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Association Between Inflammatory Diet and Oral Diseases: Results from the 2015-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
No full textObjective
The link between diet and oral health is well-established, yet the role of inflammation in this relationship has been underexplored. This study investigates the association between the energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII) and various oral health outcomes including caries prevalence, missing teeth, and overall caries experience, while accounting for demographic and behavioral factors using data from the 2015–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).
Materials and Methods
Dental outcomes assessed included active untreated caries, measured as the number and prevalence of: coronal and root caries; and number of missing teeth due to caries or periodontal disease complete edentulism; and overall caries experience measured by the DMFT index, which quantifies decayed, missing, and filled teeth. Logistic regression and Poisson regression models were used to evaluate associations between E-DII and oral health outcomes, adjusting for age, race, gender, education, income, smoking status, and time since last dental visit. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the findings by modifying the E-DII and applying different analytical approaches.
Results
The analysis included 8,131 U.S. adults aged 20 years or older who had completed dental examinations and two-day dietary recalls, representing a weighted population of approximately 231 million adults. Participants were categorized into quartiles based on their E-DII score, with higher scores indicating a more pro-inflammatory diet.
The distribution of E-DII quartiles varied by demographic factors. Higher E-DII scores were associated with lower education and income levels. More than one-third of non-Hispanic Black adults (34.4%) were in the highest E-DII quartile, whereas 43.2% of non-Hispanic Asians were in the lowest quartile. A higher proportion of current smokers and individuals without recent dental visits were also in the highest E-DII quartile.
Higher E-DII quartiles were significantly associated with poorer oral health outcomes. Individuals in the highest E-DII quartile had greater odds of experiencing coronal caries (adjusted OR: 2.17, 95% CI: 1.62–2.91), root caries (adjusted OR: 2.10, 95% CI: 1.37–3.22), and missing teeth (adjusted OR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.13–2.06) compared to those in the lowest quartile. The mean number of decayed teeth increased progressively with higher E-DII quartiles, with an adjusted mean ratio of 1.79 (95% CI: 1.29–2.47) for the highest quartile. Sensitivity analyses, including a modified E-DII that excluded carbohydrates and alcohol, confirmed these associations. Further analysis using a binary classification of E-DII and continuous modeling supported the relationship between pro-inflammatory diets and poor oral health. Each unit increase in continuous E-DII was associated with increased odds of coronal caries (adjusted OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.16–1.44) and missing teeth (adjusted OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.05–1.27).
Conclusion
This study highlights the significant impact of pro-inflammatory diets on oral health. A higher E-DII, indicating a more inflammatory diet, was consistently associated with worse oral health outcomes, including greater odds of coronal and root caries, missing teeth, and a higher number of decayed teeth. These findings suggest that dietary modifications could serve as a potential strategy for preventing oral diseases and improving overall oral health.Dental Public Healt
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The Effectiveness of a Comprehensive School-Based Caries Prevention Program: ForsythKids
No full textThe aims of this dissertation are to describe ForsythKids program; evaluate the longitudinal temporal trends in the incidence of new caries over time; to propose a new metric that measures dental health preservation as an outcome: Proportion of Sound Teeth index (PST).
We analyzed the data extracted from the clinical notes of ForsythKids, a school-based comprehensive dental preventive program. ForsythKids was first implemented back in 2004 in six Title 1 elementary schools in greater Boston area, followed by over 60 schools. Children participating in ForsythKids were eligible to receive three annual school visits, where they will receive full clinical examination and treatment planning, a range of preventive measures, and a referral to a community dentist if needed.
All children aged 5-12 years seen between 2004-2010 were eligible for inclusion in the analysis. We assessed baseline demographic characteristics, and baseline oral health of participating students. Then we fitted multiple regression models to estimate the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of developing new dental caries with each additional preventive visit. We also measured the time and risk to the first dental caries during ForsythKids among caries-free children at baseline and children with caries experience. In addition, we proposed a new metric that measures dental health instead of disease: Proportion of Sound Teeth index (PST). We describe how to calculate the different variations of PST: cross-sectional (xPST), instantaneous (iPST), and cumulative (cPST); then applied xPST and cPST to evaluate ForsythKids data; and compared the results to those obtained with the conventional index, decayed and filled teeth (DFT).
More than half of the children had caries before joining ForsythKids, with 1.9 decayed and filled teeth (dft) in primary teeth (xPst=83.6% sound teeth), and 0.4 DFT in permanent teeth (xPST=98.7%). Overall, each additional preventive visit was associated with an 8% reduction in new dental caries, and the reduction of was steeper among children high-risk children with caries experience at baseline. However, those children had 2.5 times the hazard of developing the first caries compared to their caries-free peers at baseline (95%CI= 2.2, 2.7).
For PST over time, the average reduction in cPst was 3.7 percentage points per visit in primary dentition and 1.6-point reduction in cPST for permanent dentition. Children with caries experience at baseline had a steeper reduction in cPST, while caries-free children had a steeper increase in DFT scores.
In summary, within the limitation of the clinical data and potential selection bias of the participants, the comprehensive nature of ForsythKids appears to lower the incidence of dental caries with each preventive visit, maintain dental health for longer, especially among high-risk children with caries experience at baseline.Dental Public Healt
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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