46 research outputs found
Screening Mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] Genotypes for Drought Tolerance
No full textDrought is among the major constraints in mung bean production. The main goal of the current study was to investigate the response of 60 mung bean genotypes to two constrasting moisture regimes using diverse indices. The experiment was made at Jinka Agricultural Research Center using a 6 x 10 alpha lattice design replicated twice. Correlation analysis revealed that seed yield under stressed condition was positively correlated with stress tolerance index (STI), yield index (YI), harmonic mean (HM), mean relative performance (MRP), and relative drought index (RDI). PCA of the first two components accounted for 93.4% of the total variations where PC1 contributed for 64.39% of the variations. Based on cluster analysis, 60 mung bean genotypes used in the current study were grouped into five distinct clusters. In conclusion, this study showed that selection based on indices with seed yield under moisture-stress (Ys) and seed yield under non moisture-stress (Yp) conditions are useful for mung bean breeders. Therefore; stress tolerance index (STI), yield index (YI), harmonic mean (HM), geometric mean productivity (GMP) and mean relative performance (MRP) were found to be more suitable indices since these indices had the highest correlation with seed yield under both moisture-stressed and non moisture-stress conditions.ድርቅ የማሾ ምርትና ምርታማነትን ከሚቀንሱ ማነቆዎች በዋናነት ይጠቀሳል፡፡ የዚህ ጥናት ዓላማ ድርቅን ሊቋቋሙ የሚችሉ ብዝሀ-ዘሮችን ለመምረጥ የሚያግዙ ዋና ዋና የድርቅ መቋቋሚያ ጠቋሚዎችን መለየትና ድርቅን የሚቋቋሙ የማሾ ብዝሀ-ዘሮችን መለየት ነው፡፡ በዚህ ጥናት ስልሳ (60) የማሾ ብዝሀ-ዘሮችን ሁለት የመስኖ አማራጮችን በመጠቀም በአልፋ ላቲስ ዲዛይን በሁለት ድግግሞሽ ማከናወን ተችሏል፡፡ የጥናት ዉጤቱ እንደሚያሳየዉ በብዝሀ-ዘሮች መካከል ከፍተኛ የሆነ የምርት ልዩነት በሁለቱም የመስኖ ዉኃ አጠቃቀም ዘዴዎች ተመዝግቧል፡፡ በተጨማሪም የጥናቱ ዉጤት የሚጠቁመዉ የስብሉ ምርታማነት፣ ጂኦሜትሪክ አማካይ ምርታማነት፣የምርት ኢንዴክስ እና የድርቅ መቆጣጠሪያ ኢንዴክስ ድርቅን የሚቋቋሙ ብዝሀ-ዘሮችን ለመምረጥ በዋናነት የሚያስፈልጉ ጠቋሚዎች እንደሆኑ ነዉ፡፡ እነዚህ ኢንዴክሶች ከምርት ጋር ከፍተኛ የሆነ ግንኝነት እንዳላቸዉ በሁለቱም የውሃ አማራጮች የተረጋገጠበመሆኑ የተሻሻሉ ብዝሀ ዘሮችን ለመምረጥ አስፈላጊ እንደሆኑ ለማወቅ ትችሏል፡፡ በተጨማሪም የክሊስተር ትንተና ውጤት እንደሚያሳየዉ በጥናቱ ውስጥ የተካተቱ 60 የማሾ ብዝሀ ዘሮች በአምስት ቦታዎች ሊከፈሉ ችለዋል፡
THE INHERITANCE OF SEED COAT COLOR IN B. CARINATA A. BRAUN AND AN EXAMINATION OF SEED QUALITY PARAMETERS AND THEIR TRANSFER FROM RELATED SPECIES (B. JUNCEA CZERN & COSS AND B. NAPUS L.).
No full textThe inheritance of seed coat color in B. carinata was studied in crosses between two yellow seeded lines, and one brown seeded line. Seed coat color in these crosses was controlled by two alleles at one locus with repression of pigmentation incompletely dominant over pigment production. Agronomic and quality characteristics of B. carinata cultivars and lines were compared with those for B. napus, B. campestris and B. juncea cultivars. In tests at Saskatoon in 1984 and 1985 B. carinata cultivars and lines were lower in seed yield, oil percentage and fibre content but had higher protein levels than standard cultivars of other
Brassica species. The association of seed coat color with seed weight, oil, protein and crude fibre content of B. carinata was investigated. Yellow seeded lines produced heavier seed (0.3 g/lOOO seeds), higher oil (2.2%) and protein (2.1%) and lower crude fibre content (1.3%) than brown seeded lines from the same genetic background. In addition, seed weight was positively correlated with oil and protein and negatively
correlated with fibre content in both yellow and brown seeded populations.
