1,720,988 research outputs found
Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Miopia pada Pelajar SMP di Perkotaan dan di Pedesaan
No full textLatar Belakang. Miopia menduduki peringkat pertama sebagai kelainan refraksi yang paling banyak diderita oleh penduduk dunia, perkembangannya cepat pada anak-anak. Anak-anak yang lebih muda memiliki perkembangan miopia yang lebih besar, dan usia yang lebih muda merupakan faktor risiko yang signifikan untuk miopia yang tinggi di masa depan. Berbagai faktor telah diketahui dapat mempengaruhi kejadian miopia, adanya dorongan multifaktorial seperti jenis kelamin, aktivitas dekat dengan atau tanpa layar, aktivitas di luar ruangan, riwayat keluarga miopia dan lingkungan dapat menyebabkan terjadinya miopia. Disamping itu seiring dengan kemajuan teknologi dan telekomunikasi secara langsung maupun tidak langsung akan meningkatkan aktivitas melihat dekat, terutama pada anak-anak di daerah perkotaan yang mau tidak mau akan bersinggungan dengan keadaan tersebut. Hal ini sangat kontras dengan keadaan anak usia sekolah di pedesaan. Di pedesaan kemajuan teknologi belum sederas seperti di daerah perkotaan. Tujuan. Untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian miopia pada pelajar SMP di perkotaan dan di pedesaan berdasarkan faktor resiko yang telah ditetapkan. Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi potong lintang (cross sectional) dan pemilihan sampel total sampling. Hasil. Terdapat sebanyak 74 orang siswa di perkotaan dan 64 orang siswa di pedesaan yang menderita miopia. Ditemukan terdapat hubungan antara faktor risiko lama aktivitas dekat tanpa layar, intensitas cahaya aktivitas dekat tanpa layar dan status ekonomi terhadap kejadian miopia dengan hasil uji Chi Square p<0,001, p=0,045 dan p<0,001, masing-masing. Sedangkan pada variable lain tidak didapatkan hubungann. Kesimpulan. Faktor risiko yang paling berpengaruh pada pelajar di perkotaan dan di pedesaan adalah lama dan intensitas cahaya aktivitas dekat tanpa layar serta status ekonomi.Background. Myopia ranks first as a refractive disorder that is most prevalent in the world's population especially in children. Younger children have a greater development of myopia hence it is a significant risk factor for high myopia incidence in the future. Various factors have been known to affect the incidence of myopia which are the presence of multifactorial impulses such as sex, near works, outdoor activities, family story with myopia and the environment. Besides that, along with advances in technology and telecommunications, directly or indirectly, it will increase the activity of close viewing, especially in children in urban areas who inevitably will come into contact with these conditions. Moreover, the technology in urban areas are more advanced than in rural areas. Objective. To find out the factors that influence the incidence of myopia in middle school students in urban and rural areas based on predetermined risk factors. Method. This study used a descriptive method with a cross sectional study approach and a total sampling selection. Results. There are 74 students in urban areas and 64 students in rural areas suffering from myopia. The only variables that have a significant correlation with incidence of myopia were duration of near work activities without the use of gadgets, the light intensity of near screen activities and economic status (p<0.001, p= 0.045 and p<0.001). Whereas in other variables there was no correlation found. Conclusion. The most influential risk factors for students in urban and rural areas are the duration and intensity of light in near activities without screens and economic status.Skripsi Sarjan
Tingkat Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Perilaku Orang Tua tentang Durasi & Jarak Penggunaan Gadget terhadap Penurunan Tajam Penglihatan Anak Selama Pembelajaran Daring di Era Pandemi Covid-19
No full textLatar Belakang: Pada usia anak sekolah, pennurunan ketajaman mata merupakan salah satu masalah yang paling sering terjadi. Di Indonesia terutama anak-anak remaja golongan ekonomi keatas mengalami penurunan tajam penglihatan yang diakibatkan oleh jarak penggunaan gadget yang terlalu dekat dan durasi penggunaan gadget yang lama. Pemakaian gadget berlebihan didefinisikan pada penggunaan gadget lebih dari 2 jam per hari pada anak berusia di atas 2 tahun dan dikatakan bahwa jarak kurang dari 30 cm dapat meningkatkan risiko 3 kali lipat terjadinya kelainan ketajaman penglihatan. Adanya keterlibatan orang tua dalam memantau penggunaan gadget anak sangat dibutuhkan Tujuan: Mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku orang tua tentang durasi dan jarak penggunaan gadget terhadap penurunan tajam penglihatan anak selama pembelajaran daring di era pandemi Covid-19. