1,721,228 research outputs found
Retention of a Bean Phaseolin/Maize γ-Zein Fusion in the Endoplasmic Reticulum Depends on Disulfide Bond Formation
No full textMost seed storage proteins of the prolamin class accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as large insoluble polymers termed protein bodies (PBs), through mechanisms that are still poorly understood. We previously showed that a fusion between the Phaseolus vulgaris vacuolar storage protein phaseolin and the N-terminal half of the Zea mays prolamin γ-zein forms ER-located PBs. Zeolin has 6 Cys residues and, like γ-zein with 15 residues, is insoluble unless reduced. The contribution of disulfide bonds to zeolin destiny was determined by studying in vivo the effects of 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) and by zeolin mutagenesis. We show that in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) protoplasts, 2-ME enhances interactions of newly synthesized proteins with the ER chaperone BiP and inhibits the secretory traffic of soluble proteins with or without disulfide bonds. In spite of this general inhibition, 2-ME enhances the solubility of zeolin and relieves its retention in the ER, resulting in increased zeolin traffic. Consistently, mutated zeolin unable to form disulfide bonds is soluble and efficiently enters the secretory traffic without 2-ME treatment. We conclude that disulfide bonds that lead to insolubilization are a determinant for PB-mediated protein accumulation in the E
Tavola Rotonda. Partecipano Fulvio Salimbeni, Hassan R. Dalafi, Alessandro Vitale, Moni Ovadia
Full text linkLa Tavola Rotonda mette a confronto alcuni aspetti dei “clerici vagantes”, interpretati come intellettuali ma anche come espressione di una cultura dell’apertura all’e-sterno e quindi come rifiuto della chiusura al nazionalismo e alla patria. Ciò viene sviluppato da quattro autori secondo modalità specifiche. Fulvio Salimbeni definisce e interpreta i “cle-rici vagantes” come fenomeno dell’Europa medievale di intellettuali (studenti universitari e professori) che passano per le tante istituzioni universitarie, dando luogo a una nuova cultura fondata sugli incontri tra il portatore di differenti carismi ed elaborata dalla scoperta e dalla sintesi tra lingue e culture (latina, greca, araba, ebraica). L’autore d’altro canto sottolinea la ricchezza dagli apporti dal Medioevo che verrà chiuso dalla successiva modernità plasmata dalla chiusura nel nazionalismo e dall’enfasi sulla patria nei secoli dal Seicento in poi. L’autore sottolinea la possibilità della ripresa dallo spirito di apertura nei tempi attuali con la circolazione europea e mondiale di studenti e professori che favoriscono il dialogo (Programmi Socrates ed Erasmus). Hassan Dalafi evidenzia il ruolo degli intellettuali nel mondo arabo-persiano fino al Trecento. Questi diffondono una circolazione di studenti e professori per le Madrase e per le tante corti di regnanti. Con ciò svolgendo due ruoli di formazione delle nuove classi di intellettuali e di formazione delle classi dominanti nelle corti con raffinate “di-sputationes”. Alessandro Vitale sottolinea che la mobilità del pensiero richiede una capacità di essere liberi, e quindi di avere sviluppato il coraggio della liberta. E il “clericus vagans”, per essere tale, ha bisogno di libertà, ma vivere questa richiede quel coraggio che a volte non c’è, ed anzi la libertà fa paura, e ciò capita quando il nazionalismo cristallizza e istituzio-nalizza proprio questa paura della libertà. L’autore sviluppa tale dimensione prendendo in considerazione la situazione dell’uscita dal totalitarismo comunista dei paesi dell’est Europa che a cavallo del Ventesimo secolo e l’inizio del Ventunesimo secolo cercano di fare. L’autore problematizza questo discorso tra paura e coraggio della libertà di uscire dal totalitarismo a seconda che un paese l’abbia vissuto per un lungo periodo o per breve tempo. Moni Ovadia introduce il concetto di esilio per comprendere un’altra dimensione della libertà e del viaggio nella terra del pensiero ma anche nel viaggio nel deserto in cui i confini sono molto mobili. L’autore sviluppa tale discorso ricorrendo alla Bibbia e al dialogo di Abramo e il popolo ebreo con il Santo Benedetto (che è Dio per gli ebrei) che è sempre molto attento a dire che la “terra è mia”, e quindi affermando che la terra promessa non è la terra del nazionalismo (e della stabilità), ma questa terra promessa in realtà è la terra dello straniero, del pensiero, del viaggio, della libertà. Tale lettura del continuo viaggio lo ritroviamo nel Medioevo, sotto le diverse forme ed è comune all’intellettuale ebreo e dei “clerici vagantes”, ma anche in succes-sive epoche l’intellettuale ebreo vive l’esperienza della “glorificazione dell’esilio condiviso con altri popoli come gli armeni, i curdi, i palestinesi, e vi continua queste eredità del viaggio e del movimento”.The Round Table explores a number of features of the clerici vagantes, seen here not only as intellectuals but as an expression of a culture of openness to the outside and thus as a rejection of the closure that is nationalism and the homeland. Four authors develop the idea in their own ways. Fulvio Salimbeni defines and interprets the clerici vagantes as a medieval European phenomenon of intellectuals (university students and professors) whose travels encompassed many universities, giving rise to a new culture based on encounters be-tween the bearers of different vocations and developed by the discovery and synthesis of languages and cultures (Latin, Greek, Arabic and Hebrew). He emphasises the richness of the medieval movement, which was subsequently negated by the advent of modernity and distorted by the closure of nationalism and the exaltation of the homeland from the 17th century