Low erucic acid plants were grown from half seeds of the BC1F2 generation of the interspecific cross of (B. carinata cv. S-67 X B. juncea Zem 2330) X (B. carinata cv. Dodola). The presence of low erucic alleles in both genomes of these low erucic acid plants may have resulted from either a substitution of all or part of a chromosome or from crossing over between chromosomes of the A and C genomes.
The development of low glucosinolate B. carinata was studied in an interspecific cross involving the
allylglucosinolate type B. carinata cv. Dodola and the 3-butenylglucosinolate type B. juncea line 60143. Three allylglucosinolate type BClF2 plants with an approximately 50% reduction in allylglucosinolate content were identified following a backcross to the cultivar Dodola.
It has been demonstrated that interspecific crossing of selected B. carinata and B. juncea lines can be used in the development of low erucic, reduced glucosinolate B. carinata. A canola quality B. carinata should result from further interspecific crosses with B. napus
A review on the challenges for the increased production of oilseeds in Ethiopia
No full textThis paper presents the trends of production, utilization and export of oilseeds and import of vegetable oils; available technologies and the prospects of increasing oilseeds production in Ethiopia. The oilseed industry is faced with enormous and multidimensional challenges that brought both treats and opportunities. Sesame and castor have been always produced for export market while noug, linseed, gomenzer, groundnuts, safflower, sunflower have been raw materials for the local oilseed mills. The revenue from sesame export and the expense to import refined palm oil is almost the same but sesame is exported as raw and if consumed locally or exported as refined oil, it only constitutes about 40% the amount imported. Since 2007, the demand for vegetable oil has been more of import dependent. Even with the availability of improved varieties, cultivation techniques and pest control for higher yield per unit area, domestic oilseed production is becoming less and less competitive to cereals due to both in yield and return per unit area (particularly noug). Nevertheless, significant increase in oilseeds production can be possible from cultivation of soybean and sunflower in high rainfall and mid altitude areas and groundnut in the high rainfall and irrigated low lands. In addition, oil palm cultivation in the long growing period areas of Kaffa-Sheka Zone and some parts of Gambella region is the most sustainable avenue towards vegetable oil security. Soybean, sunflower, groundnut and oil palm are the most important oilseeds globally with established technologies that can be easily adopted. Ethiopia has also excellent genetic resources and climate for the cultivation of castor for the chemical industry. However, the use of oils from oil seeds and vegetable oils in Ethiopia as biodiesel for transportation has a bleak future.Keywords: biodiesel, oil quality, oil palm, oilseeds, vegetable oi
Inheritance of erucic acid in brassica carinata a braun and development of low glucosinolate lines
No full textEthiopian mustard (Brassica carinata A. Braun) or gomenzer is an oilseed crop that is well adapted to the highlands of Ethiopia. Evaluation of the local germplasm has resulted in the registration of high yielding cultivars, such as Dodolla and S-67. The oil of gomenzer contains about 40% erucic acid and the meal is high in glucosinolates. The objective of this research was to study the inheritance of erucic acid content in gomenzer and to introgress genes for the non2-propenyl glucosinolate trait from B. napus and B. juncea. The erucic acid content of F1 seed from reciprocal crosses between the high erucic acid cultivars Dodolla and S-67 and zero erucic acid line C90-14 was intermediate between the parents indicating that erucic acid content in B. carinata was controlled by two nondominant genes with two alleles acting in an additive manner. Backcross F1 seed derived from the backcross to the low erucic acid parent fell into three erucic acid classes with 16% erucic acid at the ratio of 1:2:1 indicating that erucic acid was under the control of two alleles each of at two loci. F2 seed segregation data supported this observation. Each allele contributed approximately 10% erucic acid. The high glucosinolate B. carinata line C90-14, low glucosinolate B. napus cultivar Westar and B. juncea line J90-4253 were chosen as parents for the development of non2-propenyl glucosinolate B. carinata. The objective was to transfer genes for non2-propenyl glucosinolate content from B. napus and B. juncea into B. carinata. Interspecific crosses were made between B. carinata and B. napus, B. carinata and B. juncea and the interspecific F1 generations were backcrossed to B. carinata. Backcross F1 plants from the two interspecific crosses were intercrossed in an attempt to