1,720,963 research outputs found
Freeze-Drying of Wine Yeasts and Oenococcus oeni and Selection of the Inoculation Conditions after Storage
Full text linkModern winemaking industry has new challenges focused on the application of preserved starter’s microbial cultures for the optimization of the fermentation process that ensuring flavor characteristics and the reproducibility of the final products obtained. Thus, the aim of the present work was to select the inoculation conditions for preselected Saccharomyces cerevisiae mc2 (SC), Kloeckera apiculata mF (KA) and Oenococcus oeni X2L (OO) after freeze-drying and storage in both pure and mixed cultures. The strains were grown in 17% Natural Grape Juice (NGJ) and then lyophilized in 10% individual sugars (glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose and trehalose), 2.4% sodium glutamate, 4% yeast extract and NGJ by using different culture combinations: 1)- pure cultures (KA1, SC1, OO1), 2)- mixed yeast cultures (KA2, SC2), 3)- mixed microbial cultures (KA3, SC3, OO3). After lyophilization, the strains were stored for 12 months at 4 and 25°C. Viability post-lyophilization was culture/lyoprotectant-dependent while survival to storage depended on time and temperature being O. oeni the more resistant strain to the all process, then K. apiculata and S. cerevisiae, respectively. Freeze-drying of mixed KA-SC in 10% fructose and OO in 17% NGJ up to 6 months of storage at 4°C were the best conditions for the maintenance of the fermentative properties of the strains and for glycerol production. The inoculation of grape musts with KA-SC and OO lyophilized individually with low-cost lyoprotectants would ensure the proper development of the fermentation processes and glycerol synthesis, thus increasing the organoleptic characteristics of wines by a non-Saccharomyces strain. Therefore, the starter culture should include K. apiculata, S. cerevisiae and O. oeni strains.Fil: Ale, Cesar Emmanuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Otero, María Claudia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Pasteris, Sergio Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentin
Characterization of a bacteriocin produced by enterococcus gallinarum CRL 1826 Isolated from captive bullfrog: evaluation of its mode of action against Listeria monocytogenes and gram-negatives
Full text linkEnterococcus gallinarum CRL 1826 isolated from an American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) skin inhibits the growth of Citrobacter freundii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (bullfrog pathogens) and Listeria monocytogenes by a synergistic effect between organic acids and a bacteriocin-like molecule. This bacteriocin, named enterocin CRL 1826, showed a proteinaceous nature, heat stability and polar characteristics. Its production followed kinetics of primary metabolites synthesis reaching a maximum of 61,400 AU/mL. The minimum inhibitory and minimumbactericidal concentrations were 2,640 and 5,280 AU/mL, respectively, against L. monocytogenes. The addition of 120,000 AU/mL of enterocin to growing L. monocytogenes and Gram-negative (P. aeruginosa and C. freundii) bacteria showed bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects, respectively. However, enterocin derived-peptides had bactericidal effect only against Gram-negatives.Enterocin produced cell envelope damages and efflux of citosolic content on L. monocytogenes, while enterocin derived-peptides showed granulation and contraction of cytoplasm material on P. aeruginosa and increase in theperiplasmic space and empty cells appearance on C. freundii.Enterocin CRL 1826 is the first bacteriocin described for E. gallinarum from raniculture. It could be used as a biopreservative while the derived-peptides represent an alternative to control multi-drug resistant Gram-negatives.The antimicrobial spectrum and the stability of enterocin and its derived-peptides indicate that they could be applied in different biotechnological areas.Fil: Montel Mendoza, María Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucuman. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biologicas; ArgentinaFil: Ale, Cesar Emmanuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucuman. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biologicas; ArgentinaFil: Nader, Maria Elena Fatima. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Pasteris, Sergio Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucuman. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biologicas; Argentin
Fermentation Performance of Selected Microorganisms in Malbec Musts under Two Different Wine Making Conditions
Full text linkThis work evaluates the fermentation performance of simultaneous cultures of selected indigenous Saccharomyces cerevisiae mc2, Kloeckera apiculata mF and Oenococcus oeni X2L in Malbec musts. Fermentations (3 l) were carried out at the pilot plant under two conditions: 1-initial pH 5.5, 60.24 mg/l SO2, 26°C) and 2-initial pH 3.8, 125 mg/l SO2, 28°C), using different culture combinations and S.cerevisiae IOC 18-2007 as control. The final wine densities were 0.992-0.997 g/l (10 days). Microorganisms grew in all conditions. Yeasts prevailed, especially S. cerevisiae (108 CFU/ml) while O. oeni reached 107 CFU/ml. Total reducing sugars consumption was >80% and full malate consumption was observed in all musts inoculated with O. oeni. Ethanol formation corresponded to Malbec variety (310-342 mM), while total acidity did not exceed organoleptic quality limit (4.6-6.49 g/l). Glycerol production was ~84.3-95.1 mM. Among tested esters, ethyl acetate/2-phenyl ethyl acetate showed highest concentration. The sensoryanalysis showed the highest scores for visual descriptors (fluency, color intensity and tonality), olfactory intensity, taste descriptors and general harmony. Thus, we propose an inoculation condition using a mixed yeasts-O.oeni culture and an optimal statistical point to improve microbial performance to obtain quality Malbec wines enhancing body and sensorial properties.Fil: Ale, Cesar Emmanuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Morata, Vilma Ines. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Aplicadas a la Industria; ArgentinaFil: Carrión Cervantes, Raúl Orlando. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Aplicadas a la Industria; ArgentinaFil: Pasteris, Sergio Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentin
Cultivable microbiota of Lithobates catesbeianus and advances in the selection of lactic acid bacteria as biological control agents in raniculture