onwards. The author points to the possible revival of that spirit of openness in the present day through the movement around Europe and the world of students and teachers who foster dialogue (the Socrates and Erasmus programmes). Hassan Dalafi highlights the role of intellectuals in the Arab-Persian world up to the 14th century, in which students and teachers circulated among the madrassas and royal courts. In this capacity they educated new generations of intellectuals and the ruling classes at court with their refined disputationes. Alessandro Vitale points out that the mobility of thought requires an ability to be free, and thus to have acquired the courage of freedom. And to be what he was, the clericus vagans needed not only freedom but the capacity to live it to the full, which requires a courage some-times absent – freedom can become daunting, which is what happens when nationalism crystallises and institutionalises a fear of freedom. The author develops this argument in the context of eastern European countries as they stug The Round Table explores a number of features of the clerici vagantes, seen here not only as intellectuals but as an expression of a culture of openness to the outside and thus as a rejection of the closure that is nationalism and the homeland. Four authors develop the idea in their own ways. Fulvio Salimbeni defines and interprets the clerici vagantes as a medieval European phenomenon of intellectuals (uni-versity students and professors) whose travels encompassed many universities, giving rise to a new culture based on encounters between the bearers of different vocations and developed by the discovery and synthesis of languages and cultures (Latin, Greek, Arabic and Hebrew). He emphasises the richness of the medieval movement, which was subsequently negated by the advent of modernity and distorted by the closure of nationalism and the exaltation of the homeland from the 17th century onwards. The author points to the possible revival of that spirit of openness in the present day through the movement around Europe and the world of students and teachers who foster dialogue (the Socrates and Erasmus programmes). Hassan Dalafi highlights the role of intellectuals in the Arab-Persian world up to the 14th century, in which students and teachers circulated among the madrassas and royal courts. In this capacity they educated new generations of intellectuals and the ruling classes at court with their refined disputationes. Alessandro Vitale points out that the mobility of thought requires an ability to be free, and thus to have acquired the courage of freedom. And to be what he was, the clericus vagans needed not only freedom but the capacity to live it to the full, which requires a courage sometimes absent – freedom can become daunting, which is what happens when nationalism crystallises and institutionalises a fear of freedom. The author develops this argument in the context of eastern European countries as they struggled to emerge from decades of communist dictatorship at the turn of the century. The author posits the length of time spent under totalitarianism as a discriminating factor between the fear and courage of freedom. Moni Ovadia introduces the concept of exile to encompass another dimension of freedom and travel in the land of thought, also a journey into a desert whose borders are highly mobile. He develops these ideas by resorting to the Bible. In the dialogue of Abraham and the Jewish people with God, the latter is at pains to point out that the “land is mine” – an assertion that the promised land is not the land of nationalism (or stability), but is in fact the land of the foreigner, of thought, of travel, of freedom. Such an interpretation of continuous travel reappears in medieval times in various forms and is common to the Jewish intellectual and the clerici vagantes; but in subsequent periods Jewish intellectuals also experienced the “glorification of exile shared with other peoples, such as Armenians, Kurds and Palestinians, and this heritage of travel and movement continues”
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Persuasione e narrazione : l'exemplum tra due retoriche (VI-XII sec.)
No full textAlessandro Vitale-Brovarone, Persuasione e narrazione : l'«exemplum» fra due retouche (VI-XII sec), p. 87-112.
L'exemplum altomedievale, per l'indeterminazione del suo campo di impiego, pone in modo ideale i problemi dell'exemplum in generale. L'exemplum sfugge ad una definizione teorica che non sia troppo generica (definizione «retorica») o troppo restrittiva (definizione «degli storici»), cosi come sfugge ad una descrizione tipologica. È in se una non buona fonte storico-antropologica in quanto mancano, attorno al messaggio che esso reca, gli elementi essenziali costituenti il rapporto fra emittente e destinatario.
La retorica tardo-antica e altomedievale tende a sottolinearne progressivamente gli aspetti narrativi, indicandone talora una destinazione popolare, in cui è da vedere una connotazione del tipo di argomentazione più che di un pubblico. Il suo prevalente impiego in letteratura religiosa o moraleggiante è
(v. rétro) dovuto alle modalità di consegna delle fonti piuttosto che ad una caratteristica costitutiva. Il suo diffondersi nella letteratura religiosa, con gli ordini mendicanti, è da vedere come un tentativo di proposta di un modello di comportamento «morale» che si opponesse ai modelli che la narrativa «profana» diffondeva : il rapporto fra narrativa «sacra» e «profana» è da vedere come dialettico e non genetico.Vitale-Brovarone Alessandro. Persuasione e narrazione : l'exemplum tra due retoriche (VI-XII sec.). In: Mélanges de l'Ecole française de Rome. Moyen-Age, Temps modernes, tome 92, n°1. 1980. pp. 87-112
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
