985 research outputs found
Modale/amodale: l’occluso si restringe l’occludente si allarga
No full textScopo di questo lavoro è fornire uno studio sistematico degli effetti dimensionali propri di configurazioni percettive caratterizzate da superfici che retinicamente giacciono in giustapposizione ma che fenomenicamente vengono stratificate in figure intere e sovrapposte.
Ciò che si può osservare effettuando un confronto simultaneo fra un quadrilatero disegnato a tratto e lo stesso quadrilatero coperto parzialmente da una rettangolo nero, è che il quadrilatero che appartiene alla configurazione di occlusione apparirà avere una estensione orizzontale minore di quella del quadrilatero presentato in isolamento. Tale effetto di contrazione fenomenica delle superfici parzialmente occluse è stato per la prima volta esplicitato da Kanizsa nel 1975. L’autore spiega tale effetto con un'ipotesi di natura energetica, per cui la superficie parzialmente coperta verrebbe contratta nella sua dimensione orizzontale a causa del fatto che il sistema percettivo deve colmare il gap di informazione locale presente fra i due contorni condivisi per sopperire alla frammentazione dell’immagine retinica e consegnare a livello percettivo il vissuto di un percetto intero. Naturalmente tale ipotesi prevede che vi sia un effetto dimensionale solo sulla estensione orizzontale della superficie parzialmente coperta.
Tale predizione è stata sconfermata da Vezzani (1994) che riscontra, su stimoli simili a quelli usati da Kanizsa, un effetto dimensionale di contrazione sulla estensione verticale della superficie occludente.
L’esperimento che abbiamo condotto intende testare la bontà delle diverse ipotesi eseguendo una misurazione degli effetti dimensionali presenti nelle diverse estensioni (verticale-orizzontale) di configurazioni di occlusione del tipo di quelle usate da Kanizsa, sulle due parti che fenomenicamente costituiscono il percetto stratificato (occludente e occlusa).
I risultati indicano la presenza di almeno tre effetti dimensionali: effetto di contrazione fenomenica dell’estensione orizzontale dell’occluso; effetto di estensione fenomenica dell’estensione verticale dell’occluso; effetto di espansione fenomenica dell’estensione orizzontale dell’occludente.
I risultati di questa ricerca sembrano congruenti con una ipotesi che tenga in considerazione l’effetto della configurazione intesa come Gestalt percettiva sulla dimensione fenomenica delle parti che la determinano. Si suggerisce pertanto una nuova ipotesi basata sull’assunzione che gli effetti dimensionali dell’occlusione siano dovuti allo spreading-in/spreading-out di qualità superficiali attraverso i due contorni condivisi che caratterizzano la configurazione
ALICE Visit of EPS Communication Coordinator Gina Gunaratnam
No full textALICE underground visit of EPS Communication Coordinator Gina Gunaratnam with Alessandra Fantoni and Tapan Naya
Green Chemistry Impact and Evolution in the Pharma Industry
No full textThe impact of green chemistry in the pharmaceutical industry is continuously growing thanks to
the efforts of academic and industrial research groups. The design of industrial processes inspired
by the Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry can be guided by green metrics and nowadays
it is relatively simple to stand on the green side when designing the synthesis of a drug
Copper-Free Heck−Cassar−Sonogashira and Suzuki−Miyaura Reactions of Aryl Chlorides: A Sustainable Approach
No full textSustainable and efficient aryl halides with copper free Heck−Cassar−Sonogashira (HCS) and Suzuki−Miyaura
(SM) cross-coupling reactions were described. Independently
from the aryl chloride substituents, the green protocol based on
N-hydroxyethylpyrrolidone (HEP)/water as solvents and sodium
2′-dicyclohexylphosphino-2,6-dimethoxy-1,1′-biphenyl-3-sulfonate
(sSPhos) as ligand afforded the target products with a high
turnover number (TON), high reaction mass efficiency (RME),
and low process mass intensity (PMI). The best results have been
obtained with TMG and Cs2CO3 as the base for the HCS and
Cs2CO3 and K2CO3 for the SM coupling. The PMI and RME
achieved are among the best in the field and allowed us to simplify
purification processes that are critical for industrial applications
New DG -- Mark Thomson in the ALICE CB
No full textIn the ALICE CB with: Alessandra Fantoni, Marco Van Leeuwen, CERN's new DG Mark Thomson, Kai Schweda, Luciano Musa, David Evan
HIV and SARS-CoV-2 Co-Infection: From Population Study Evidence to In Vitro Studies
No full textHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have caused two major viral outbreaks during the last century. Two major aspects of HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection have been extensively investigated and deserve attention. First, the impact of the co-infection on the progression of disease caused by HIV-1 or SARS-CoV-2. Second, the impact of the HIV-1 anti-retroviral treatment on SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this review, we aim to summarize and discuss the works produced since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic ranging from clinical studies to in vitro experiments in the context of co-infection and drug development
Clinical practice and nursing management of pre-operative skin or skeletal traction for hip fractures in elderly patients: a cross-sectional three-institution study
No full textBackground: Femoral fractures are a major healthcare problem worldwide. One of the most difficult issues is their preoperative care, which is still managed by either skeletal or skin traction in some countries, including Italy. These issues are discussed and compared with the contemporary literature.
