1,720,988 research outputs found
Uncontrolled diabetes as a factor associated with dinapenia in persons with 50 years or older
No full textIntroduction: Epidemiological studies that demonstrate the association between diabetes and muscle strength (MS) classify individuals as diabetic or non-diabetic. Thus, is not known how such associations behave in undiagnosed diabetics (UD), controlled diabetics (CD) and uncontrolled diabetics (UCD), nor which glycated hemoglobin levels are associated with low MS. Objectives: 1) to analyze the association between UD, CD and UCD and low MS (dynapenia); 2) to analyze how the different grouping of these individuals can modify these associations and 3) to analyze the association between serum glycated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c) and MS. Method: Cross-sectional study with 5.290 ELSA participants 50 years of age or older. In the first two analyzes, logistic regression models were used, with dynapenia (handgrip strength (HG) 8% presented a mean reduction of HG of 1.86 kgf and 1.63 kgf, respectively. Conclusion: UCD are more likely to present dynapenia than UD. The different classification of individuals with diabetes modifies the associations between UCD and dynapenia. Individuals with HbA1c ≥ 7% had lower MS than those with HbA1c 8% apresentaram uma redução média da FPM de 1.86 kgf e 1.63 kgf, respectivamente. Conclusão: DNC têm mais chance de apresentar dinapenia do que DND. Os diferentes agrupamentos dos indivíduos com diabetes modificam as associações entre DNC e dinapenia. Indivíduos com HbA1c ≥ 7% apresentam menor FNM do que os com HbA1c < 6.5%
25(OH)D deficiency as a risk factor for the incidence of functional disability in individuals over 50 years - ELSA study conclusions
No full textIntroduction: The 25(OH)D deficiency has stood out for its recognized negative repercussion on the musculoskeletal systems, such as the reduction of strength and muscle mass; in the central nervous system, such as the predisposition to cognitive decline, and in the other body systems, favoring several clinical conditions, which can have an impact on the decrease in functional capacity in older individuals. However, there is little and conflicting epidemiological evidence demonstrating the association of 25(OH)D deficiency with the incidence of disability. Objectives: The present study aims to verify if the deficiency of 25(OH)D is a risk factor for incidence of disability in basic activities (BADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and if there is a sex difference on these associations. Method: This is a longitudinal study with four years of follow-up involving people aged ≥ 50 years participating in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). In the study of incidence of disability in BADL, 4,814 participants without disability were included in the baseline according to the modified Katz index. In the study of incidence of disability in IADL, 4,768 participants without disability were included in the baseline according to the modified Lawton index. The 25(OH)D was measured and the participants were classified as having sufficiency (> 50 nmol/L), insufficiency (> 30 and ≤ 50 nmol/L) and deficiency (≤ 30 nmol/L). Sociodemographic, behavioral and clinical characteristics were also assessed at baseline and considered control variables in the Poisson models stratified by sex. With two and four years of follow-up, BADL and IADL were reevaluated. An incident of disability was considered to be a report of difficulty in one or more activities in the Katz and Lawton Indexes. Results: 25(OH)D deficiency was a risk factor for incidence of BADL disability in women (IRR = 1.54; 95% CI 1.17 – 2.03) and men (IRR = 1.43; 95% CI 1.02 – 2.00) and risk factor for incidence of disability in IADL only in men (IRR = 1.40; 95% CI 1.01 – 1.95). Conclusions: Despite the fact that 25(OH)D deficiency is a risk factor for incidence of disability in BADL in both sexes, only men were at such risk for the incidence of disability in IADL. Since 25(OH)D deficiency is a modifiable condition, it must be the target of therapeutic strategies avoiding installation or progression of functional disabilityCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Introdução: A deficiência de 25(OH)D tem se destacado por sua reconhecida repercussão negativa no sistema musculoesquelético, como a redução de força e massa muscular; no sistema nervoso central, como a predisposição ao declínio cognitivo, e nos demais sistemas corporais, favorecendo diversas condições clínicas, que podem repercutir na diminuição da capacidade funcional em indivíduos mais velhos. Entretanto, existem poucas e conflitantes evidências epidemiológicas demonstrando a associação da deficiência da 25(OH)D com a incidência de incapacidade. Objetivos: O presente trabalho tem por objetivo verificar se a deficiência de 25(OH)D é fator de risco para a incidência de incapacidade em atividades básicas (ABVD) e atividades instrumentais de vida diária (AIVD) e se há diferença de sexo nessas associações. Método: Trata-se de um estudo longitudinal com quatro anos de acompanhamento envolvendo pessoas com idade ≥ 50 anos participantes do English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). No estudo de incidência de incapacidade em ABVD foram incluídos 4.814 participantes sem incapacidade