E.S. Lohan, R. Piche, M. Renfors, "Statistical path loss parameter estimation and positioning using RSS measurements", Journal of Global Positioning Systems, vol. 12(1), 2013, ISSN 1446-3156.</li>
</ul>
Gloss on the judgment of the European Court of Human Rights of 25 October 2018 in case E.S v. Austria, appl. no. 38450/12
No full textThe gloss deals with the judgment issued by the ECtHR on 25 October 2018 concerning freedom
of expression as provided for in Article 10 ECHR. In the case of E.S. v. Austria the ECtHR
agreed with domestic courts that the applicant’s statements concerning the marriage life style
of Muhammad were “inciting hatred or religious intolerance” read in the light of Article 188
of the Austrian Criminal Code. During the public debate, the applicant made a reference to
“paedophilia”, while talking about 56-year-old Muhammad having sexual intercourse with
his 9-year-old wife Aisha. The main thesis of the author of this gloss is contrary to the ECtHR
judges’ viewpoint, especially in the context of the facts of the case and the previous Strasbourg
case law. Going further, the author presents her fears that the visible and ongoing Islamisation
of Europe starts to have its potential impact on the judicial authorities and their attitudes in
cases connected with some sensitive issues of Islam. The author’s opinion concerns both the
domestic and regional courts’ attitudes.Glosa dotyczy wyroku wydanego przez Europejski Trybunał Praw Człowieka (ETPCz) w dniu
25 października 2018 r., dotyczącego swobody wypowiedzi w rozumieniu art. 10 Europejskiej
Konwencji Praw Człowieka. W sprawie E.S. przeciwko Austrii ETPCz zaakceptował stanowisko
300 GLOSS
IUS NOVUM
2/2019
sądów krajowych, które uznały stwierdzenia powódki dotyczące stylu pożycia małżeńskiego
Mahometa jako „wzniecające nienawiść lub nietolerancję religijną” w rozumieniu art. 188
austriackiego kodeksu karnego. W trakcie debaty publicznej powódka nawiązała do „pedofilii”, rozważając fakt seksualnego współżycia 56-letniego Mahometa z jego 9-letnią żoną Aiszą.
Główna teza autorki niniejszej glosy jest odmienna, szczególnie w kontekście okoliczności
analizowanej sprawy oraz w świetle dotychczasowej strasburskiej linii orzeczniczej. W dalszej
kolejności, autorka wyraża swoje obawy o to, że widoczna i postępująca islamizacja Europy
zaczyna wywierać potencjalny wpływ na władze sądowe i ich postawy w sprawach dotyczących szczególnie drażliwych zagadnień Islamu. W opinii autorki zjawisko to dotyczy postaw
zarówno sądów krajowych, jak i regionalnych
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