334 research outputs found

    Characterizing hyperbolic spaces and real trees

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    Let X be a geodesic metric space. Gromov proved that there exists k>0 such that if every sufficiently large triangle T satisfies the Rips condition with constant k times pr(T), where pr(T) is the perimeter T, then X is hyperbolic. We give an elementary proof of this fact, also giving an estimate for k. We also show that if all the triangles T in X satisfy the Rips condition with constant k times pr(T), then X is a real tree. Moreover, we point out how this characterization of hyperbolicity can be used to improve a result by Bonk, and to provide an easy proof of the (well-known) fact that X is hyperbolic if and only if every asymptotic cone of X is a real tree

    Central extensions and bounded cohomology

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    It was shown by Gersten that a central extension of a finitely generated group is quasi-isometrically trivial provided that its Euler class is bounded. We say that a finitely generated group GG satisfies Property QITB (quasi-isometrically trivial implies bounded) if the Euler class of any quasi-isometrically trivial central extension of GG is bounded. We exhibit a finitely generated group GG which does not satisfy Property QITB. This answers a question by Neumann and Reeves, and provides partial answers to related questions by Wienhard and Blank. We also prove that Property QITB holds for a large class of groups, including amenable groups, right-angled Artin groups, relatively hyperbolic groups with amenable peripheral subgroups, and 3-manifold groups. Finally, we show that Property QITB holds for every finitely presented group if a conjecture by Gromov on bounded primitives of differential forms holds as well.Comment: v3: Final version to appear on Annales Henri Lebesgu

    Rigidity of Mapping Class Group Mod Powers of Dehn Twists

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    In this thesis, which is the extended version of the paper "Rigidity of Mapping Class Groups mod powers of Twists" with Alessandro Sisto (https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.11014), we study quotients of mapping class groups of punctured spheres by suitable large powers of Dehn twists. In particular, we show that these groups coincide with the simplicial automorphisms of the corresponding quotients of curve graphs, thus establishing an analogue of Ivanov's theorem. Then we use this fact to show that these quotient groups are quasi-isometrically rigid and that their automorphism groups coincide with the groups themselves

    Are Agri-Food Systems Really Switching to a Circular Economy Model? Implications for European Research and Innovation Policy

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    The shift from a linear model to a circular model can significantly reduce the negative pressures on the environment and contribute to restoring biodiversity and natural capital in Europe. In this view, research and innovation (R&I) play a relevant role in setting the modalities of this transition. Therefore, the European Commission (EC) recently promoted dedicated research activity instruments in this vital area of the economy and in society as a whole. This paper aims to shed light on current public efforts on R&I supporting the transition to the CE (circular economy) model, opening a critical debate on the actual relevance of the CE in current R&I policy with its major research policy schemes in the recent programming periods of 2007–2013 and 2014–2020. Looking at the most significant EC programs sponsoring R&I, it seems that the will to increase the sustainability of the agri-food system and to foster the socio-technical transition towards circularity is evident but not very relevant. The data presented leaves some open questions concerning the effective commitment of European countries to promoting resource efficiency via R&I

    I pittori di Sisto V

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    e anche pp. 343-350. Dispense del Corso di Storia dell'Arte Moderna I, prof. Maurizio Calves

    Commensurating endomorphisms of acylindrically hyperbolic groups and applications

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    We prove that the outer automorphism group Out(G) is residually finite when the group G is virtually compact special (in the sense of Haglund and Wise) or when G is isomorphic to the fundamental group of some compact 3-manifold. To prove these results we characterize commensurating endomorphisms of acylindrically hyperbolic groups. An endomorphism φ of a group G is said to be commensurating, if for every g ∈ G some non-zero power of φ(g) is conjugate to a non-zero power of g. Given an acylindrically hyperbolic group G, we show that any commensurating endomorphism of G is inner modulo a small perturbation. This generalizes a theorem of Minasyan and Osin, which provided a similar statement in the case when G is relatively hyperbolic. We then use this result to study pointwise inner and normal endomorphisms of acylindrically hyperbolic groups.</p

    Progetti del mondo. Kurd Laßwitz alla ricerca dell'utopia

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    Si ripercorrono i motivi utopici nella narrativa di Kurd Laßwit

    Ideazione ed esecuzione nei cicli pittorici di Gregorio XIII e Sisto V

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    L’articolo analizza i processi di ideazione e di esecuzione dei grandi cicli pittorici promossi dai papi Bocompagni e Peretti, sottolineandone gli elementi di differenziazione ma anche quelli di continuità. Si può dire che Sisto V non operò una effettiva rottura con le scelte del suo predecessore, ma che apportò ad esse delle modifiche derivate dalla volontà di abbreviare al massimo i tempi di realizzazione. Così si arrivò ad aumentare il già grande numero di artisti impiegati simultaneamente nello stesso cantiere ( a ognuno era affidata una porzione di affresco), e soprattutto a perfezionare in maniera pragmatica l’organizzazione del lavoro, che indirizzava gli artisti verso le diverse specialità secondo le attitudini (pittori di figura, di grottesche, di paesaggio), e operava contemporaneamente uno stretto controllo dei tempi di esecuzione. Già in alcune imprese decorative di Papa Boncompagni emerge il ruolo di Cesare Nebbia come ideatore dei soggetti di storia: mentre a lui appartengono con certezza i numerosi disegni progettuali rintracciati, l’esecuzione pittorica è per lo più affidata ad altri pittori. Sono inoltre evidenti variazioni tra i disegni progettuali e gli affreschi finali, che dimostrano come venisse esercitata una sorveglianza sulla resa dei soggetti scelti, in modo che fosse più chiara ed efficace. Vengono poi esaminati diversi disegni di Nebbia per affreschi dei cicli eseguiti per Sisto V: la presenza di più studi per un singolo episodio dimostrano da parte dell’artista una elaborazione veloce ma non affrettata, che studia attentamente gli spazi a disposizione per adattavi le scene. La presenza, accanto ai disegni di Nebbia e di Guerra, di studi preparatori di altri artisti suggerisce che nei cantieri Sistini ad alcune personalità veniva lasciato, oltre al ruolo di esecutore, uno spazio più ampio di ideazione e interpretazione : è il caso di Ferraù Fenzoni, di cui si conoscono per esempio studi definiti sia della scena d’assieme che delle singole figure del ‘Mosè e il serpente di bronzo’alla Scala Santa, mentre Nebbia gli fornì solo un progetto di massima. Lo stesso Fenzoni eseguì abbozzi poi utilizzati da altri pittori negli stessi cantieri, come Paul Bril, che evidentemente era autonomo nella progettazione delle scene paesistiche, ma seguiva un progetto fornito da altri per le figure di grandi dimensioni

    The zero norm subspace of bounded cohomology of acylindrically hyperbolic groups

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    We construct combinatorial volume forms of hyperbolic three manifolds fibering over the circle. These forms define non-trivial classes in bounded cohomology. After introducing a new seminorm on exact bounded cohomology, we use these combinatorial classes to show that, in degree 3, the zero norm subspace of the bounded cohomology of an acylindrically hyperbolic group is infinite dimensional. In an appendix we use the same techniques to give a cohomological proof of a lower bound, originally due to Brock, on the volume of the mapping torus of a cobounded pseudo-Anosov homeomorphism of a closed surface in terms of its Teichmiiller translation distance
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