1,720,990 research outputs found
Abstract 2974: Obesity-induced modifications in the mammary gland microenvironment promote TNBC progression even after weight loss
No full textAbstract
Obesity contributes to 20% of US female cancer deaths and is linked to increased risk for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), as well as increased risk of vascular invasion, metastasis, and mortality in breast cancer patients. We previously showed that obesity-induced elevation of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signaling through its receptor, cMET, accelerated development of tumors in the C3(1)-TAg GEMM of TNBC compared to low fat diet (LFD)-fed lean controls. Weight loss significantly reduced HGF/cMET signaling in normal mammary glands and cMET in tumors, and reversed high fat diet (HFD)-driven tumor progression, while crizotinib-mediated cMET inhibition limited tumor development and microvascular density in both lean and obese C3(1)-TAg mice. To differentiate tumor-intrinsic versus microenvironment-associated mechanisms, we employed an orthotopic transplant model of a C3(1)-TAg TNBC cell line to investigate tumor growth dynamics in lean, obese, or formerly obese (FOb) microenvironments. We hypothesized that TNBC tumors derived from lean C3(1)-TAg mice and transplanted into obese mice would grow more rapidly, contain more macrophages (MFs) and exhibit greater blood vessel density than tumors in lean or FOb mice due to obesity-induced MF and/or endothelial secretion of HGF. At 8 weeks of age, female FVB/NJ mice were randomized to diet groups (N=20/diet): 1) lean (LFD, 10% kcal from fat), 2) obese (HFD, 60% kcal from fat) 3) or FOb (HFD, 5 weeks; LFD, 5 weeks). Following 10 weeks on diets mice were injected with 2x105 luciferase-tagged C3(1)-TAg cells. Tumor volume was measured by calipers. At 21 days post-injection mice were sacrificed for tissue collection. Normal mammary gland, tumors, and tumor-adjacent adipose + tumor-draining lymph node were collected for histological examination and gene expression analysis. Mammary fat pad mass in obese FVB/NJ mice (0.27 g) was significantly greater than lean (0.14 g) or FOb animals (0.11 g) (P<0.0001). Tumor volume at sacrifice was significantly greater in obese vs lean animals (190 mm3 vs 89.96 mm3, respectively; P<0.05). However, mean final tumor volume in FOb animals (148.0 mm3) did not differ significantly from either lean or obese mice. Our findings show that obesity accelerated tumor progression relative to lean mice. C3(1)-TAg cells transplanted into FOb mice resulted in an intermediate rate of tumor growth, suggesting that obesity-mediated changes to the microenvironment were not fully corrected by weight loss despite normalization of body weight and adiposity. To elucidate how the FOb mammary microenvironment persists in driving TNBC tumor promotion, planned analyses include histological examination of candidate mediators, including MF infiltration and regional lymph node metastasis by diet group, as well as quantification of pro-growth and pro-angiogenic signaling molecules (e.g., HGF, VEGF, Ang2) in lysates of tumors and tumor-adjacent adipose.
Citation Format: Alyssa J. Cozzo, Ottavia Zattra, Alex J. Freemerman, Liza Makowski. Obesity-induced modifications in the mammary gland microenvironment promote TNBC progression even after weight loss [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2974. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-2974</jats:p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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