combine the two sources for non2-propenyl glucosinolate content in one genotype. Seed of backcross F1 plants of the cropss ((B. carinata x B. napus) x B. carinata) contained a high concentration of 2-propenyl glucosinolate similar to those of B. carinata. Introgression of C genome chromosomes of B. napus into B. carinata was not effective in redirecting glucosinolate synthesis away from 2-propenyl and into 3-butenyl glucosinolate. This indicated that C genome chromosomes do not contain genetic factors for C3 C4 glucosinolate precursor chain elongation, and that 2-propenyl glucosinolate synthesis is primarily controlled by genes on B genome chromosomes. Seed of ackcross F2 plants of the cross ((B. carinata x B. juncea) x B. carinata) contained much reduced levels of 2-propenyl glucosinolate indicating that genetic factors for C3 C4 glucosinolate precursor chain elongation were introgressed from the B genome of B. juncea into the B genome of B. carinata. However, a complete diversion of glucosinolate synthesis from 2-propenyl to 3-butenyl was not achieved. Further selections in segregating F4 and F5 generations of B. juncea derived B. carinata populations could yield the desired zero 2-propenyl glucosinolate B. carinata. The double interspecific cross was unsuccessful
Diversity of castor (Ricinus communis L.) in Ethiopia
No full textAn experiment was carried out to assess the diversity of castor germplasm in Ethiopia. A total of 102 accessions, one elite genotype and two standard varieties were characterized at Melkassa and Arsi Negelle, in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia using 12 traits for one during 2013 main season. Analysis of variance, principal component and cluster analysis was performed for the combined data. The result showed that there is tremendous phenotypic variability for agronomic and morphological traits of castor among the tested accessions. For some traits such as 100 seed weight, wider variation was observed compared to the entire USDA germplasm collection. In this study the accessions were clustered in two five classes with cluster V having only one accession. Principal component analysis indicated that PC1 contributed 79% of the variation and capsules per plant and seeds per plant constituting the most to variation among accessions. In this study, number of capsules and seeds per plant were the two most important yield component traits to be considered in the future breeding program
Some of the contributions of Dr. Hiruy Belayneh to oilseed Brassica research in Ethiopia
No full textIn IDL-1120
Scientometric analysis of the Ethiopian Journal of Agricultural Sciences
No full textA Scientometric analysis of the Ethiopian Journal of Agricultural Sciences from volume 1 to 24 covering 279 papers is reported. The journal was covering all areas of agriculture with most papers having single, two or three authors and; in a rare cases up to nine and twelve authors. The number of papers in agronomy, field crop breeding and crop protection was large and very few in agricultural education, botany and taxonomy. The number of papers per volume varies from 16 to 7 with an average of 11 papers and a total number of pages per volume varying from 189 to84 with an average of 129 pages per volume. Similarly the average number of pages per paper citations per paper was 11.8 and 10.9 respectively. The highest authorship productivity was nine
VARIABILITY IN ETHIOPIAN CORIANDER ACCESSIONS FOR AGRONOMIC AND QUALITY TRAITS
No full textCoriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is an annual spice herb that belongs to the family of Umbelliferae/Apiaceae. Although Ethiopia is known as a primary diversity for coriander, the knowledge on nature and extent of variation of the indigenous germplasm is limited. Hence, to address the nature and extent of variability on agronomic and chemical traits, test trial was conducted at Kokate and Wondo Genet, Southern Ethiopia, using 49 accessions arranged in randomised complete block design in two replications during the main season of 2007/08. Data for 15 agronomic and quality traits were measured and statistically tested. In the combined analysis of variance over locations, accessions varied significantly in all the traits except for basal leaf number, plant height and fatty oil contents. The interaction between accessions and environment was significant for nine of the 15 traits. A range of seed yield (910-3099 kg ha-1), essential oil (0.25-0.85%) and fatty oil (11.11-16.53%) content was obtained. Overall, highest value of genetic coefficient of variation, broad sense heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean was obtained for longest basal leaf length, days to start 50 % flowering, umbels number/plant, umbellets number/umbel, seed number/umbellets, seed number/plant, seed yield/ha and essential oil content. Key Words: Coriandrum sativum, essential oil, Ethiopia, fatty oil RÉSUM
