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Infant-Directed Speech to preterm infants in the first year postpartum: the influence of severe premature birth and maternal postnatal depression
Full text linkIntroduction: Preterm birth could negatively influence the quality of mother-infant interactions during the first year of life. To date, few studies have investigated the effects of prematurity on the features of maternal input during interactive patterns, especially considering the role played by the severity of prematurity and maternal postnatal depression (PND). This study aimed to describe functional and morpho-syntactic features of maternal Infant-Directed Speech (IDS) in preterm dyads, exploring the influence of maternal PND and severity of prematurity, comparing dyads of Extremely Low Birth Weight (ELBW; <1000 gr.), Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW; 1000-1500 gr), and Full-Term (FT) babies. Methods: At 3 and 9 months postpartum (corrected age for preterm infants), sixty mother-infant dyads (15 ELBW, 15 VLBW, 30 FT) freely interacted for 5 minutes. Lexical, syntactic, and functional features of maternal input produced during the interaction were analyzed using the CHILDES software. Moreover, maternal PND symptomatology was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Results: At 3 months, maternal IDS in high-risk conditions (PND or ELBW preterm condition) showed a lower frequency of affect-salient speech (F(2,49)=10.83, p=.002; F(2,49)=3.60, p=.034, respectively) and a higher proportion of questions (F(2,49)=6.61, p=.013; F(2,49)=3.32, p=.043, respectively) and directives (PND: F(2,49)=4.39, p=.040) compared to IDS produced by non-depressed mothers and those of FT and VLBW infants, respectively. At 9 months, mothers with higher levels of PND showed an IDS characterized by lower verbosity (F(2,49)=4.602; p=.032) and higher frequency of attention-getter utterances (F(2,49)=6.911; p=.009) than mothers with lower levels of PND. Discussion: Despite preliminary, these findings highlighted that maternal IDS might be influenced by both the presence of depressive symptoms and severe prematurity. Moreover, IDS features seemed to change during the first year postpartum, suggesting the need to monitor the influence of both the severity of preterm birth and the presence of PND on the features of maternal input directed to the infant
Prematurità e sintomatologia depressiva perinatale paterna: decorso e qualità delle interazioni diadiche nel primo anno di vita
No full textLa nascita pretermine rappresenta un fattore di rischio per la transizione alla genitorialità, con un aumentato tasso di insorgenza di psicopatologia perinatale. La letteratura si è a lungo focalizzata sulla sintomatologia delle madri di bambini prematuri, mentre solo recentemente la ricerca sta indagando gli effetti sugli stati affettivi paterni. Lo studio si propone di indagare il decorso della sintomatologia perinatale paterna durante i primi 12 mesi di vita, valutando l’impatto della severità della prematurità e del livello di stress genitoriale. È stato inoltre valutata la qualità delle interazioni precoci padre-bambino, considerando l’effetto della prematurità, della sintomatologia depressiva e dei livelli di stress paterni. Lo studio ha coinvolto 165 padri ed i loro bambini, di cui 80 nati a termine e 85 di prematuri, a loro volta suddivisi in 47 Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW: peso alla nascita 1000-1500 gr) e 38 Extremely Low Birth Weight (ELBW: peso alla nascita <1000 gr). A 3 e 12 mesi di età corretta del bambino, i padri hanno compilato l’Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) e il Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF). Inoltre, in un sottocampione di diadi (23 padre-bambino nato a termine, 23 padre-bambino prematuro), la qualità dell’interazione diadica è stata valutata tramite il Child-Adult Relationship Index (CARE Index). A 12 mesi, i padri ELBW hanno mostrato un significativo decremento dei punteggi medi PSI-SF totale rispetto a quelli ottenuti a 3 mesi. I punteggi EPDS paterni a 12 mesi risultavano significativamente predetti dalla severità della nascita pretermine e dai punteggi EPDS e PSI-SF a 3 mesi. Infine, la nascita ELBW prediceva significativamente migliori pattern interattivi sensibili (padri) e cooperanti (bambino) al CARE Index. I risultati dello studio evidenziano la rilevanza del monitoraggio longitudinale dell'esperienza affettiva della paternità in un contesto di potenziale vulnerabilità quale quello della nascita pretermine
Psychological adjustment of infertile couples in the postpartum period: the characteristics of parental mental representations and early parent-infant interactions
Full text linkClinical and empirical literature has recognized Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) as a stressful condition that may impact on psychological transition to parenthood during pregnancy. However, poor attention has been paid to investigate parental adjustment in the postpartum period, a crucial moment for the parent-infant relationship. We therefore aimed to investigate transition to motherhood and fatherhood in the postnatal period, discussing an overview of recent studies on postnatal outcomes (parental representations and parent-infant interactions) of infertile couples after a successful ART treatment. The first study included a sample of 17 ART conceiving and 25 spontaneous conception (SC) couples; at 3 months postpartum all parents completed the Semantic Differential of IRMAG/IRPAG (Interview of Maternal/Paternal Representations During Pregnancy; Ammaniti et al., 1992, 1995, 2006), a self-report tool to evaluate domains of mental representations according to individual (Child, Self-as-womanman, and Partner) and parental (Self-as-parent, Own parent) characteristics. The second study aimed to assess the quality of a 5-minute free parent–infant interaction on 25 ART and 31 SC couples and their 3-month-old baby. Fathers, mothers and babies’ interactive patterns were coded using CARE-Index (Crittenden, 1994). Results on mental representations showed that both ART mothers and fathers had significantly higher positive representations of the Child than SC ones. The type of ART treatment (IVF/ICSI) showed a significant influence on the representation of Self-as-woman/man, with higher positive scores in IVF parents compared to ICSI ones. Regarding parent-infant interactions, both ART mothers and fathers showed more frequently “inept” and “at-risk” interactive patterns, compared to SC ones. ART variables significantly influenced interactive behaviours: infants conceived at first ART cycle showed lower scores at Difficulty scale than those conceived after more attempts; ICSI babies got lower scores at Compulsivity and higher at Passivity compared to IVF ones. These findings support the clinical relevance of exploring parents’ psychological adjustment after successful ART treatments, to improve the understanding of the transition to parenthood in infertile couples and to target more specific interventions when needed
Infant-Directed Speech to preterm infants: the influence of severe prematurity and maternal depressive symptoms.