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Pengambilan sampel akan dilakukan menggunakan simple random rampling dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Penelitian ini akan dianalisa menggunakan perangkat lunak statistik SPSS. Hasil: Dari hasil penelitian yang diperoleh didapatkan tingkat pengetahuan baik sebanyak 73 orang (86,9%), cukup 8 orang (9,5%) dan kurang 3 orang (3,6%). Didapatkan sikap positif sebanyak 56 orang (66,7%) dan negatif 28 orang (33,3%). Diperoleh perilaku orang tua yang positif sebanyak 43 orang (51,2%) dan negatif sebanyak 41 orang (48,8%). Kesimpulan: Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan orang tua adalah baik memiliki sikap dan perilaku yang tergolong positif.Background: At school age, eye acuity is one of the most common problems. In Indonesia, especially adolescents of the economic class and above experience a sharp decrease in vision caused by the distance of gadget use that is too close and the duration of gadget use is long. Excessive gadget use is defined in gadget use more than 2 hours per day in children over 2 years of age and it is said that a distance of less than 30 cm can increase the risk 3-fold of vision acuity disorders. The involvement of parents in monitoring the use of children's gadgets is needed Objective: Knowing the level of knowledge, attitudes and behavior of parents about the duration and distance of gadget use against a sharp decrease in children's vision during online learning in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods: This study uses descriptive methods with a cross-sectional approach. Sampling will be done using simple random rampling with inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study will be analyzed using SPSS statistical software. Result: From the results of the study obtained good knowledge levels as many as 73 people (86.9%), enough 8 people (9.5%) and less 3 people (3.6%). There were 56 positive attitudes (66.7%) and 28 negative attitudes (33.3%). Positive parental behavior was obtained as many as 43 people (51.2%) and negative as many as 41 people (48.8%). Conclusion: From this study it can be concluded that the level of knowledge of parents is both having attitudes and behaviors that are classified as positive.89 HalamanSkripsi Sarjan
Hubungan Pola Aktivitas Siswa dengan Kelainan Refraksi pada Siswa SD di Kecamatan Medan Baru
No full textBackground. Refractive disorder is a circumstance in which the eye fails to focus
the light coming from an object onto the retina resulting in blurred shadows. One
of the risk factors that cause or increase the progressivity of refractive disorder is
environmental factors. Environmental factors are avoidable factors and are related
to the social aspects of a child, such as a child's habitual patterns in carrying close
range activities (reading, using a computer, playing video games, and watching
television) and also outdoor activities. Objectives. To examine the correlation
between student activity patterns and the occurrence of refractive disorder.
Methods. This study used an analytical method with a cross-sectional design. The
data used are primary data obtained directly through visus examination with the
Snellen Chart and pinhole, and through filling out questionnaires by elementary
school students. Result. Based on the results of the chi-square test, it was found that
there was a significant relationship (p < 0.05) between the duration, distance, and
position of the body when reading books with the occurrence of refractive disorder.
There was also a significant relationship (p < 0.05) between duration, distance,
and body position when using gadgets with the occurrence of refractive
disorder. Conclusion. There is a significant relationship between the activity
patterns of the students when reading books and when using gadgets with the
occurrence of refractive disorder.116 HalamanSkripsi Sarjan
Comparison of Visual Acuity Measurement Results between Personal JVAS Software and Thumbling E in Preschool Children
No full textBackground: Visual acuity measurement is a crucial aspect of evaluating eye health function in both adult and pediatric populations. Establishing an individual's visual acuity quality allows for more optimal identification of underlying pathologies. Preschool-aged children, in particular, warrant special attention in this population due to the challenge of communicating complaints, making it difficult to conduct visual acuity examinations. Various methods have been employed for measuring visual acuity in the pediatric population, especially in preschool-aged children, with matching methods being the most effective.
Objective: The researcher aims to compare the results of visual acuity measurements using the Jaeb Visual Acuity Screener (JVAS) and the Thumbling E Chart in preschool-aged children at TK Yayasan Raudhatu Bina Rabbani, Medan, North Sumatra.
Method: This study is an analytical study with a cross-sectional research design aimed at comparing the accuracy of visual acuity measurements using JVAS and Thumbling E.
