1,721,026 research outputs found
Economia e Politica dell'innovazione e dell'ambiente
No full textI tassi di crescita economica dei paesi sviluppati necessitano di azioni per assicurare il benessere della collettività e la produttività delle imprese. Per questo motivo, l’innovazione tecnologica assume un ruolo cruciale. Nel testo sono illustrate le nozioni fondamentali dell’innovazione, considerando sia la prospettiva microeconomica, relativa all’impatto dell’innovazione sulla produttività delle imprese, sia la prospettiva macroeconomica, relativa all’impatto dell’innovazione sul mercato del lavoro. Dato che la transizione ecologica, da tecnologie ad alta intensità di carbone a tecnologie a bassa intensità di carbone, può rappresentare una rilevante opportunità di crescita, nel testo sono illustrate le nozioni fondamentali dell’economia delle risorse naturali e dell’innovazione ambientale. Infine, il processo di innovazione sarà efficace solo se opportunamente supportato dalle azioni di politica economica. Per questo motivo, è presentata nel testo una rassegna delle principali politiche che a livello nazionale e internazionale potrebbero essere introdotte per incentivare il processo innovativo.
La speranza è di stimolare in maniera sufficiente l’interesse del lettore, in modo che l’analisi possa essere un utile supporto per ulteriori approfondimenti di ricerca sul tema
PRIVATE MONETARY TRANSFERS AND ALTRUISM: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION ON ITALIAN FAMILIES
No full textThe aim of this paper is to explore the motivation of monetary transfers received
by household heads. Indeed, the financial transfers may be motivated by altruism
or by the expectation of future services. For this reason, we select a sample of
Italian families from the 2006 European Union Statistics on Income and Living
Conditions (EU-SILC) dataset. The empirical analysis is divided into two parts.
First, we consider the transfer decision and try to account for the factors that
affect the probability that the household member will receive a transfer. Next, we
restrict our analysis to those families who did receive a positive transfer and
examine the factors that affect the size of the transfer. The economic interest in
the intrinsic explanation of monetary transfers is supported by the efficacy of
policy makers instruments. For this reason, we also explore the relationship
between private and public financial transfers. The main contribution to the
existing literature is to investigate the social motivation of private transfers and
their implications in terms of policy in a unified framework
Climate change and Knowledge Spillovers for Cleaner Production: New insights
No full textThis paper explored the extent to which the climate change could affect economic performance for large enterprises in the world through the process of knowledge diffusion in the energy sector. There is a theoretical dichotomy between studies to understand if and how economies react to climate change both at macro and micro level. The economic analysis of climate change effects is important to demonstrate that production is associated to world climate and to implement an opportune framework for modelling the economic damages. In this way, new sustainable strategies for increasing efficiency in the use of energy can be suggested by policy makers. Because of environmental externalities produced by the economic activities of companies, the analysis of technological diffusion processes play a crucial role in analysing the economic impact of the climate change. In this perspective, this paper intends to fill two gaps in the literature: firstly, it sheds more light on the sensitivity of the economic performance of companies to climate change; secondly, it analyses the role of knowledge spillovers in a relevant field of cleaner production, which is that of energy. Indeed, the empirical evidence concerning the climate change effects in energy technology through knowledge spillovers is yet poor. The econometric analysis considered a sector-based panel dataset for the USA, Japan and the following European countries: France, Belgium, Germany, Sweden, Italy, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Finland and Denmark, over the time span 2002-2014. The results showed a significant impact of climate change on firms’ productivity and the spillovers play an important role in this process. The findings should have relevant policy implications for each country government in case of development of industrial strategy instruments in cleaner production technology
The Economic Impact of Immigration on Domestic Employment in a Dual Economy: A New Sustainable Challenge
No full textThis paper examines the impact of immigration within an economy based on two sectors, facing administered wages. It is characterized by skilled and unskilled workers. It will be shown that immigration has no effects on skilled employment and negative consequences on employment of unskilled labor
Does environmental innovation make us happy? An empirical investigation
No full textThe aim of this paper is to provide an efficient framework to study the relationship between happiness and eco- innovation, measured by eco-efficiency, considered as a subset of the wider question concerning the relationship between happiness and innovation. The conceptual background describes how happiness can be linked to en- vironmental innovations, drawing potential relations among happiness, environment and innovations. An analytical model derives the relationship between happiness and eco-efficiency from a generic utility function. The empirical focus is on the effects of environmental innovation on population well-being for ten European countries over the period 1981–2011. Environmental innovation is measured by an eco-efficiency indicator (the percentage of total energy from combustible renewables and waste). Results from a panel data model show a positive correlation between eco-efficiency and happiness, linking countries' general well-being to environ- mental conditions, the pace at which they adopt eco-innovations, and the relative efficacy of the latter