na linha de base de acordo com o índice de Katz modificado. No estudo de incidência de incapacidade em AIVD foram incluídos 4.768 indivíduos participantes sem incapacidade na linha de base de acordo com o índice de Lawton modificado. A 25(OH)D foi mensurada e os participantes foram classificados como apresentando suficiência (> 50 nmol/L), insuficiência (> 30 e ≤ 50 nmol/L) e deficiência (≤ 30 nmol/L). Características sociodemográficas, comportamentais e clínicas também foram avaliadas na linha de base e consideradas variáveis de controle nos modelos de Poisson estratificados por sexo. Com dois e quatro anos de acompanhamento reavaliaram-se as ABVD e AIVD. Considerou-se caso incidente de incapacidade o relato de dificuldade em uma ou mais atividades dos Índices de Katz e Lawton. Resultados: A deficiência de 25(OH)D foi fator de risco para incidência de incapacidade em ABVD em mulheres (IRR = 1,54; IC 95% 1,17 – 2,03) e homens (IRR = 1,43; IC 95% 1,02 – 2,00) assim como para a incidência de incapacidade em AIVD em homens (IRR = 1,40; IC 95% 1,01 – 1,95). Conclusões: Apesar de evidenciarmos a deficiência de 25(OH)D como fator de risco para incidência de incapacidade em ABVD em ambos os sexos, somente os homens apresentaram tal risco para incidência de incapacidade em AIVD. Dado que a deficiência de 25(OH)D é uma condição modificável, ela deve ser alvo de estratégias terapêuticas para que possa ser prevenido ou revertido o processo de instalação ou progressão da incapacidade funcional.CAPES: código de financiamento - 00
Are adverse early life conditions risk factors for early mortality? Gender differences
No full textBackground: Adverse early life conditions seem to be associated with negative health outcomes. However, it is not known whether such conditions can contribute to the occurrence of an early death. Aims: Investigate the association between adverse early life conditions and mortality prior to 80 years and whether there are sex differences. Method: 941 participants of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing who died (before or after 80 years) between 2007 and 2018. At baseline (2006), all participants were evaluated regarding their socioeconomic status, infectious diseases and parental stress in childhood and adolescence. Logistic regression models were created for each sex and adjusted by the socioeconomic, behavioral and clinical variables of the participants in 2006. Results: Living with only one parent (OR = 3.79, 95% CI: 1.35 – 10.67), overprotected by the father (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.01 – 1.25) and having an infectious disease in childhood or adolescence (OR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.15 – 3.66) were associated with the risk of death prior to 80 years of age among the men. Overprotection by the father (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.07 – 1.39) was a risk factor for death prior to 80 years, whereas a low occupational class of the head of the household (OR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.34 – 0.98) and high levels of care from the mother in childhood and adolescence (OR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.76 – 0.99) were protection factors among the women. Conclusions: Worse socioeconomic and health conditions in childhood and adolescence increase the risk of early death among men. Overprotection on the part of the father increases the risk of early death in both sexes, whereas high levels of care from the mother protects women from this situation.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Introdução: Más condições de vida na infância e na adolescência parecem estar associadas a desfechos negativos de saúde. Entretanto, não se sabe se tais condições podem ou não acarretar em morte precoce. Objetivo: Investigar a associação entre as más condições de vida na infância e na adolescência e morte antes dos 80 anos e suas diferenças por sexo. Método: 941 participantes do English Longitudinal Study of Ageing que morreram antes ou depois dos 80 anos no período entre 2007 e 2018. Na linha de base (2006), todos foram avaliados quanto às condições socioeconômicas, doenças infecciosas e estresse parental na infância e adolescência. Modelos de regressão logística, por sexo, foram ajustados por variáveis socioeconômicas, comportamentais e clínicas dos participantes em 2006. Resultados: Viver somente com um dos pais (OR = 3,79 IC 95% 1,35 – 10,67), ter superproteção do pai (OR = 1,12 IC 95% 1,01 – 1,25) e doença infecciosa na infância ou adolescência (OR = 2,05 IC 95% 1,15 – 3,66) foram fatores de risco para morte antes dos 80 anos de idade em homens. Para mulheres a superproteção do pai (OR = 1,22 IC 95% 1,07 – 1,39) foi fator de risco para a morte antes dos 80 anos de idade enquanto a baixa ocupação do chefe da família (OR = 0,58 IC 95% 0,34 – 0,98) e o maior cuidado da mãe na infância e adolescência (OR = 0,86 IC 95% 0,76 – 0,99) foram fatores protetores. Conclusão: Piores condições socioeconômicas e de saúde na infância e adolescência aumentam o risco de mortalidade precoce em homens. A superproteção paterna aumenta o risco de mortalidade precoce em ambos os sexos, mas o cuidado materno só protege a mulher de tal condição.CAPES: código de financiamento - 00
Does abdominal obesity accelerate muscle strength decline in older adults? Evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