Objective: This study aims to analyse the distribution of these treatment options within the orthopaedic community and the reasons for their use, as well as to identify how this may impact nursing care in terms of pain management, hygiene care, venous thromboembolism (VTE)prophylaxis and prevention of pressure ulcers.
Design: For this cross-sectional study, a 12-item survey was administered to the nursing staff, consultants and residents of the Orthopaedic Units in three different hospitals in NorthEastern Italy. The questionnaire investigated the routine use of skeletal or skin traction for the preoperative management of hip fractures in those settings.
Findings: 136 surveys were completed, providing a response rate of 87.74%. Preoperative traction for hip fractures was still in use in the three hospitals, mainly applied by experienced surgeons for subtrochanteric fractures. Pain management, VTE and pressure ulcer prevention were perceived as worse only with skeletal traction, while hygiene was described as more difficult with both skeletal and skin traction.
Conclusions and recommendations: Based on the data and the literature revision, skin or skeletal traction for patients with proximal femoral fractures should be discouraged as standard practice. This is supported widely in the international literature, and consideration of knowledge translation strategies should be made to refine current practice in these settings
Therapeutic Peptides Targeting PPI in Clinical Development: Overview, Mechanism of Action and Perspectives
No full textTargeting protein-protein interactions (PPIs) has been recently recognized as an emerging
therapeutic approach for several diseases. Up today, more than half a million PPI
dysregulations have been found to be involved in pathological events. The dynamic
nature of these processes and the involvement of large protein surfaces discouraged
anyway the scientific community in considering them promising therapeutic targets. More
recently peptide drugs received renewed attention since drug discovery has offered a
broad range of structural diverse sequences, moving from traditionally endogenous
peptides to sequences possessing improved pharmaceutical profiles. About 70
peptides are currently on the marked but several others are in clinical development. In
this review we want to report the update on these novel APIs, focusing our attention on the
molecules in clinical development, representing the direct consequence of the drug
discovery process of the last 10 years. The comprehensive collection will be classified
in function of the structural characteristics (native, analogous, heterologous) and on the
basis of the therapeutic targets. The mechanism of interference on PPI will also be reported
to offer useful information for novel peptide desig
SNARC-like compatibility effects for physical and phenomenal magnitudes: a study on visual illusions
No full textBoth numerical and non-numerical magnitudes elicit similar Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes (SNARC) effects, with small magnitudes associated with left hand responses and large magnitudes associated with right hand responses (Dehaene et al., J Exp Psychol Gen 122(3), 371, 1993). In the present study, we investigated whether the phenomenal size of visual illusions elicits the same SNARC-like effect revealed for the physical size of pictorial surfaces. Four experiments were conducted by using the Delboeuf illusion (Experiment 1) and the Kanizsa triangle illusion (Experiments 2, 3 and 4). Experiment 1 suggests the presence of a SNARC-like compatibility effect for the physical size of the inducers, while this effect was not revealed for the phenomenal size of the induced elements, possibly masked by a stronger effect of the inducers. A SNARC-like effect for the phenomenal size of the Kanizsa triangle was revealed when participants directly compared the size of the triangles (Experiment 4). Conversely, when participants performed an indirect task (orientation judgment), the SNARC-like effect was present neither for the illusory nor for the physical displays (Experiments 2 and 3). The effect revealed for the size of illusory triangles was comparable to that of real triangles with physical contours, suggesting that both phenomenal and physical magnitudes similarly elicit SNARC-like effects
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