3,122 research outputs found
Common and private property to exhaustible resources: theoretical implications for economic growth
No full textWe develop two models of economic growth with exhaustible natural resources and consumers heterogeneous in time preferences. The first model assumes private ownership of natural resources. In the second model, natural resources are commonly owned and the resource extraction rate is chosen by voting. We show that if discount factors are given exogenously, the long-run rate of growth under private property is higher than or equal to that under common property. If the discount factors are formed endogenously, under some circumstances common property can result in a higher rate of growth than private property.natural resources, economic growth, voting, private property, common property
Stygiiulus tobias Vagalinski & Borissov & Bobeva & Canciani & Antić 2022, comb. nov.
No full textStygiiulus tobias (Berlese, 1886) comb. nov. Figs 10F, 11D, 13 Julus (Typhloiulus) Tobias Berlese, 1886: 98–99, tab. XIII, figs 20–23. Typhloiulus (Iulus, Mesoporoiulus) Tobia (tobias) – Manfredi 1932: 81. Typhloiulus tobias – Wolf 1934 –38: 516. — Vagalinski et al. 2015: 345–346. Typhloiulis (sic!) tobias – Boldori 1936: 113. Typhloiulus Tobia (sic!) – Boldori 1937: 11. Typhloiulus (Mesoporoiulus) tobias – Verhoeff 1930: 16–17, fig. 3. — Strasser 1962: 38–39, figs 11f, 45–46. Typhloiulus Tobias – Conci 1951: 44. Typhloiulus tobias var. fuscus Manfredi, 1953a: 139. ? Typhloiulus tobias pygmaeus Manfredi, 1953b: 100. Typhloiulus tobias fuscus – Manfredi 1953b: 101. Diagnosis A species of Stygiiulus stat. nov. with normal mouthparts. Clearly distinguishable from congeners by the very distinctive structure of the opisthomere (Fig. 10F) including a right- to acute-angled posterior hump pointing distad, a large, (sometimes) bipartite velum (with a posteriorly positioned distal outgrowth (do), this being much less prominent than in S. insularis comb. nov. and S. seewaldi comb. nov.), with the main part being mostly smooth (barely serrated), and a solenomere distally forming a stout anterior and a much more slender posterior branch, both apically finely ciliate; some specimens with a minute third thumb-like branch basally to the posterior branch. In addition, this species (except for its dubious subspecies T. t. pygmaeus, see below) differs from all other Stygiiulus stat. nov. species by the presence of a very long and upwards curved epiproct. Material examined ITALY • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Veneto, Altopiano dei Sette Comuni, Vastagna (VI), Grotta [cave] del Subiolo (135 V/VI); 169 m a.s.l.; 4 Mar. 1990; G. Peretto and E. Piva leg.; H. Enghoff det. 2013; NHMD. Descriptive notes ANTENNAE. 2.2–2.4 times as long as head and 1.65–1.7 as long as H in males, and 1.9–2 and 1.3– 1.4 times, respectively, in females; antennomere 5 2.6–2.9 times as long as broad; antennomeres 2, 3 and 5 subequal in length, slightly longer than 4, and 1.4–1.5 times as long as 6. TARSUS OF MID- BODY LEGS. 1.8–1.9 times as long as tibia and 2.8–4.3 times as long as apical claw. Midbody legs ca 1.25 times as long as H in males, and equal in length in females. FEMALE SEXUAL CHARACTERS. Leg-pairs 1 and 2 considerably thicker and shorter than following legs. Vulva (Fig. 11D) nearly symmetric; bursa slightly compressed in the sagittal plane; each valve distally with one vertical row of several setae; a similar row present on each side sclerite; operculum (op) very thick, subconical, i.e., tapering to a distinct blunt apex, exceeding bursa by ca 1 ⁄ 5 of total height of vulva, distally with a dense bunch of setae each side. Receptaculum seminis consisting of two long and narrow, closely adjacent tubes of equal length – a twisted lateral one (lt) leading to a small piriform ampulla (la), and a mostly straight mesal one (mt) ending in a somewhat larger ovoid ampulla (ma). Distribution Known from numerous caves and one epigean locality in the central Venetian Prealps, as well as from several caves in Monti Lessini (extreme south of the Venetian Prealps). Also known from two caves on the southern slopes of Dolomiti (Fig. 13, white squares). Remarks In the past, this taxon was treated as a member of Mesoporoiulus Verhoeff, 1905. Vagalinski et al. (2015) hypothesized it could be a somewhat deviating member of Stygiiulus. Here we fully confirm this assumption and formally transfer tobias to the genus Stygiiulus. The subspecies S. t. pygmaeus (Manfredi, 1953) comb. nov. has already caught the attention of Strasser (1962). On page 60 of the latter work, the author commented on the significant size difference between pygmaeus (23 mm of length) and the typical tobias (50–67 mm of length), and also emphasized the apparent confusion of Manfredi (1953b) regarding the gonopods of her newly described subspecies, which she stated to match well (along with most other characters) to the descriptions of tobias given by both Attems (1927) and Verhoeff (1930). In fact, what Attems (1927) recorded and depicted was S. maximus comb. nov. (see Remark under the latter species). The short and straight epiproct in pygmaeus (as originally described), unlike the long and upwards curved process in the typical form, adds further uncertainty about the identity of Manfredi’s subspecies. We agree with Strasser’s (1962) opinion that pygmaeus most likely represents a separate species. However, its status can only be resolved after examination of type or topotype material. The gonopods of the two presently examined males from Grotta del Subiolo differ fromVerhoeff’s(1930) drawings based on material from Grotta Parolini near Vastagna and/or “Bus de la Bela” near San Donato, prov. Belluno, by a blunt and finely serrated, rather than tapering and ciliate, posterior part of velum, and by an apically tri- instead of bipartite solenomere. In Grotta della Bigonda, this species lives in sympatry with S. ausugi comb. nov.Published as part of Vagalinski, Boyan, Borissov, Simeon, Bobeva, Aneliya, Canciani, Giacomo & Antić, Dragan Ž., 2022, The mostly cavernicolous millipede genus Stygiiulus Verhoeff, 1929, stat. nov.: taxonomy, distribution and phylogenetic relationships (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae), pp. 30-69 in European Journal of Taxonomy 798 on pages 55-57, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.798.1669, http://zenodo.org/record/632300
