2,288 research outputs found
Knowledge-of-own-factivity, the definition of surprise, and a solution to the Surprise Examination paradox
No full textFitch's Paradox and the Paradox of the Knower both make use of the Factivity Principle. The latter also makes use of a second principle, namely the Knowledge-of-Factivity Principle. Both the principle of factivity and the knowledge thereof have been the subject of various discussions, often in conjunction with a third principle known as Closure. In this paper, we examine the well-known Surprise Examination paradox considering both the principles on which this paradox rests and some formal characterisations of the surprise notion, crucial in this paradox. Standard formalizations of the Surprise Examination paradox in modal logic do not seem, at first glance, to depend on either factivity or knowledge-of-factivity, but we will argue that both factivity and knowledge-of-factivity play a key implicit role in the paradox. Namely, they are implicitly, perhaps unintentionally, used in order to simplify the definition of surprise. We analyze modal logical formalizations of three versions of the paradox concluding that the Surprise Examination paradox is the result of two flaws: the assumption of knowledge-of-factivity, and the over-simplification of the definition of "surprise" accordingly. By fixing these two flaws, the Surprise Examination paradox vanishes
The 'true use of reading' : Sarah Fielding and mid eighteenth-century literary strategies.
No full textPhDThe aim of this thesis is to explore, by examining her life and
works, how Sarah Fielding (1710-68) established her identity as an author.
The definition of her role involves her notions of the functions of
writing and reading.
Sarah Fielding attempts to invite readers to form a sense of ties
by tacit understanding of her messages. As she believes that a work
of literature is produced through collaboration between the writer and
the reader, it is an important task in her view to show her attentiveness
toward reading practice. In her consideration of reading, she has two
distinct, even opposite views of her audience: on the one hand a familiar
and limited circle of readers with shared moral and cultural values and
on the other potential readers among the unknown mass of people. The
dual targets direct her to devise various strategies. She tries to
appeal to those who can endorse and appreciate her moral values as well
as her learning. Her writings and letters testify that she is sensitive
to the demands of the literary market, trying to lead the taste of readers
by inventing new forms.
The thesis opens with an overview of Sarah Fielding's career,
followed by a consideration of her critical attention to the roles of
reading. I go on to examine the narrative structures and strategies
she deploys, with a particular emphasis on her use of the epistolary
method. The following chapter deals with her attention to the reading
of the moral message tangibly embodied in her educational writing. It
is followed by an analysis of the activity which earned her a reputation
as a learned woman. Various as the forms of her works are, they invariably
reflect her attempt to balance herself between the two demands of
inventiveness and familiarity
Saving the Samuel Allen Law: Training Police to Prevent Deadly Miscommunications during Traffic Stops of Drivers with Disabilities
No full textSaving the Samuel Allen Law: Training Police to Prevent Deadly Miscommunications during Traffic Stops of Drivers with Disabilities examines the Texas statute designed to reduce fatal misunderstandings between law enforcement officers and drivers with disabilities during traffic stops. It analyzes the communication barriers that routinely place individuals with cognitive, intellectual, or sensory disabilities at heightened risk during police encounters. The author maintains that meaningful implementation of the law requires robust, disability-informed training for officers that goes beyond procedural awareness. Through legal analysis and policy evaluation, the article identifies gaps in current training practices and proposes reforms to improve officer preparedness and driver safety. Ultimately, it contends that comprehensive training under the Samuel Allen Law is essential to preventing avoidable harm and fostering trust between police and disabled members of the community
Habit and spontaneity in Samuel Beckett's English fictions.
No full textPhDIn this study I will be analysing the way in which the contraries
that Beckett calls habit and spontaneity are used in the fictions he
wrote in English. In his discursive writings Beckett comments on human experience
generally and on the experience of artists particularly in terms of
these contraries. I will show that they can be seen as applicable
to the people who populate Beckett's early fictions, and thus as
illuminating the meaning of those fictions
Sarah Fielding: Satire and Subversion in the Eighteenth-Century Novel
No full textThis study of Sarah Fielding (1710―68) is an original contribution to Fielding scholarship that has a dual purpose: to support those who are striving to re-introduce her to the modern literary landscape in an effort to restore her eighteenth-century literary standing, and to firmly establish Fielding as an early feminist writer. It is argued here that throughout her oeuvre Fielding challenged prevailing traditions that denied women a choice, particularly in education, employment and marriage. These themes are also considered in the political treatises of Mary Astell (1666―1731) and Mary Wollstonecraft (1759―97), who are now widely recognised as feminist writers.