No full textThe cultivable microbiota of skin and cloaca of captive Lithobates catesbeianus includes microorganisms generally accepted as beneficial and potentially pathogenic bacteria. In order to select a group of potentially probiotic bacteria, 136 isolates were evaluated for their surface properties and production of antagonistic metabolites. Then, 11 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains were selected and identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, Lb. brevis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactococcus lactis, L. garvieae and Enterococcus gallinarum. Studies of compatibility indicate that all the strains could be included in a multi-strain probiotic, with the exception of Ent. gallinarum CRL 1826 which inhibited LAB species through a bacteriocin-like metabolite. These results contribute to the design of a probiotic product to improve the sanitary status of bullfrogs in intensive culture systems, to avoid the use of antibiotics and thus to reduce production costs. It could also be an alternative to prevent infectious diseases during the ex situ breeding of amphibian species under threat of extinction.Fil: Montel Mendoza, María Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Pasteris, Sergio Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Ale, Cesar Emmanuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Otero, María Claudia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Bühler, Marta Ines. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Nader, Maria Elena Fatima. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentin
Microencapsulation of bovine vaginal lactobacilli in alginate using emulsion-gelation: freeze-drying, storage and antimicrobial activity
Full text linkProbiotics containing autochthonous Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) as local treatment in the Bovine Reproductive Tract (BRT)was proposed as a sustainable alternative to prevent outcome of pathogens colonization in the postpartum uterus in cows.Microencapsulation of these LABs could improve their survival during stressing conditions and promote the intimate contact betweenthe veterinarian form and the vaginal mucosa. In this work, emulsion-ionic gelation technique was applied to encapsulate bovine LABstrains in an alginate (3%) matrix. Optical and scanning electron microscopic evaluations showed spheroidal particles (12-48 µm)with a fully charge of LAB; the average load ranged 8.98 ± 0.15 to 8.06 ± 0.21 log CFU/g. The microencapsulated lactic acid bacteria(LAB-MCs) stability was evaluated during lyophilization [in Skim Milk (SM), or Neutral Distilled Water (NDW)] and storage (at 4°Cup to 90 days). SM represented a significant high protection to the lyophilization. Also, the alginate microencapsulation improvedthe LAB strain resistance when freeze-dried in water, comparing to known sensibility of LAB free cells. L. gasseri CRL 1412 showedsimilar resistance in both, NDW (0.70 ± 0.05) and SM (0.72 ± 0.05); and their microcapsules (MCs) exhibited antagonistic activityagainst E. coli 99/14 (pathogen from Bovine metritis) when cultured together; contrary, in co-culture with empty-MCs no inhibitionwas observed. To evaluate the microencapsulation process, different parameters were estimated: Encapsulation Factor (EF) (rangedbetween 0.76 ± 0.03 and 0.85 ± 0.08) and Encapsulating Efficiency (EE) (average EE%=75%) none significant differences (LSDFishertest, P<0.05) were observed between LAB strains. Taking account the weight of the materials, the calculated average yieldwas 50.5%. The standardized encapsulation conditions allowed selected L. gasseri CRL 1412-MCs as potential systems to beincluded in formulations to restore vaginal microbiota to prevent metritis in cowsFil: Ale, Cesar Emmanuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Torres Luque, Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Gonzalez Moreno, Candelaria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Otero, María Claudia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentin
Characterization of a bacteriocin produced by Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis CRL 1584 isolated from a Lithobates catesbeianus hatchery
Full text linkLactococcus lactis CRL 1584 isolated from a Lithobates catesbeianus hatchery inhibits the growth of Citrobacter freundii (a bullfrog pathogen) and Listeria monocytogenes by a synergistic effect between lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide and a bacteriocin-like molecule. The chemical characterization of the bacteriocin in cell-free supernatants indicates that it has a proteinaceous nature. Hexadecane and ethyl acetate did not modify the bacteriocin activity, while 10 and 20 % (v/v) chloroform decreased the activity by 29 and 43 %, respectively. The antimicrobial peptide was heat stable since 85 % of residual activity was detected when neutralized supernatants were heated at 80 °C for 30 min. Moreover, no bacteriocin inactivation was observed when supernatants were kept at -20 °C for 3 months. The synthesis of the bacteriocin was associated with bacterial growth, highest production (2,100 AU/ml) being detected at the end of the exponential growth phase. At pH ranges of 5-6.5 and 5.0-5.5 the inhibitory molecule was stable when stored for 2 days at 4 and 25 °C, respectively. Moreover, it had a bactericidal effect on L. monocytogenes and the ultrastructural studies of pathogenic cells revealed clumping of the cytoplasmic material, increased periplasmic space and cell wall modifications. The deduced amino acid sequence of the bacteriocin was identical to nisin Z and the genetic determinants for its production are harbored in the chromosome. These results, described for the first time in L. lactis from a bullfrog hatchery, will increase knowledge of the bacteriocin under study with a view to its potential inclusion in probiotics for raniculture or biopreservatives.Fil: Pasteris, Sergio Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucuman. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biologicas; ArgentinaFil: Vera Pingitore, Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucuman. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biologicas; ArgentinaFil: Ale, Cesar Emmanuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucuman. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biologicas; ArgentinaFil: Nader, Maria Elena Fatima. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos; Argentin
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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