No full textIntroduction
Severe preterm birth represents a risk factor for maternal perinatal depression and the quality of early dyadic interactions in the first year postpartum (Agostini et al., 2014; Neri et al., 2015). However, only few studies explored the effect of preterm condition on interactive exchanges, including maternal verbal input (Herrera et al., 2004; Suttora & Salerni, 2011), and no one considered the role played by severity of prematurity.
Aim The study aimed to explore the influence of prematurity and maternal depression on functional and morpho-syntactic features of maternal Infant-Directed Speech, comparing dyads of Extremely Low Birth Weight (ELBW; <1000 gr.), Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW; 1000-1500 gr) and Full-Term (FT) babies. Material and Methods Sixty mother-infant dyads (15 ELBW, 15 VLBW, 30 FT) were recruited and participated in a 5 min free interaction session at both 3 and 9 months postpartum. Lexical, syntactic, and functional features of maternal input during the interaction were analyzed using the
CHILDES software. All mothers completed Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (Cox et al.,1987) to assess depressive symptoms. At 3 months, maternal IDS in high-risk condition (ELBW preterm condition and depression) was characterized by a lower frequency of affect-salient speech and a higher proportion of informationsalient speech and questions. At 9 months, IDS of depressed mothers was characterized by a lower verbosity and a higher frequency of attention-getter utterances. Conclusions Despite preliminary, these findings highlight that maternal IDS might be influenced by both the presence of depressive symptoms and severe prematurity. Moreover, IDS features seemed to change during the first year postpartum, suggesting the need to monitor the influence of severity of preterm birth and its interaction with postnatal depression on the features of maternal input directed to the infant
Preterm infant negative affectivity: the relation with severity of prematurity, parental depression and dyadic adjustment
No full textIntroduction
Preterm birth, especially if severe, could negatively influence parents’ perception of their baby. Indeed, parents often report a difficult temperament, with high level of negative affectivity (NA). When parental perception of infant NA was investigated, most studies focused on mothers, and possible influences of their affective states. Conversely, paternal perceptions are less considered as far as the role of fathers’ or family variables.
Aim To explore the parental perceptions of preterm infant NA in a family perspective, considering the possible contributing factor of birth weight (Extremely Low Birth Weight infants-ELBW, < 1000 gr.; Very Low Birth Weight-VLBW, 1000-1500 gr.), parental role (mothers; fathers), depressive symptoms, and couple satisfaction.
Material and Methods The sample included 42 preterm infants (16 ELBW, 26 VLBW) and their parents (42 mothers, 42 fathers). At 12 months (corrected age), parents completed the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (IBQ-R): specifically, we considered NA factor, including Sadness, Distress to limitations, Fear, Falling reactivity subscales. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) were also administered to investigate parental depressive symptoms and quality of parental relationship, respectively.
Results Analyses showed higher levels of NA in VLBW infants compared to ELBW ones (p<.001); conversely, no differences between mothers and fathers emerged. Hierarchical regression showed that infant NA was predicted: in step 1 by VLBW condition (β =.36; p <.001); in step 2 by own EPDS scores and their partners’ ones (β =.21, p <.05; β =.36, p <.005), even controlling for birth weight; in step 3 DAS scores did not show any effect, and only partner’s EPDS effect remained significant (β =.34, p <.005).
Conclusions Findings showed that, in the context of prematurity, both individual and relational-level risk factors predicted infants’ affective regulation difficulties, suggesting the need for intervention at individual, dyadic, and family level
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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