1,720,972 research outputs found
Expression of Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Neurturin in Mature Kidney, Nephrogenic Rests, and Nephroblastoma: Possible Role as Differentiating Factors
No full textAbstract Kidney development involves a series of complex interactions between the ureteric bud and undifferentiated mesenchyme, resulting in the production of the nephron unit. Among locally derived soluble factors, a particular relevance has been recognized to glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and neurturin (NTN) for the mesenchyme-to-epithelial conversion of a metanephron. Nephroblastoma is a developmental tumor of the kidney deriving from metanephric blastema that mimics renal development and may offer an adequate model of human nephrogenesis. We investigated the immunohistochemical expression of GDNF, NTN, and their receptors (GFRalpha1, 2, and 3, and Ret) in normal human kidney and in 42 nephroblastomas, 20 of which were associated with nephrogenic rests (group A) and 22 were not (group B). We compared the immunostaining pattern in group A vs. group B and correlated clinical course with stage, grade, presence of nephrogenic rests, and immunohistochemical findings. GDNF, NTN, and their receptors were expressed in mature kidney and in 67% (GDNF) and 33% (NTN) of tumors, particularly in the epithelial component; precursor lesions were negative. No significant differences of expression were observed between groups A and B tumors. Low stage (P = 0.012), absence of nephrogenic rests (P = 0.016), intense expression of GDNF (P = 0.034), and NTN (P = 0.05) were associated with a more favorable outcome. Besides inductive activity in nephrogenesis, GDNF and NTN may play a role in maintaining differentiation and survival functions in mature kidney and may contribute to induce differentiation of nephroblastoma cells toward the less aggressive epithelial component. The pathway of activation seems to follow an autocrine/paracrine mechanism, as neurotrophic factors, GFRalpha1-2-3 receptors and Ret are coexpressed
Continuing Response to Subsequent Treatment Lines With Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in an Adolescent With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
No full textA 14-year-old girl with metastatic renal cell carcinoma was treated with nephrectomy, interferon, and several lines of the targeted agents sorafenib, bevacizumab, sunitinib, and everolimus, either alone or in combination. Treatment was well tolerated, but the patient developed hypothyroidism and significant hypertension with bevacizumab and sunitinib. She responded to all agents and was given radiation treatment twice at the time of symptomatic disease progression; she died 33 months from diagnosis
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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