Results: Based on the examination of the Thumbling E Chart against the gold standard examination in the right eye of preschool-aged children, it was found that the sensitivity of the Thumbling E Chart examination to the gold standard examination was 81.8%, specificity was 90.3%, positive predictive value (PPV) was 75%, negative predictive value (NPV) was 93.3%, and accuracy rate was 88.1% in the right eye and 100%, specificity was 90.2%, PPV was 79.3%, NPV was 100%, and accuracy rate was 92.9% in the left eye. Meanwhile, the accuracy value of the JVAS examination to the gold standard examination in the right eye showed that the sensitivity of the JVAS examination to the gold standard was 86.4%, specificity was 91.19%, PPV was 79.2%, NPV was 95%, and accuracy rate was 90.5% in the right eye and 95.7%, specificity was 83.6%, PPV was 68.8%, NPV was 98.1%, and accuracy rate was 89.6% in the left eye of preschool-aged children.
Conclusion: The specificity and sensitivity levels are almost similar in the application of examinations using the JVAS and Thumbling E Chart methods.84 PagesTesis Magiste
Relationship Between Screen Time and Dry Eye in Medical Faculty Students of Universitas Sumatera Utara
No full textBackground. Dry eye is a multifactorial disease on the surface of the eye with signs in the form of loss of tear film homeostasis accompanied by discomfort or discomfort in the eyes and/or blurred vision. The prevalence of dry eye in Indonesia reaches up to 27.5% in the young age group, namely 17-35 years. One of the risk factors for dry eye is female gender and screen time duration ≥2 hours/day. Aim. This study aims to determine the relationship between screen time and dry eye. Methods. The research was conducted analytically using a cross-sectional study design. The research sample was students from the Faculty of Medicine, University of North Sumatra class 2021 to 2023 who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were taken based on a non-probability sampling method with Consecutive Sampling type. Research data was collected through questionnaires to subjects regarding the devices most frequently used for screen time, average screen time per day, and the OSDI questionnaire. Results. The prevalence of dry eye sufferers among students from the 2021 to 2023 class is 88.6%. As many as 87.5% use cellphones as the device most often used for screen time. There are 70.5% of students who have screen time >8 hours/day. The results of statistical test calculations using the Chi-Square test show that there is a relationship between screen time and dry eye (p=0.000). Conclusion. There is a relationship between screen time and dry eye.103 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Angka Kejadian Penderita Miopia dikalangan Etnis Cina dan Etnis Non Cina pada Anak Kelas 4-6 SD Methodist 2 Medan
No full textBackground. Myopia is a refractive defect with Ray shadows of a distant object focused in front of the retina on the eye that does not. The prevalence and incidence of myopia depends on age, genetics, gender, race, ethnicity, occupation, environment and various other factors. A study in Hongkong, myopia prevalence in international schools 60-66% with the highest prevalence on students of Chinese descent by 82.8%. Asians have higher myopia tendencies (85-90%) Compared to Americans (20-50%). In addition, in children the habit of learning until late at night coupled with a curate light illumination, and often use electronic media with exposure to light too often and the close distance will cause the muscles around the eyes will be Contracts so that the refractive power is too far. Indonesia ranks first on the prevalence of eye refractive abnormalities with a total of nearly 25% of the population from approximately 55 million. The incidence rate of refraction in Indonesia as much as 22.1% of which is experienced by school-age children. Purpose. To find out the prevalence of myopia among ethnic Chinese and ethnic non-Chinese in 4-6-grade elementary school students 2 Medan. Method. The study uses a descriptive method with the study approach cut latitude (cross sectional) and the selection of sample purposive sampling. Result. .Research at SD Methodist 2 Medan in grades 4, 5 and 6, there were 69 (59,0%) ethnic chinese students and 48 (41,0%) non ethnic chinese students. Comclusion. Myopia sufferers at SD Methodist 2 Medan More in ethnic Chinese are compared with non-Chinese ethnicity.Latar belakang. Miopia adalah kelainan refraksi dengan bayangan sinar dari suatu objek yang jauh difokuskan di depan retina pada mata yang tidak. Prevalensi dan insidensi miopia tergantung dari usia, genetik, jenis kelamin, ras, etnis, pekerjaan, lingkungan dan berbagai faktor lainnya. Sebuah penelitian di Hongkong, prevalensi miopia di sekolah Internasional 60-66% dengan prevalensi tertinggi pada siswa keturunan Cina sebesar 82,8%. Orang Asia memiliki kecenderungan miopia lebih tinggi (85-90%) dibandingkan dengan orang Amerika (20-50%). Selain itu, pada anak-anak kebiasaan belajar hingga larut malam ditambah dengan kurangan penerangan cahaya, dan sering menggunakan media elektronik dengan paparan cahaya yang terlalu sering dan jarak yang dekat akan menyebabkan otot-otot di sekitar mata akan berkontraksi sehingga daya bias lensa terlalu jauh. Indonesia menempati urutan pertama pada prevalensi kelainan refraksi mata dengan jumlah hampir 25% populasi penduduk dari sekitar 55 juta jiwa. Angka kejadian kelainan refraksi di Indonesia sebanyak 22,1% yang diantaranya dialami oleh anak usia sekolah. Tujuan. Untuk mengetahui prevalensi miopia di kalangan etnis cina dan etnis non cina pada anak kelas 4-6 SD Methodist 2 Medan. Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi potong lintang (cross sectional) dan pemilihan sampel purposive sampling, Hasil. Penelitian di SD Methodist 2 Medan pada kelas 4, 5, dan 6 terdapat 69 (59,0%) siswa etnis cina dan 48 41,0%) siswa etnis non cina. Kesimpulan. Penderita miopia di SD Methodist 2 Medan lebih banyak pada etnis cina disbanding dengan etnis non cina72 HalamanSkripsi Sarjan
Prevalensi Miopia Sebelum dan Sesudah Pandemi Covid-19 pada Rumah Sakit Prof. Chairuddin P. Lubis Universitas Sumatera Utara
Full text linkIntroduction: Myopia is a condition of nearsightedness that occurs when the image of distant objects is focused in front of the retina when the eyes are not accommodating. Objective: To determine the prevalence of myopia before and after the Covid-19 pandemic at Prof. Dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis Hospital, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Method: This research employs a cross-sectional analytical method using secondary data from the medical records of Prof. Chairuddin P. Lubis Hospital, Universitas Sumatera Utara, covering the periods before the pandemic (January 2018 to December 2019) and after the Covid-19 pandemic (November 2021 to October 2023). Results and Discussion: The total number of patients at Prof. Dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis Hospital, Universitas Sumatera Utara, before and after the Covid-19 pandemic was 262 patients. It was found that before the Covid-19 pandemic, there were 155 individuals with myopia (59.2%), and after the pandemic, there were 107 individuals (40.8%). Regarding gender distribution, before the pandemic, there were 93 females (60%) and 62 males (40%), while after the Covid-19 pandemic, there were 58 females (54.2%) and 49 males (45.8%). In the age group before the pandemic, 40 individuals (25.8%) were aged 5-11 years, and 115 individuals (74.2%) were aged 12-19 years. After the Covid-19 pandemic, 26 individuals (24.3%) were aged 5-11 years, and 81 individuals (75.7%) were aged 12-19 years. Conclusion: The prevalence of myopia at Prof. Chairuddin P. Lubis Hospital, Universitas Sumatera Utara, shows a decrease after the Covid-19 pandemic period. Additionally, there is a tendency for myopia to occur more frequently in female patients compared to male patients, and the majority of myopia patients fall within the age group of 12-19 years.57 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Gambaran Tingkat Pengetahuan Ibu Tentang Vitamin A di Desa Batang Kuis Pekan Tahun 2017
No full textBackground. Vitamin A is a fat soluble vitamin that has biological activity as retinol. It is beneficial for lowering the mortality and morbidity rate. It enhances immune system against infection and has important role in maintaining ophthalmic health. Vitamin A deficiency is the main cause of blindness in children. There is approximately 6-7 million new cases of Xerophthalmia every year. Vitamin A intake level in Sumatera Utara was the lowest in Indonesia. Maternal role in providing vitamin A is extremely important. Their knowledge regarding to vitamin A will affect their behaviour in providing vitamin A to their children. Extermination of vitamin A deficiency is one of WHO program which entitled “Vision 2020: Right to Sight”. Objective. To provide information about maternal knowledge level about vitamin A in Batang Kuis Pekan Village in 2017, also to describe their source of information regarding to it. Method. This is a descriptive study with cross sectional design. The sampling technique was done consecutively. Data was collected from primary and secondary sources. Result. 