Hyperon Production in pp Collisions at √s = 7 TeV at the LHC with ALICE
No full textThe Sigma^0(Sigmā^0) baryon is studied in the transverse momentum range between 1 and 10 GeV/c using the unique capability of the ALICE detector to measure low energy photons. The production of the strange and double-strange baryon resonances (Sigma(1385)^+-, Xi(1530)^0) has been measured at mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.5) in proton-proton collisions at sqrts = 7 TeV. Transverse momentum spectra are compared to QCD-inspired models, which in general underpredict the data
Production of Σ
No full textThe first measurements of the transverse momentum (pT) spectra and integrated yields of Σ0 and Σ−0 baryons in proton-proton (pp) collisions at √s = 7 TeV are reported. The Σ0(Σ−0) signal is reconstructed via the Λ (Λ−) + γ decay channel by invariant mass analysis. The Λ (Λ−) baryon is reconstructed by its weak decay into p + π−(p− + π+), while the photon is detected exploiting the unique capability of the ALICE detector to measure low energy photons via conversion into e+e− pairs. A significant disagreement between the data and the predictions from the QCD-inspired Monte Carlo event generator PYTHIA is observed for the pT spectrum. The yield ratio of Σ0(Σ−0) to Λ is shown as a function of pT . Finally, the new data point for the integrated yield ratio of Σ0(Σ−0) to Λ from pp collisions at 7 TeV is found to be similar to the results obtained in different elementary collison systems (e+e−, pp) measured at collision energies below 100 GeV
Vulnerability and Bargaining Power in EU-Russia Gas Relations
No full textThis report contains three separate papers, each addressing selected issues concerning natural gas policy and security of gas supply in Europe. The over-arching themes are vulnerability (to supply disruptions, to supplier pricing power) and fragmentation; and measures designed to overcome them, namely interconnection and consolidation of bargaining power. The first paper contains a review of some of the economic effects of, and subsequent policy reactions to, the January 2009 cut of Russian gas supplies through the Ukraine Corridor, with a particular focus on Bulgaria and on EU policy. The second paper provides an analysis of the current state of gas relations between Ukraine and the Russian Federation, with a focus on the Ukrainian perspective and on recent political developments in that country. The third paper provides an analysis of the case for consolidating buyer power in line with the concept of an EU Gas Purchasing Agency.Natural gas, security of supply, supply disruption, interconnector, Russia, Ukraine, Bulgaria, European Union, energy policy, fragmentation, bargaining power, countervailing power, gas purchasing agency
Production of Hyperons and Search of Hypernuclei at LHC with ALICE
No full textThe first measurements of the transverse momentum () spectra of and hyperons in collisions at TeV at the LHC are presented. The () is reconstructed via its electromagnetic decay channel , while the () baryon is detected via its decay into ( + ). The low-energy photon is measured via conversion into pairs in the detector material and in PHOS calorimeter by exploiting the unique capability of the ALICE detector. The complementary results on the first detection of and hyperon at the LHC with ALICE are shown in collisions at TeV. The () is reconstructed via its weak decay into with a branching ratio of 51.57. The low-energy decays electromagnetically into two photons which detection is also challenging to measure with the ALICE apparatus. In addition, the feasibility of a search for a bound state of proton, neutron and hyperon, i.e. -hypernuclei, is presented on the base of luminosities foreseen for the LHC Runs 3 and 4
Common and private property to exhaustible resources: theoretical implications for economic growth
No full textWe develop two models of economic growth with exhaustible natural resources and consumers heterogeneous in time preferences. The first model assumes private ownership of natural resources. In the second model, natural resources are commonly owned and the resource extraction rate is chosen by voting. We show that if discount factors are given exogenously, the long-run rate of growth under private property is higher than or equal to that under common property. If the discount factors are formed endogenously, under some circumstances common property can result in a higher rate of growth than private property
Production of Hyperon and Search of Hypernuclei at LHC with ALICE
No full textThe first measurements of the transverse momentum () spectra and integrated yields and mean of and hyperons in collisions at TeV at the LHC are presented. The () is reconstructed via its electromagnetic decay channel (. The () baryon is reconstructed via its decay into (), while the photon is detected by exploiting the unique capability of the ALICE detector to measure low-energy photons via conversion into pairs in the detector material. The yield of is compared to that of the baryon, which has the same quark content but different isospin. These data contribute to the understanding of hadron production mechanisms and provide a reference for constraining QCD-inspired models and tuning Monte Carlo event generators such as PYTHIA. In addition, the feasibility of a search for a bound state of proton, neutron and ( hypernuclei H) is presented, based on the luminosities foreseen for the LHC Runs 3 and 4
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