It is further argued that Fielding’s subversion in fiction of the English patriarchal system is underscored by her unorthodox performance in the literary arena. This is fully explored alongside her use of sentimentalism as a literary tool with which she challenges her seemingly inhumane society. Fielding’s interest in ‘the Labyrinths of the Mind’ (in modern terms, human psychology) will also be addressed as will her placement in the history of feminism and her placement in the sentimental novel tradition. Fielding’s performance as a literary critic will be compared with the few female authors who, like her, dared to publish literary criticism during her writing career. Accordingly, extracts from Fielding’s novels and her two critical pamphlets will be thoroughly examined.
An updated biography of Fielding that is also included here will provide evidence for a further claim, that her fiction is autobiographical in part. A comprehensive account of Fielding’s performance as a literary critic forms the final chapter of this work. It is the first full-length examination of her contribution to the genre and includes an appraisal of her recently unearthed critical pamphlet entitled A Comparison Between the Horace of Corneille and The Roman Father of Mr. Whitehead (1750) that is yet to be formerly attributed to her. Ultimately this study of Fielding will go far beyond what has previously been written about this remarkable eighteenth-century author, particularly regarding her feminist activity
What Led Jesus to be Called the Son of God? An Historical Investigation of how an Appellation of Alexander the Great and of the Roman Emperors came to be used of Jesus.
No full textAbstract of a Master of Letters Degree, Durham University
The Reverend Canon William Ernest Lionel Broad M.A., Durham University
By 100 CE the principal appellation of Jesus of Nazareth had become ’Son of God’; a title of such importance to his followers that one of their principle activities for the succeeding 350 years was to define its meaning. Yet this dissertation maintains that widespread belief that the title originates in the Hebrew Scriptures is misplaced. Investigation of Jewish literature leads to the discovery that the title ‘Son of God’ was seldom used in it and never in such a way as to justify it becoming Jesus’ most significant appellation. The aim of my thesis is to examine where else in the ancient world the appellation ‘Son of God’ was used, and, when it was used, to see if it could provide the basis for describing Jesus by this title. The objective of the dissertation is to establish that the use of this title by Greeks and Romans provided the model for Jesus of Nazareth to be called ‘Son of God’.
Chapter 1 examines the religions of Persia, Egypt and Greece and finds that, in the world of mythology, Greek heroes were born as a result of intercourse between a god and a human being and were called sons of the gods. Chapter 2 examines the career of Alexander the Great and especially his visit to the shrine at Siwa and finds that he was there proclaimed a son of god. It establishes that this proclamation transformed the appellation ‘Son of God’ from a mythological to a historical title and led to Alexander’s deification. Chapter 3 examines the Hebrew Scriptures and other Jewish literature with the results described above. Chapter 4 examines the use of the title ‘Son of God’ in the New Testament and discusses the development of this title in the unfolding history of the first century church. It finds that the title was first used of Jesus in Greece during Paul’s ministry to the gentiles and that it provided the motif for Mark’s Gospel. Chapter 5 assesses the use of ‘Son of God’ in post apostolic literature and establishes that, though this literature shows a development of the appellation, it provides no further clue as to it origin. Chapter 6 investigates the effect that the titling of Augustus and subsequent Roman emperors as sons of god had on the way Jesus was portrayed by the evangelists. In particular, it finds that Augustus, originally called a ‘Son of God’ because his father was deified on his death, is portrayed as a figure of such excellence that he was deified during his lifetime.
