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Mediterranean upland economy. The large massifs of the italian central Apennines (from the sixteenth-to the nineteenth century).
No full textIt is widely known that the economy of Mediterranean mountain settlements was based on an ever-insufficient primary sector where equilibrium was reached by adding other activities such as seasonal work, migration to cities, and transhumance (Braudel).
This shared knowledge formed the starting point for further exploration. The notion of economic integration has been applied to mountainous areas (Coppola 1989, 1991), and from this a new model of interpretation has emerged: the Integrated Peasant Economy (Panjek 2011, 2014, 2015, Mocarelli, Larsson and Panjek 2017), which has been examined from the perspective of the Abruzzo mountain area (Bulgarelli 2017). This paper extends the survey area and examines the region of the Central Apennine’s largest mountains, which have the highest peaks. The aim is to illustrate the features of the above-mentioned equilibrium, taking into consideration the hallmarks of the various forms of initiative and their diversification over time and focusing on resilience and social capital, taking a fresh look at the literature on Southern Italy (Bansfield 1960, Putnam 1993)
Un protagonista introvabile: la finanza locale italiana in età moderna
No full textThe working of public finance at the local level was of crucial importance to the overall transformation of state finance during the early modern age, yet studies devoted to local finance are rare and our grasp of this crucial topic remains inadequate. This paper illustrates the common features shaping local finance in the composite context of early modern Italian States. Communities played a vital role both extracting fiscal resources and allocating the tax burden among its members. The management of local finance was crucial not only to assess social and economic developments within communities but to grasp changes in core-periphery relations. Centralization, contractual agreements and control were not disjoint propositions but sides of the same coin
Mediterranean Uplands Economy. The big massifs of Italian Central Apennines (XVI-XIX centuries)
No full textThe Mediterranean mountain areas have long been considered poor regions marked by economic archaism. Braudel outlines that the Mediterranean mountains are not an independent reality, also often being linked to plains and cities. They have diversified and remarkable resources (water, forests, meadows and mines), insufficient, however, for the livelihoods of their populations. Seasonal work, migration to cities and transhumance are the primary means to complement the scarce resources of families (Braudel 1953). Also regarding the Italian Central Apennines, their environmental characteristics have long fostered the image of an area suffering from isolation, backwardness, and stagnation. However, the most recent historiography has contributed to a redefinition devoid of the stereotypes that the documentary evidence has proved to be unfounded. This paper examines the largest mountain mass of the entire Apennines concentrated in a roughly elliptical shaped area of over 9.500 square kilometers containing the highest peaks (Corno Grande of Gran Sasso, and Mount Amaro in the Maiella group). The physical environment gives to this area a specific identity, as observed by Vitte in its wide and deep description (Vitte 1986). The aim is to illustrate for the early modern centuries the mountain’s ability to balance the economic system, where agriculture and animal husbandry did not provide sufficient means of searly modern centiriesubsistence. For this reason, inhabitants were engaged in a wide range of activities deploying flexibility and creativity in response to external stresses on the local economy and market. Through this strategy they managed to overcome the limits set by environmental conditions. The mountain economy was an ‘integrated economy’ (Coppola 1989 e 1991; Panjek 2011, 2014 and 2015; Mocarelli, Panjek, Larsson 2017). This concept means a flexible system characterized by a systematic integration of smallholder agricultural sector and a variety of marked oriented activities from the secondary and tertiary sectors. It has been verified for the Abruzzo mountain area (Bulgarelli 2017). This paper presents a brief description of the mountain economy, namely the non-agricultural activities producing revenue, the market orientation of this 33 economy too often defined as a closed economy aiming for self-sufficiency, and its market-oriented activities. It will be possible to shed light on the following features: – Integration, flexibility and resilience of this economy in the Early Modern Age. – Social capital as strength of the Apennine mountain area. Sharing rules, information, penalties and values defines the quality of the networks and social relations that are decisive in promoting adaptation to changes in the economic system. – In terms of social capital, among the multiple characters, at least one aspect is deserving of mention: the management of collective resources. – The question of commons was particularly important in Mediterranean upland economy and their role played in and their long lasting will be stressed. Bibliographic references Braudel, F. (1953). Civiltà e imperi del Mediterraneo nell’età di Filippo II. Torino, Einaudi. Coppola, G. (1989). La montagna alpina. Vocazioni originarie e trasformazioni funzionali. In P. Bevilacqua (a cura di), Storia dell’agricoltura italiana in età contemporanea. Spazi e paesaggi. Venezia, Marsilio editori, pp. 495-530. Coppola, G. (1991). Equilibri economici e trasformazioni nell’area alpina in età moderna: scarsità di risorse ed economia integrata. In G. Coppola, P. Schiera (a cura di), Lo spazio alpino: area di civiltà, regione cerniera. Napoli, Liguori, pp. 203-222. Farinelli, F. (2000). I caratteri originali del paesaggio abruzzese. In M. Costantini, C. Felice (a cura di), L’Abruzzo. Storia d’Italia, Le Regioni. Torino, Einaudi. Vitte, P. (1986). Les campagnes du haut Apennin. Evolution d’une société montagnarde. Clermont-Ferrand, Presses universitaires Blaise Pascal. Mocarelli, L., Panjek, A., Larsson, J. (2017). Integrated Peasant Economy in a Comparative Perspective. Alps, Scandinavia and Beyond. Koper, University of Primorska Press
Discussione del seminario di G. Esposito: C'era due volte l'auto italiana
No full textPresentazione e discussione del volume di Giovanni Esposito: "C'era una volta l'auto italiana: da Leonardo a Marchionne". Ne hanno discusso Sergio Beraldo, Alessandra Bulgarelli, Silvio de Majo e Maria Carmela Schisani
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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