88.4% of respondents have high knowledge level, followed by 8.1% of them who have moderate level and 3.5% who have low level. Most of them had encountered the information regarding to vitamin A via poster or brocure. Only a small percentage who had used the internet as a source of information regarding to it. Conclusion. The majority of respondents have a high knowledge level about vitamin A. Information regarding to it was obtained from variable sources and very common in the society.Latar Belakang. Vitamin A adalah vitamin larut lemak yang mempunyai aktivitas biologik sebagai retinol. Vitamin A bermanfaat menurunkan angka kematian dan kesakitan. Vitamin A dapat meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh terhadap penyakit infeksi serta memiliki peranan penting bagi kesehatan mata. Kekurangan Vitamin A (KVA) merupakan penyebab utama kebutaan pada anak. Diperkirakan 6-7 juta kasus baru Xeropthalmia tiap tahun. Cakupan pemberian vitamin A di Indonesia menempatkan Sumatera Utara ditempat terendah. Peran ibu dalam pemberian vitamin A sangatlah penting. Pengetahuan ibu tentang vitamin A akan mempengaruhi sikapnya terhadap pemberian vitamin A pada anaknya. Pengentasan KVA merupakan dukungan program WHO yaitu “Vision 2020:Right to Sight”. Tujuan. Diketahuinya gambaran tingkat pengetahuan ibu tentang vitamin A di Desa Batang Kuis Pekan tahun 2017 dan media sumber informasi vitamin A yang diperoleh ibu. Metode. Penelitian deskriptif dengan desain cross sectional. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik consecutive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan data primer dan sekunder. Hasil. 88,4% responden memiliki tingkat pengetahuan baik, diikuti 8,1% bertingkat pengetahuan cukup dan 3,5% bertingkat pengetahuan kurang. Sebagian besar responden pernah mendapatkan informasi tentang vitamin A melalui poster maupun brosur. Hanya sebagian kecil responden pernah menjadikan internet sebagai media sumber informasi tentang vitamin A. Kesimpulan. Mayoritas responden memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang baik tentang vitamin A. Informasi tentang vitamin A mudah didapatkan dari berbagai media dan sangat umum di masyarakat.Skripsi Sarjan
Relationship Between Screen Time and Dry Eye in Medical Faculty Students of Universitas Sumatera Utara
No full textBackground. Dry eye is a multifactorial disease on the surface of the eye with signs in the form of loss of tear film homeostasis accompanied by discomfort or discomfort in the eyes and/or blurred vision. The prevalence of dry eye in Indonesia reaches up to 27.5% in the young age group, namely 17-35 years. One of the risk factors for dry eye is female gender and screen time duration ≥2 hours/day. Aim. This study aims to determine the relationship between screen time and dry eye. Methods. The research was conducted analytically using a cross-sectional study design. The research sample was students from the Faculty of Medicine, University of North Sumatra class 2021 to 2023 who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were taken based on a non-probability sampling method with Consecutive Sampling type. Research data was collected through questionnaires to subjects regarding the devices most frequently used for screen time, average screen time per day, and the OSDI questionnaire. Results. The prevalence of dry eye sufferers among students from the 2021 to 2023 class is 88.6%. As many as 87.5% use cellphones as the device most often used for screen time. There are 70.5% of students who have screen time >8 hours/day. The results of statistical test calculations using the Chi-Square test show that there is a relationship between screen time and dry eye (p=0.000). Conclusion. There is a relationship between screen time and dry eye.103 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Hubungan Pola Aktivitas Siswa dengan Kelainan Refraksi pada Siswa SD di Kecamatan Medan Baru
No full textBackground. Refractive disorder is a circumstance in which the eye fails to focus
the light coming from an object onto the retina resulting in blurred shadows. One
of the risk factors that cause or increase the progressivity of refractive disorder is
environmental factors. Environmental factors are avoidable factors and are related
to the social aspects of a child, such as a child's habitual patterns in carrying close
range activities (reading, using a computer, playing video games, and watching
television) and also outdoor activities. Objectives. To examine the correlation
between student activity patterns and the occurrence of refractive disorder.
Methods. This study used an analytical method with a cross-sectional design. The
data used are primary data obtained directly through visus examination with the
Snellen Chart and pinhole, and through filling out questionnaires by elementary
school students. Result. Based on the results of the chi-square test, it was found that
there was a significant relationship (p < 0.05) between the duration, distance, and
position of the body when reading books with the occurrence of refractive disorder.
There was also a significant relationship (p < 0.05) between duration, distance,
and body position when using gadgets with the occurrence of refractive
disorder. Conclusion. There is a significant relationship between the activity
patterns of the students when reading books and when using gadgets with the
occurrence of refractive disorder.116 HalamanSkripsi Sarjan
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