The effects of collaboration on research performance of universities: An Analysis by Federal District and Scientific Fields in Russia
No full textThe objective of our paper is to explore the extent to which the research collaborations could be an impact on the scientific performance of academic institutions. The analysis is based on data for 241 universities in Russia for 2015-2016 obtained from different sources: Interfax (privately-held independent major news agency in Russia) National Ranking of Universities; Monitoring of efficiency of activity of educational organizations of higher education (launched by Information-computing Centre of Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation); Russian Science Citation Index (largest Russian information and analytical portal in science, technology, medicine and education and electronic library of scientific publications with 28 mlns of documents). In order to measure university performance in Russia, we choose the publications citations. To this end, we develop a non-overlapping generations model to evidence the theoretical idea of research externalities between academic institutions. Moreover, we implement different empirical models to test for the effect of external scientific collaborations on the institutional research quality by Federal District and Scientific Field. The findings evidence a positive effect of co-authoring process
The role of labour migration inflows on R&D and innovation activity: Evidence from Russian regions
No full textWhat is the effect of an increase of migration inflows on the R&D and innovative performance of developing countries? The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of migration inflows on the R&D and innovation activity (measured as expenditures on R&D and technological innovations) in Russian regions. To this end, we use data on 85 Russian regions for the period 2010-2016 through a multi-region economic geography model. In particular, we test the hypothesis about the importance of migration inflows on R&D and technological innovation activity (H1) and the hypothesis about the importance of immigrants’ (incoming migrants) human capital (measured by the education level of incoming migrants) on R&D and innovation activity (H2). Empirical findings support the evidence in favor of a positive causal link between innovation and migration inflows. Results of our investigation are important because they suggest useful insights for formulating science and innovation policies in Russia, which is a developing country where the recent policies favoring the technological innovation since the transition period have not yet achieved a satisfying outcome. This paper increases the knowledge in the field with respect to the existing literature, shedding further light on the migration inflows effects, which is a political topic to manage very relevant in all countries
High growth episodes among R&D intensive firms: Evidence for Europe, US and Japan
No full textThe purpose of this article is three-fold: first, it tests whether inter-industry R&D spillovers are positively associated with the likelihood of experiencing high growth episodes among R&D intensive firms in Europe, US and Japan; second, it tests whether such a relationship is conditional on their level of absorptive capacity (ACAP); third, it tests whether the acquisition of foreign patents please replace brackets with commas may trigger high growth episodes among a sub-set of R&D intensive firms. For the empirical analysis, we focus on R&D intensive manufacturing firms observed between 2002 and 2017, located in Europe, US and Japan. The empirical findings support the hypotheses suggesting that: a) inter-industry R&D spillovers are associated with the likelihood of experiencing high growth episodes; b) ACAP conditions the relationship between inter-industry R&D spillovers and the likelihood of experiencing high growth episodes and c) shares of foreign patents are positively associated with the likelihood of experiencing high growth episodes among high-tech R&D intensive firms
Knowledge Technology Transfer: A Spatial Analysis within the Triad
No full textThe aim of this study is that of further exploring the knowledge spillover effects of Large International firms. In particular, we implement a spatial analysis in United States, Japan and Europe. We use technological vectors of firms to compute Jaffe proximity measure in such a way that we get knowledge externalities relative to different countries. To our end, we estimate the spatial-autoregressive model where we consider also additional endogenous variables. The findings demonstrate the significant positive effect predicted by the core literature about this topic
Environmental knowledge spillovers and productivity: A patent analysis for large international firms in the energy, water and land resources fields
No full textEnsuring sustainable transition from more to less polluting technologies has become an area of increasing interest to academics and policymakers alike over the recent years. Environmental innovations play a key role in this transition. Still, to date relatively little empirical research has been undertaken on the topic. This applies particularly to the potential impact of knowledge spillovers stemming from environmental innovation, termed here as environmental knowledge spillovers (ES), on firms’ productivity; a research gap explored in this paper. The focus is laid on three economic areas (Europe, Japan and USA), over the period 2002–2017. Additionally, firms’ technological diversity, institutional quality, corporate taxes and the stringency of environmental policy are taken into account to estimate their role in facilitating firms’ technical efficiency. The findings indicate that ES affect firms’ productivity significantly and positively in all the investigated economic areas, whereas tech- nological diversity increases technical efficiency for Japanese and European, but decreases it for American firms. The findings also show how the stringency of environmental policy (positively), institutional quality (positively) and corporate taxes (negatively) affect firms’ technical efficiency
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