No full textObjective: The present study aimed to analyze how the presence of abdominal obesity can hasten the muscle strength decline in individuals aged 50 years or older over eight years of follow-up. Methods: We used longitudinal data from 5.181 participants from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). The presence of abdominal obesity was defined by the waist circumference > 102 cm for men and > 88 cm for women. After the baseline evaluation, new assessments were performed after 4 and 8 years subsequently. It was used generalized linear mixed models controlled by sociodemographic status, behavioural characteristics, clinical conditions, neuropsychiatric factors, serum and functional markers with handgrip strength decline as the outcome. Results: Although abdominal obese men started the trajectory with greater muscle strength, they had a higher muscle strength decline over eight years of follow-up (- 0.12 kg per year, 95% CI - 0.24 – - 0.01) compared to those men without abdominal obesity. The same results were not observed in women. It is important to mention that the non-stratified models, controlled by sex, incorrectly demonstrated that this outcome was valid for both sexes. Conclusion: Abdominal obesity has different effects on muscle strength decline among men and women over time. The larger adiposity in the abdominal area is predictive for worse trajectory of muscle strength decline only in men.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Objetivo: Analisar o quanto a presença de obesidade abdominal pode acelerar o declínio da força neuromuscular em indivíduos de 50 anos ou mais num período de oito anos de acompanhamento. Método: Foram utilizados dados de 5.181 participantes do English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). A força neuromuscular foi medida através da força de preensão manual. Os participantes foram classificados como obesos abdominais quando apresentassem circunferência de cintura > 102 cm para homens e > 88 cm para mulheres. Após a avaliação na linha de base, as reavaliações foram realizadas em 4 e 8 anos de acompanhamento. Modelos mistos lineares generalizados controlados por fatores socioeconômicos, hábitos de vida, condições de saúde, fatores neuropsiquiátricos, marcadores séricos e funcionalidade foram utilizados tendo o declínio da força de preensão manual como desfecho. Resultados: Apesar dos homens obesos abdominais partirem de uma trajetória com maior força neuromuscular, os mesmos apresentaram maior declínio de força ao longo dos oito anos de acompanhamento (- 0,12 kg ao ano; IC 95% - 0,24 – - 0,01) quando comparados aos não obesos abdominais. O mesmo não foi constatado nas mulheres. É válido destacar que os modelos não estratificados, somente controlados por sexo, demonstravam, incorretamente, que tal situação se dava em ambos os sexos. Conclusão: A obesidade abdominal apresenta diferentes efeitos no declínio da força neuromuscular entre homens e mulheres ao longo do tempo. A maior adiposidade em região abdominal é preditora de uma pior trajetória de força neuromuscular apenas no sexo masculino
Obesidade abdominal, dinapenia e obesidade abdominal dinapênica como fatores associados à quedas em idosos residentes no município de São Paulo - Estudo SABE
No full textObjective: The aim of the present study was to investigate associations between abdominal obesity/dynapenia/dynapenic abdominal obesity and a single fall/recurrent falls as well as determine the effect size of such associations using two cutoff points for dynapenia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1.063 older adults pertaining to the third wave of the Saúde, Bem Estar e Envelhecimento (SABE – Health, Wellbeing and Ageing) study. Abdominal obesity was defined as a waist circumference of >102 cm for men and > 88 cm for women. The following were the cutoff points for dynapenia: grip strength 102 cm para homens e > 88 cm para mulheres. As notas de corte para dinapenia foram: força de preensão manual < 30 kg para homens e < 20 kg para mulheres ou < 26 kg para homens e < 16 kg para mulheres. OA/D foi definida pela associação de OA e dinapenia. Quanto ao desfecho, os idosos foram classificados como não caidores, caidores únicos ou recorrentes. Fatores socioeconômicos, neuropsiquiátricos, ambientais, hábitos de vida, polifarmácia, estado de saúde e funcionalidade foram variáveis de controle nos modelos de regressão multinomial. Resultados: Adotando a nota de corte 30/20, encontramos somente a associação entre OA/D e queda única (RRR = 2,37 IC 95% 1,48–3,80). Em contrapartida, adotando a nota de corte 26/16 tanto a OA/D (RRR = 1,93 IC 95% 1,09–3,44), quanto a OA (RRR = 1,65 IC 95% 1,08–2,52) e a dinapenia (RRR = 1,77 IC 95% 1,01–3,13) associaram-se à queda única, sendo o tamanho do efeito da associação maior com OA/D do que com as duas condições isoladas. Além disso, a dinapenia definida com o corte 26/16 associou-se com quedas recorrentes (RRR = 2,39 IC 95% 1,19–4,82). Conclusões: A nota de corte adotada para definir dinapenia modifica as associações de OA, dinapenia, OA/D com queda única e recorrente, sendo o corte 26/16 melhor para identificá-las.FAPESP: 2015/18291-
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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