37 research outputs found
Diamond NV colour centre spin resonance magnetometers: from fundamentals to advanced operation principles
No full textThe first part of the thesis - chapter 1 presents to the reader an introduction into
the rich application potential of NV centres and contextualize their benefits. The
chapter 1 also summarizes the framework of the thesis, and it spells out the
specific aims of the thesis.
Chapter 2 provides a comprehensive description of the NV centre energy
structure, as well as the principles of detection of magnetic resonance in
diamond, utilizing both optical and photoelectric readout methods. The
background knowledge, presented in Chapter 2, gives insights into more
advanced approaches such as Continuous Wave (CW) vector magnetic field
measurements and pulsed quantum protocols. Furthermore, it summarizes the
magnetic field sensitivities of above-mentioned methods. Chapter 2 also briefly
covers the material aspects of diamond and the NV centre engineering and
explains lithography techniques needed for fabrication of diamond devices
including readout electrodes and microwave antennas.
Chapter 3 covers the experimental setup construction used for the ODMR and
PDMR measurements. Also, the diamond device fabrication, entailing lithography
patterning steps on diamond is described here. It provides a summary of the
samples used within this work, as well as the methodology of lithography
processes and device fabrication by using both optical lithography and e-beam
lithography. Finally, it covers the laboratory measurement setups, their layout
and key components, as well as a short description of the software and system
automation.
Next chapters ranging from chapter 4 up to chapter 7 are peer reviewed papers
to which the author significantly contributed as main author or co-author.
Chapter 4 covers the MW triggering detection method that has been developed
and that is utilizing the lock-in readout. This methodology was developed within
this thesis and was successfully patented [29] and published [3]. The benefit of
this method for PDMR is an extraction of the effective portion of the NV electron
spin signal, affected by the microwave field magnetic resonance driving, and
which has a positive effect on the SNR of the signal.
Chapter 5 covers the PDMR magnetic field detection sensitivity optimization and
improvements by utilizing the yellow-green excitation and readout laser.
Chapter 6 expands the PDMR application potential by exploiting the possibility of
a microwave free readout method based on Ground State Level AntiCrossing
(GSLAC) [30]. Chapter 7 covers the single pixel diamond magnetometer device
developed within the student project OSCAR-QUBE, for the ISS onboard mission.
And finally, Chapter 8 is the conclusion of the work done within this thesis and its future outlooks.Het eerste deel van het proefschrift - hoofdstuk 1 - geeft de lezer een inleiding in het rijke toepassingspotentieel van NV-centra en contextualiseert hun voordelen. Hoofdstuk 1 vat ook het kader van het proefschrift samen en
beschrijft de specifieke doelstellingen van het proefschrift.
Hoofdstuk 2 geeft een uitgebreide beschrijving van de energiestructuur van NVcentra, alsmede de beginselen van de detectie van magnetische resonantie in
diamant, waarbij gebruik wordt gemaakt van zowel optische als foto-elektrische
uitleesmethoden. De achtergrondkennis, gepresenteerd in hoofdstuk 2, geeft
inzicht in meer geavanceerde benaderingen zoals Continuous Wave (CW) vector
magnetische veldmetingen en gepulseerde kwantumprotocollen. Voorts wordt
een overzicht gegeven van de magneetveldgevoeligheid van bovengenoemde
methoden. Hoofdstuk 2 behandelt ook kort de materiële aspecten van diamant
en de NV-centrumtechniek en legt de lithografietechnieken uit die nodig zijn
voor de fabricage van diamantapparaten, waaronder uitleeselektroden en
microgolfantennes.
Hoofdstuk 3 behandelt de experimentele opbouw van de ODMR- en PDMRmetingen. Ook de fabricage van diamantapparaten, waarbij lithografische patronen op diamant worden gemaakt, wordt hier beschreven. Het geeft een
overzicht van de in dit werk gebruikte monsters, evenals de methodologie van
de lithografieprocessen en de fabricage van het apparaat met behulp van zowel
optische lithografie als e-beam-lithografie. Ten slotte worden de
meetopstellingen in het laboratorium, de lay-out en de belangrijkste onderdelen
ervan behandeld, evenals een korte beschrijving van de software en de
systeemautomatisering.
