205 research outputs found
Lipid quality in infant nutrition: current knowledge and future opportunities
No full textDietary lipids are key for infants to not only meet their high energy needs but also fulfill numerous metabolic and physiological functions critical to their growth, development, and health. The lipid composition of breast milk varies during lactation and according to the mother's diet, whereas the lipid composition of infant formulae varies according to the blend of different fat sources. This report compares the compositions of lipids in breast milk and infant formulae, and highlights the roles of dietary lipids in term and preterm infants and their potential biological and health effects. The major differences between breast milk and formulae lie in a variety of saturated fatty acids (such as palmitic acid, including its structural position) and unsaturated fatty acids (including arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid), cholesterol, and complex lipids. The functional outcomes of these differences during infancy and for later child and adult life are still largely unknown, and some of them are discussed, but there is consensus that opportunities exist for improvements in the qualitative lipid supply to infants through the mother's diet or infant formulae. Furthermore, research is required in several areas, including the needs of term and preterm infants for long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, the sites of action and clinical effects of lipid mediators on immunity and inflammation, the role of lipids on metabolic, neurological, and immunological outcomes, and the mechanisms by which lipids act on short- and long-term health.Bernadette Delplanque, Robert Gibson, Berthold Koletzko, Alexandre Lapillonne, and Birgitta Strandvi
DHA et développement du cerveau de l’enfant
No full textN-3 Fatty acids are biologically important nutrients. One n-3 fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid, is an important component of neural and retinal membranes and accumulates rapidly in the brain and retina during the later part of gestation and early postnatal life. It is reasonable to hypothesize that n-3 fatty acid intakes might have significant effects on infant visual function and neurodevelopmental status. Over the last two decades a lot of interest has been expressed about the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) requirements of both preterm and term infants. The aim of this review is to synthesize the recent data on the importance of the LCPUFA metabolism and early nutrition on infant growth and development
Short-Term Stability of Whole Blood Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Content on Filter Paper during Storage at -28 °c
No full textFinger or heel-pricked blood sampling for fatty acid analysis is suitable especially in newborn infants where blood sampling is difficult and phlebotomy for research can be unethical. The aim of this study was to evaluate dried blood long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) stability during storage at -28 °C. We collected 12 blood cord samples that were analyzed immediately after blood drawing, with and without drying the blood on filter paper. Dried samples were then analyzed 7 days and 1, 3, and 6 months after collection. Butylated hydroxytoluene was added to all samples. Fatty acid composition and 13C enrichment were measured by gas chromatography and by gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry, respectively. The fatty acid composition, expressed in mol%, of the major LC-PUFA at day 7 was not statistically different from time 0, however lower values were found by the first month of storage. The 13C enrichment of 20:4n-6 and 22:6n-3 did not differ during the whole study period. LC-PUFA analysis from dried umbilical cord blood in neonates should be performed within a week, major losses of LC-PUFA occur afterwards. However, fatty acids obtained from dried blood maintain their 13C enrichment value for up to 6 months and thus these samples are suitable for natural abundance isotopic studie
RhBSSL improves growth and LCPUFA absorption in preterm infants fed formula or pasteurized breast milk
No full textOBJECTIVES:
Preterm infants often experience suboptimal growth, which can affect organ development. The aim of this study was to improve growth by treatment with bile salt-stimulated lipase (BSSL), naturally present in breast milk, but lost after pasteurization, and absent in formula.
METHODS:
Two clinical trials were performed with a predefined analysis of combined data to investigate the effects of recombinant human BSSL (rhBSSL) treatment on growth velocity and fat absorption in preterm infants. The studies were randomized and double-blinded comparing 7-day treatment with rhBSSL and placebo, administered in pasteurized breast milk or formula, using a crossover design.
RESULTS:
Sixty-three infants were evaluated for safety. At randomization, the mean (standard deviation) weight was 1467 (193) g and mean postmenstrual age was 32.6 (0.5) weeks. Sixty and 46 infants were evaluated for growth velocity and fat absorption, respectively. rhBSSL treatment significantly improved mean growth velocity by 2.93 g · kg · day (P<0.001) compared with placebo (mean 16.86 vs 13.93 g · kg · day) and significantly decreased the risk of suboptimal growth (<15 g · kg · day) (30% vs 52%, P=0.004). rhBSSL significantly increased absorption of the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid, and arachidonic acid by 5.76% (P=0.013) and 8.55% (P=0.001), respectively, but had no significant effect on total fat absorption. The adverse-event profile was similar to placebo.
CONCLUSIONS:
In preterm infants fed pasteurized breast milk or formula, 1 week of treatment with rhBSSL was well tolerated and significantly improved growth and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid absorption compared to placebo. This publication presents the first data regarding the use of rhBSSL in preterms and the results have led to further clinical studies
Role of dietary factors, food habits and lifestyle in childhood obesity development. A position paper from the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Committee on Nutrition
No full textChildhood obesity has high societal and economic impact, but current treatment approaches are sub-optimal. In the last decade important studies have been conducted aiming to identify strategies to prevent obesity during critical periods of life. Updated recommendations for childhood obesity prevention are needed.We present data from systematic reviews and meta- analysis, RCTs and large observational studies, published from 2011 onwards, that consider the possible role of the following factors in obesity development: breastfeeding; macronutrient composition and method of complementary feeding; parenting style; dietary patterns; sugar-sweetened beverage consumption; eating behaviour (e.g. skipping breakfast, family dinners etc.); meal frequency and composition (fast foods, snacking), portion size; dietary modulators of gut microbiota (including pre-, pro-, and synbiotics); physical activity and sedentary behaviour. We used the Medline database and the Cochrane Library to search for relevant publications. Important research gaps were also identified.This position paper provides recommendations on dietary factors, food habits and lifestyle to prevent childhood obesity development, based on the available literature and expert opinion. Clinical research and high-quality trials are urgently needed to resolve numerous areas of uncertainty
Nutritional Management of the Critically Ill Neonate: A Position Paper of the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition
No full textThe nutritional management of critically ill term neonates and preterm infants varies widely, and controversies exist in regard to when to initiate nutrition, mode of feeding, energy requirements, and composition of enteral and parenteral feeds. Recommendations for nutritional support in critical illness are needed
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