3 research outputs found
Characterization of Shale Sealing with Hydrogen Storage
No full textHydrogen has become a promising candidate for mitigating carbon dioxide emissions, but its low density requires large storage volumes. Porous media in the subsurface have contained methane for centuries, which suggests that they could be used for hydrogen storage with specific emphasis on ensuring integrity against leakage. Thus, in evaluating hydrogen storage, this study examined the capillary and adsorption trapping mechanisms within shale caprock. There are two principal hypotheses.
The first hypothesis posits that the safe storage pressure for hydrogen is greater than or equal to the initial methane pressure in the reservoir. Consequently, this study introduces a methodology for calculating the safe pressure and evaluates its uncertainty via Monte Carlo simulation. Additionally, it uses an Artificial Neural Network to estimate hydrogen and methane interfacial tensions in water and brine systems at subsurface conditions. Applying the estimated interfacial tensions to the Ann Mag field in Texas indicates that the caprock can trap hydrogen at pressures reaching 8,438 psi and 10,515 psi at depths of 10,239 ft and 12,020 ft, respectively. Pressures higher than these thresholds may lead to fault slippage or fracture propagation.
The second hypothesis suggests that hydrogen permeability in organic-rich shale is at least twice that of methane because of the reduced adsorption and increased slippage effects. Molecular dynamics simulations and Knudsen criteria support this hypothesis, indicating superior transport properties of hydrogen owing to its reduced affinity for kerogen and pronounced slippage at 370 K and pressure ranging from 500 to 4,000 psi. This study also incorporates these findings into a detailed analysis of the permeability of Barnett shale via network modeling. Finally, it determines the effective conduit size from mercury injection capillary pressure measurements to capture the differences between the respective permeabilities of hydrogen and methane
Production Allocation of Reservoir Layers using Data-Driven Reservoir Modeling
No full textThe pros of having a commingled layer scheme would be considered high with successful reservoir management. If not, the cons will impact the production drastically as unfortunate consequences may result in reservoir fluids communication, well integrity issues, and production termination. Although the plane requires optimizing production with minimal capital investments and operating expenses, it is an enormous challenge considering commingled layers frequent surveillance and workover requirements.
As the value of information is a decision tool for the surveillance frequency, the oil industry often uses static assumptions as an economical replacement of dynamic measurements such as KH static modeling. However, the last is misleading for not considering the effect of dynamic attributes such as reservoir pressure and fluid properties. Simultaneously, the evolution of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) made the challenge of allocating commingled layers allocation possible since AI does not build assumptions based on static properties but rather pick the static and dynamic patterns associated with rock and fluid properties. Accordingly, AI and ML application was used in this research as a new approach for commingled layers allocation estimation, which is known technically as Top-Down Modeling (TDM). TDM features the entire acquired static and dynamic field measurements through Artificial Intelligence and Data Science that utilizes Machine Learning, Fuzzy and crisp Logic via Neural Networks to develop a reservoir model.
TDM was tested on a synthetic heterogeneous reservoir model with three commingled layers across 63 wells in conjunction with multi-random comingling schemes throughout wells\u27 lifespan. As the static KH modeling proven ambiguous in picking the effect of reservoir pressure on production profile per layer, a high certainty TDM modeling was successfully achieved both horizontally and vertically on a layer basis which confirms the capability of TDM in allocating commingled layers production in terms of certainty, and operational cost
Nuorten seksuaalisuus, turvataidot ja tasa-arvo: visuaalinen raportti seksuaaliterveyden edistämisestä
No full textSeksuaali- ja turvataitokasvatus on keino edistää lasten ja nuorten hyvinvointia tarjoamalla heille työkaluja tasapainoiseen kasvuun ja kehitykseen, joihin sisältyvät muiden asioiden ohella oman seksuaalisuuden kehittyminen, terveen minäkuvan muodostaminen ja turvalli-set sosiaaliset suhteet. Seksuaali- ja turvataitokasvatusta kehitetään koko ajan sekä sisällöl-lisesti että nuoria tavoittavammaksi. Jotta toimintaa voidaan kehittää, täytyy menneistä pro-jekteista myös oppia. Opinnäytetyön tavoitteena oli kuvata Oulun ammattikorkeakoulun ja Kempeleen Kirkonkylän yhtenäiskoulun välisessä yhteistyössä toteutettua toimintapäivää liittyen seksuaali- ja turvataitokasvatukseen. Visuaalisen raportin tavoite oli esitellä toiminta-päivän tarkoitus, rakenne ja sisältö kuvien tukemana. Kätilöopiskelijat suunnittelivat ja to-teuttivat toimintapäivän, jonka osallistujina olivat 8. -luokkalaiset nuoret. Tämän raportin kohderyhmänä ovat terveydenhuollon ammattilaiset ja opiskelijat sekä muut seksuaali- ja turvataitokasvatusta kehittävät tahot.
