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Structural remodeling in atrial fibrillation.
No full textAtrial fibrillation occurs and maintains itself in the context of a morphologically and functionally altered atrial substrate that can be induced by stressors such as underlying diseases (cardiac or noncardiac) or aging. The resultant structural remodeling is a slow process that progressively affects myocytes and the myocardial interstitium, and takes place from as early as the first days of atrial tachyarrhythmia. The left atrium, and particularly its posterior wall, is the location where remodeling is concentrated to the greatest extent. The mechanisms that underlie the remodeling process in atrial fibrillation have not yet been completely elucidated, although experimental and clinical investigations have indicated a number of signaling systems, inflammation, oxidative stress, atrial stretching and ischemia as factors involved in the cascade of events that leads to atrial fibrillation. The aim of this Review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the morphological changes that characterize the fibrillating atrial myocardium at histological and ultrastructural levels, and the established and hypothetical pathogenetic mechanisms involved in structural remodeling. This article also highlights the emerging therapies being developed to prevent progression of atrial fibrillation
Advances in Cardiac Surgery
No full textCardiac surgery roots date back to the first half of the last century. Subsequently, thanks to the heart-lung machine development, which allowed to operate within the cardiac chambers under direct vision, the huge potentials of this discipline in cardiovascular disease treatment have fully manifested. In the following years, until the end of the last century, the surgical treatment of heart disease progressed steadily and consistently. From the beginning of the millennium, the discipline of cardiac surgery underwent a strong evolutionary process with the advent of minimally invasive procedures and transcatheter techniques. In this article we will briefly review the history of the evolution of cardiac surgery. Finally, possible future perspectives will be outlined
Is it appropriate to use EuroSCORE II for prediction of 30-day mortality in cardiac surgery? Reply
No full textTHE PERIPROSTHETIC SAC-INNOMINATE VEIN SHUNT - AN EFFECTIVE WAY TO CONTROL BLEEDING AFTER AORTIC ROOT OPERATIONS
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