De volgende hoofdstukken, van hoofdstuk 4 tot en met hoofdstuk 7, zijn peer
reviewed artikelen waaraan de auteur als hoofdauteur of co-auteur een
belangrijke bijdrage heeft geleverd. Hoofdstuk 4 behandelt de ontwikkelde MWtriggerdetectiemethode die gebruik maakt van de lock-in uitlezing. Deze
methode is binnen dit proefschrift ontwikkeld en met succes gepatenteerd [29]
en gepubliceerd [3]. Het voordeel van deze methode voor PDMR is een extractie
van het effectieve deel van het NV elektronenspinsignaal, dat wordt beïnvloed
door de magnetische resonantiesturing met microgolfveld, en dat een positief
effect heeft op de SNR van het signaal.
Hoofdstuk 5 behandelt de optimalisering van de gevoeligheid van de PDMRmagneetvelddetectie en verbeteringen door gebruik te maken van de geelgroene
excitatie- en uitleeslaser. Hoofdstuk 6 breidt het toepassingspotentieel van
PDMR uit door gebruik te maken van de mogelijkheid van een microgolfvrije
uitleesmethode op basis van Ground State Level AntiCrossing (GSLAC) [30].
Hoofdstuk 7 behandelt de diamantmagnetometer met één pixel, ontwikkeld
binnen het studentenproject OSCAR-QUBE, voor de ISS-boordmissie.
Hoofdstuk 8 tenslotte is de conclusie van het werk dat binnen dit proefschrift is
verricht en de toekomstperspectieven
Diamond NV colour centre spin resonance magnetometers: from fundamentals to advanced operation principles
No full textThe first part of the thesis - chapter 1 presents to the reader an introduction into
the rich application potential of NV centres and contextualize their benefits. The
chapter 1 also summarizes the framework of the thesis, and it spells out the
specific aims of the thesis.
Chapter 2 provides a comprehensive description of the NV centre energy
structure, as well as the principles of detection of magnetic resonance in
diamond, utilizing both optical and photoelectric readout methods. The
background knowledge, presented in Chapter 2, gives insights into more
advanced approaches such as Continuous Wave (CW) vector magnetic field
measurements and pulsed quantum protocols. Furthermore, it summarizes the
magnetic field sensitivities of above-mentioned methods. Chapter 2 also briefly
covers the material aspects of diamond and the NV centre engineering and
explains lithography techniques needed for fabrication of diamond devices
including readout electrodes and microwave antennas.
Chapter 3 covers the experimental setup construction used for the ODMR and
PDMR measurements. Also, the diamond device fabrication, entailing lithography
patterning steps on diamond is described here. It provides a summary of the
samples used within this work, as well as the methodology of lithography
processes and device fabrication by using both optical lithography and e-beam
lithography. Finally, it covers the laboratory measurement setups, their layout
and key components, as well as a short description of the software and system
automation.
Next chapters ranging from chapter 4 up to chapter 7 are peer reviewed papers
to which the author significantly contributed as main author or co-author.
Chapter 4 covers the MW triggering detection method that has been developed
and that is utilizing the lock-in readout. This methodology was developed within
this thesis and was successfully patented [29] and published [3]. The benefit of
this method for PDMR is an extraction of the effective portion of the NV electron
spin signal, affected by the microwave field magnetic resonance driving, and
which has a positive effect on the SNR of the signal.
Chapter 5 covers the PDMR magnetic field detection sensitivity optimization and
improvements by utilizing the yellow-green excitation and readout laser.
Chapter 6 expands the PDMR application potential by exploiting the possibility of
a microwave free readout method based on Ground State Level AntiCrossing
(GSLAC) [30]. Chapter 7 covers the single pixel diamond magnetometer device
developed within the student project OSCAR-QUBE, for the ISS onboard mission.
And finally, Chapter 8 is the conclusion of the work done within this thesis and its future outlooks.Het eerste deel van het proefschrift - hoofdstuk 1 - geeft de lezer een inleiding in het rijke toepassingspotentieel van NV-centra en contextualiseert hun voordelen. Hoofdstuk 1 vat ook het kader van het proefschrift samen en
beschrijft de specifieke doelstellingen van het proefschrift.