Chapter 7 concludes the thesis. It shows that Alexander, a person whose historical doings more than justified his being described as ‘the Great’ and who was surrounded by fabulous legends, provided a precedent for a human being to be called a ‘Son of God’ and hence for Jesus of Nazareth to be so described. It indicates how events at Siwa were a precursor of the baptism of Jesus, how one of the temptations was clearly modelled on Alexander’s experiences at Siwa and how Jesus’ reported age at his crucifixion was perhaps chosen because it was Alexander’s age when he died. It also shows how the widespread titling of Roman emperors as sons of gods seriously influenced the way Jesus was perceived as ‘Son of God’. Three appendices examine the birth stories of Alexander, the Messiah as ‘Son of God and some of the titles of Augustus that are relevant to the thesis
Agricultural crop residue cover estimation using image analysis and machine learning
No full textSubmission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2025-08-01The student, Samuel Folorunsho, accepted the attached license on 2023-05-05 at 16:23.The student, Samuel Folorunsho, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2023-05-05 at 16:48.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2023-05-05 at 16:52.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #19363 on 2023-12-04 at 17:29:50Management of prior seasons crop residue is an important agronomic and sustainability consideration for row-crop agriculture. However, current methods of estimating residue coverage require human inference and, thus, are typically non-systematic in their on-farm implementations. This research presents a straightforward and efficient method of collecting labeled crop residue coverage imagery data using on-board sensors while performing tillage operations. The manual line-transect measurement method used for labelling is assessed for accuracy to understand its limitations, and the resulting images are analyzed for potential automatic estimation methods. An adaptive thresholding algorithm based on Otsu's method is then presented to estimate the Crop Residue Cover (CRC) levels for a given image. An evaluation metric, the baseline sigma, was introduced which was derived from the universal deviation value of obtained from the line-transect accuracy verification experiment. Results using this metric shows an accuracy of on the test dataset. The adaptive thresholding algorithm is also compared and shown to outperform other similar low-cost methods such as global thresholding and standard Otsu's method on the same test images. Also in this study, a deep learning-based approach to crop residue classification using the ResNet-18 model is presented as an alternative to the adaptive thresholding method. The model was fine-tuned on a crop residue dataset and achieved a 98% Top-1 accuracy during training and a 94% Top-1 accuracy on the test dataset. An evaluation metric, the delta ± 1 accuracy criterion, was introduced, which allows for a small tolerance in classification, accounting for cases where the model's prediction is close to the ground truth. By applying the delta ± 1 accuracy criterion, the model's performance increased to 98% accuracy on the test data. To demonstrate the model's applicability in real-world situations, tillage efficacy and uniformity were tested by segmenting a test image and analyzing the predictions. The results showed the model's effectiveness in classifying crop residues under varying field conditions and its potential for assessing the uniformity of tillage operations. The deep learning-based approach offers a valuable tool for improving crop residue management, addresses the limitations of traditional methods and provides a more accurate and efficient solution for crop residue monitoring and decision-making processes
The Oak House, West Bromwich, Staffordshire (Proof)
No full textOriginal sketch of a house with three large chimney stacks depicting a man holding two horses for the hunt by Allen Edward Everitt (1824-1882). Published in London July 1, 1845 by Chapman & Hall. Artist proof. Originally produced for "The Baronial Halls, and Picturesque Edifices of England", London 1848, author; Sameul Carter HallMr JA van Tilburg bequeathed his "prentenkabinet" of over 10 000 graphic works to the University of PretoriaJacob van Tilburgab201
The N. England kalendar, 1704. Or An almanack for the year of our Lord, 1704 [electronic resource] : ... Calculated for and fitted to the meridian of Boston in N.E. whose lat. is 42. g. 25. m. north, but may well serve any part of New-England ... By a lover of astronomy. With allowance.
No full textIn this preface, the author continues his controversy with Samuel Clough, criticizing him and his New-England almanack for 1703 by name. Clough, in his 1704 almanac, replied in kind.Signatures: [A]p8sBristol,Shipton & Mooney,Drake, M. Almanacs,Electronic reproduction.English Short Title Catalog,Reproduction of original from Boston Public Library
Allen, Lawrence Samuel (Death, 1898-06-23)
No full textAddress: 413 Park St.Age at death: 5 Months315/Pg 59/1898/M W S/Cinti, Ohio/Dr. A.W. Scofield/J.J. Sullivan & Co./St. Joseph NewOriginal record filed in drawer labeled'ALEXANDER-ALMS'
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