Raportin tietoperusta kattaa opinnäytetyön keskeiset käsitteet eli seksuaalisuuden, tasa-arvon ja turvataidot sekä perustelee nuorten oikeuden ja tarpeen seksuaaliterveyden edis-tämiseksi. Välineenä hyvinvoinnin edistämiseksi toimivat seksuaali- ja turvataitokasvatus, joten myös niiden perusteita, tavoitteita ja toteuttamistapoja on käsitelty. Tietolähteinä käy-tettiin asiantuntijoiden julkaisuja, tutkimuksia sekä merkittävien järjestöjen ja laitosten julkai-semaa sisältöä, kuten säädöksiä ja suosituksia. Aihetta ja käsitteitä lähestyttiin seksuaaliter-veyden ja yläasteikäisten nuorten näkökulmasta.
Merkittäviä oivalluksia ovat nuorten tarve hyvin organisoidulle seksuaali- ja turvataitokasva-tukselle sekä tasavertaisuuden, turvallisen ympäristön ja seksuaalisuuden merkitys koko-naisvaltaiselle hyvinvoinnille. Olennainen osa seksuaalikasvatuksen suunnittelemista ja to-teuttamista on kohderyhmän kehitystason, kiinnostusten kohteiden ja ympäröivän yhteisön huomioiminen. Toimintapäivän sisällössä otettiin huomioon sosiaalisen median kasvanut merkitys nuorten elämässä. Sosiaalinen media ja internet toimivat yhä enemmän nuorten tiedonlähteenä, ja sosiaalisen median väylät tuovat uudenlaisia haasteita turvataitokasva-tukseen. Kasvatustoiminnan lähtökohtana oli avoin keskustelu nuorten ja järjestäjien välillä sekä toiminnallisuuden tuominen oppimisen tueksi. Toimintapäivän sisällössä tuotiin esille myös tasa-arvoisuuden merkitystä sekä seksuaalisen suuntautumisen ja sukupuolen moni-naisuutta. Suurimmalta osin osallistujat olivat tyytyväisiä toimintapäivään, mutta kehittämis-kohdiksi nousivat seksuaali- ja turvataitokasvatuksen kehittäminen yhä tiiviimmin nuorten kanssa sekä toiminnallisuuden lisääminen entisestään.The quality of sex education in Finland has been through much needed development in the past few decades. This is for a good reason because sexual health is an important part of our overall well-being. Healthcare providers, teachers and politicians in Finland have taken the improvement of sexual health and sex education very seriously. Sexual health, safety skills and information on equality are part of nationwide school curriculums but local organi-zations and other providers also make efforts to add to those via different projects. One of those projects was organized in collaboration between midwifery students of Oulu University of Applied Sciences and upper comprehensive school of Kirkonkylä in Kempele, Finland. The students planned and led a set of educational checkpoints with various topics concern-ing equality, sexuality, sexual health, sexual orientation, gender identity and safety skills. The contents of the project were planned considering the target group of 13- and 14-year-old pupils. There was also a checkpoint where the students could give feedback to the or-ganizers. An important part of the project was to make learning more action-based and to support different methods of learning. The organizers aimed to stay away from lecture-type teaching and focus more on prompts, visuals, tasks and honest conversation between pu-pils and educators. The main implementation of the project consisted of 107 pupils taking part in activities at five checkpoints during one school day. The goal of this report was to explain and depict the contents and execution of the aforementioned project where sex education was given to teenagers. The report features images taken by the author. All iden-tifiable faces were of project members and have been permitted to be published. The refer-ences of this paper consisted of recent professional publications and research, laws and guidelines and contents of well-established organizations. The subject matter was dis-cussed from the perspective of teenagers and sexual health.
The teenage pupils expressed appreciation of the conversations they had with the organiz-ers and most of the feedback was positive. Nonetheless the concept needs further im-provement. The pupils suggested to be included in the planning themselves and for even more action-based learning. The development of secure and balanced sexuality stands on proper foundations of appropriate information, good self-esteem, equal chance of self-expression and safe surroundings and relationships. Well planned sex education should include all of these areas and support the development of the individual. The contents of sex education should take into consideration all levels and aspects of humanity, for exam-ple, the dimentions of physicality, psychology, sociality and spirituality. The educational space should be open and supportive of questions and thoughts