Hoofdstuk 2 geeft een uitgebreide beschrijving van de energiestructuur van NVcentra, alsmede de beginselen van de detectie van magnetische resonantie in
diamant, waarbij gebruik wordt gemaakt van zowel optische als foto-elektrische
uitleesmethoden. De achtergrondkennis, gepresenteerd in hoofdstuk 2, geeft
inzicht in meer geavanceerde benaderingen zoals Continuous Wave (CW) vector
magnetische veldmetingen en gepulseerde kwantumprotocollen. Voorts wordt
een overzicht gegeven van de magneetveldgevoeligheid van bovengenoemde
methoden. Hoofdstuk 2 behandelt ook kort de materiële aspecten van diamant
en de NV-centrumtechniek en legt de lithografietechnieken uit die nodig zijn
voor de fabricage van diamantapparaten, waaronder uitleeselektroden en
microgolfantennes.
Hoofdstuk 3 behandelt de experimentele opbouw van de ODMR- en PDMRmetingen. Ook de fabricage van diamantapparaten, waarbij lithografische patronen op diamant worden gemaakt, wordt hier beschreven. Het geeft een
overzicht van de in dit werk gebruikte monsters, evenals de methodologie van
de lithografieprocessen en de fabricage van het apparaat met behulp van zowel
optische lithografie als e-beam-lithografie. Ten slotte worden de
meetopstellingen in het laboratorium, de lay-out en de belangrijkste onderdelen
ervan behandeld, evenals een korte beschrijving van de software en de
systeemautomatisering.
De volgende hoofdstukken, van hoofdstuk 4 tot en met hoofdstuk 7, zijn peer
reviewed artikelen waaraan de auteur als hoofdauteur of co-auteur een
belangrijke bijdrage heeft geleverd. Hoofdstuk 4 behandelt de ontwikkelde MWtriggerdetectiemethode die gebruik maakt van de lock-in uitlezing. Deze
methode is binnen dit proefschrift ontwikkeld en met succes gepatenteerd [29]
en gepubliceerd [3]. Het voordeel van deze methode voor PDMR is een extractie
van het effectieve deel van het NV elektronenspinsignaal, dat wordt beïnvloed
door de magnetische resonantiesturing met microgolfveld, en dat een positief
effect heeft op de SNR van het signaal.
Hoofdstuk 5 behandelt de optimalisering van de gevoeligheid van de PDMRmagneetvelddetectie en verbeteringen door gebruik te maken van de geelgroene
excitatie- en uitleeslaser. Hoofdstuk 6 breidt het toepassingspotentieel van
PDMR uit door gebruik te maken van de mogelijkheid van een microgolfvrije
uitleesmethode op basis van Ground State Level AntiCrossing (GSLAC) [30].
Hoofdstuk 7 behandelt de diamantmagnetometer met één pixel, ontwikkeld
binnen het studentenproject OSCAR-QUBE, voor de ISS-boordmissie.
Hoofdstuk 8 tenslotte is de conclusie van het werk dat binnen dit proefschrift is
verricht en de toekomstperspectieven
Coping strategies and quality of life in schizophrenia: cross-sectional study
No full textMichaela Holubova,1 Jan Prasko,1,2 Radovan Hruby,3 Dana Kamaradova,1,2 Marie Ociskova,1,2 Klara Latalova,1,2 Ales Grambal1,2 1Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic; 2Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Ministry of Health, Olomouc, Czech Republic; 3Psychiatric Outpatient Department, Martin, Slovak Republic Background: The modern psychiatric view of schizophrenia spectrum disorders and their treatment has led to an increasing focus on coping strategies and the quality of life of these patients. In the present study, the authors examined the relationship between demographic data, the severity of symptoms, coping strategies, and the quality of life in psychotic patients. It is important to study the inner experience and striving of these individuals as it has been linked to their well-being and treatment adherence.Methods: Psychiatric outpatients who met International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision criteria for a psychotic disorder (schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or delusional disorder) were recruited in the study. Questionnaires measuring the coping strategies (The Stress Coping Style Questionnaire [SVF-78]), the quality of life (Quality of Life Satisfaction and Enjoyment Questionnaire [Q-LES-Q]), and symptom severity (objective and subjective Clinical Global Impression – objCGI; subjCGI) were assessed. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, Mann–Whitney U test, Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis.Results: A total of 109 psychotic patients were included in the study. The quality of life was significantly related to both the positive and negative coping strategies. The severity of disorder was highly negatively correlated with the quality of life score. The results of multiple stepwise regression analysis using the quality of life as a dependent variable showed that symptom severity (subjCGI, difference between subjCGI, and objCGI), negative coping strategies, positive coping strategies, and the difference between positive and negative coping strategies explain more than half variance.Conclusion: Our study suggests the importance of utilizing the positive coping strategies in improving the quality of life in patients with psychotic disorders. Keywords: quality of life, coping strategies, psychotic disorders, schizophrenia, severity of the disorde
Episode 144, Segment 2 - Author of the book, Advancing the Ball: Race, Reformation, and the Quest for Equal Coaching Opportunity in the NFL, Jeremi Duru stops by to talk about the Rooney Rule
No full textBOOM! It\u27s Super Bowl weekend and we have a super show for you this week. Laron Profit and Patrick Hruby join us as guest co-hosts as we preview the big game. Jeremi Duru swings by to talk about the Rooney Rule in the NFL and 4-time Super Bowl champ Bill Romanowski gives us a live report on the happenings in Dallas
SYNTHESIS OF MONOMERS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL POLYMERS by
No full textRights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author
MULTIVALENT INTERACTIONS BASED ON SUPRAMOLECULAR SELF- ASSEMBLY AND PEPTIDE-LABELED QUANTUM DOTS FOR IMAGING GPCRS
No full textRights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author
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Investigation of the Melanocortin Receptor Biased Signaling and the Peptide Drug Design for Melanocortin and Opioid Receptor Systems
No full textMelanocortin receptors are important GPCRs controlling different biological functions. As cell membrane integrated receptors, melanocortin receptors have complicated 7-transmembrane domains and delicate internal structures. As membrane protein, melanocortin receptors are highly mobile and their conformations are subjected to change upon ligands binding and induction. The phenomenon of GPCRs’ potential to have different states/conformations is the functional basis of multiple signaling pathways. Ligand types determines the GPCR conformations when they bind and GPCR conformations determine which signaling protein can be recruited, further determining which pathway to initiate. This is the simple accepted mechanism of GPCR biased signaling. In the previous decades, we achieved tremendous milestones in making ligands receptor selective, for example, making MC1R selective agonists, making MC4R selective agonists and so on. However, the receptor subtype selectivity does not mean the ligand is necessary to inflict a single biological signaling outcome: The ligand can be a balanced ligand on this GPCR subtype and activate multiple pathways that this receptor controls. In this respect, making the GPCR ligand go biased signaling is important for the ligand’s anticipated drug effect and for the avoidance of side effects as well. In this dissertation, the author Zekun Liu first uses melanocortin receptor 4(MC4R) as an example to elucidate the mechanism of biased signaling and its influence in MCR peptide drug development. Meanwhile, to test the hypothesis of the relation between receptor structure and function, plasmon waveguide resonance (PWR) research was done. Apart from the biased signaling study, this dissertation also involves the peptide drug development for MC4R and MC5R in introduction of halogenation, beta homo amino acids and N-methylations. Besides the traditional single MCR ligand design, there is also the development of novel conjugation of MC1R agonist and melanoma killing drug as a novel macromolecule to target and kill melanoma. And the thinking of pharmacophore conjugation is also applied to opioid receptor research where Mu and Delta opioid receptors can form a dimer and control specific feedback regulation.
In conclusion, this dissertation describes GPCR biased signaling (using MC4R as an example), a couple cases of MCR drug developments, opioid drug developments and DM1 drug development, with the application of multiple scientific approaches including molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, solid phase peptide synthesis, PWR, NMR, radiation based cAMP and binding assay for GPCR signaling, and so on. Hopefully, the thinking of the author can produce some inspiration for future peptide research
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Five Years in Theoretical and Computational Chemistry: From H3+ to DNA
No full textThe research described in this dissertation concerns two fields of theoretical chemistry: Part I concerns applications of Density Functional Theory, and part II high accuracy calculations within the Born-Oppenheimer approximation using explicitly correlated Gaussian functions.In the first part, after a brief introduction to Density Functional Theory and Hartree Fock methods, the candidate's research in Density Functional Theory is described in two chapters. One treats the charge transport in B-DNA, specifically (GC) oligomers solvated by water. The second chapter treats the charge transfer between the Lithium atom and Fullerene-C in the endohedral complex Li@C. In both applications Density Functional Theory was the central quantum mechanical technique that allowed the approaching of such large molecular systems.In the second part of this dissertation, the candidate's development of a FORTRAN code using explicitly correlated Gaussian functions within the Born-Oppenheimer approximation is presented.Every item of the author's research during his graduate studies has been published in co-authorship with the author's scientific advisor and other collaborators in peer-reviewed journals. A total of 8 scientific articles and one letter have been published by the author while at The University of Arizona
Fatigue crack growth in SiC particle reinforced Al alloy matrix composites at high and low R-ratios by in situ X-ray synchrotron tomography
No full textabstract: Metal matrix composites (MMCs) offer high strength, high stiffness, low density, and good fatigue resistance, while maintaining cost an acceptable level. Fatigue resistance of MMCs depends on many aspects of composite microstructure. Fatigue crack growth behavior is particularly dependent on the reinforcement characteristics and matrix microstructure. The goal of this work is to obtain a fundamental understanding of fatigue crack growth behavior in SiC particle-reinforced 2080 Al alloy composites. In situ X-ray synchrotron tomography was performed on two samples at low (R = 0.1) and at high (R = 0.6) R-ratios. The resulting reconstructed images were used to obtain three-dimensional (3D) rendering of the particles and fatigue crack. Behaviors of the particles and crack, as well as their interaction, were analyzed and quantified. Four-dimensional (4D) visual representations were constructed to aid in the overall understanding of damage evolution.NOTICE: this is the author's version of a work that was accepted for publication. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published at DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2014.05.01
Understanding Plasticity and Fracture in Aluminum Alloys and their Composites by 3D X-ray Synchrotron Tomography and Microdiffraction
No full textabstract: Aluminum alloys and their composites are attractive materials for applications requiring high strength-to-weight ratios and reasonable cost. Many of these applications, such as those in the aerospace industry, undergo fatigue loading. An understanding of the microstructural damage that occurs in these materials is critical in assessing their fatigue resistance. Two distinct experimental studies were performed to further the understanding of fatigue damage mechanisms in aluminum alloys and their composites, specifically fracture and plasticity. Fatigue resistance of metal matrix composites (MMCs) depends on many aspects of composite microstructure. Fatigue crack growth behavior is particularly dependent on the reinforcement characteristics and matrix microstructure. The goal of this work was to obtain a fundamental understanding of fatigue crack growth behavior in SiC particle-reinforced 2080 Al alloy composites. In situ X-ray synchrotron tomography was performed on two samples at low (R=0.1) and at high (R=0.6) R-ratios. The resulting reconstructed images were used to obtain three-dimensional (3D) rendering of the particles and fatigue crack. Behaviors of the particles and crack, as well as their interaction, were analyzed and quantified. Four-dimensional (4D) visual representations were constructed to aid in the overall understanding of damage evolution. During fatigue crack growth in ductile materials, a plastic zone is created in the region surrounding the crack tip. Knowledge of the plastic zone is important for the understanding of fatigue crack formation as well as subsequent growth behavior. The goal of this work was to quantify the 3D size and shape of the plastic zone in 7075 Al alloys. X-ray synchrotron tomography and Laue microdiffraction were used to non-destructively characterize the volume surrounding a fatigue crack tip. The precise 3D crack profile was segmented from the reconstructed tomography data. Depth-resolved Laue patterns were obtained using differential-aperture X-ray structural microscopy (DAXM), from which peak-broadening characteristics were quantified. Plasticity, as determined by the broadening of diffracted peaks, was mapped in 3D. Two-dimensional (2D) maps of plasticity were directly compared to the corresponding tomography slices. A 3D representation of the plastic zone surrounding the fatigue crack was generated by superimposing the mapped plasticity on the 3D crack profile.Dissertation/ThesisM.S. Mechanical Engineering 201
