1,720,972 research outputs found
Some reflections on learning and e-learning
No full textEducational Technologies' designers always refer to a model, more or less explicit, of the teaching/learning process. Even when not explicit there is always an idea about how people learn behind the design of an e-learning product as there is for every other formal or informal context of learning (school, training classes, working places. etc.). At the same time there is an implicit model of the role of technology: computers can be seen essentially as a "cognitive tool" which allows one access to a series of informations and contents to isolated users or as "social Tool" which allow one top communicate, share and negotaitate competent practices, identities and meanings. In the paper we outline an analysis odf the most widespread educational technologies by investiganting the nature of such "theories" that are "behind" their design and that supports- more or less- learning social practices. Finally, we outline some principles to follow for the design of effective educational technologies following a social and situated learning theory
Interculturality in Institutions. Symbols, Practices and Identities
No full textThis book provides qualitative analyses of intercultural sensemaking in a variety
of institutional contexts. It derives from the assumption that in an increasingly culturally
diverse world, individuals often enter contexts that have communal, historically
determined and stable sets of values, norms and expected identities, with little cultural
compass to find their bearings in them. The book goes beyond interpreting differences
in people’s ethnic or linguistic roots and discusses instead people’s interpretive efforts
to navigate different sociocultural situations. The contributors examine such situations
in educational, organizational, medical and community settings and look at how
participants with different levels of sociocultural competences try to cope with and
understand symbols, practices and identities in institutional contexts. In particular, they
analyse how migrants and children cope with institutional constraints and expectations,
and how their creative adjustments come to light.
This book provides insights from the fields of psychology, education, anthropology and
linguistics, and is of interest to a wide readership interested in cultural meaning-making
La riflessività di partecipanti e ricercatori come risorsa per la costruzione di pratiche di ricerca situate
No full textThe structure of the first oncological visit: A conversation analytic study
No full textLa prima visita in oncologia è un evento istituzionale (Drew e Heritage, 1992) altamente complesso sia per medico che per paziente e accompagnatori coinvolti. Il lavoro presenta uno studio conversazionale su un corpus di prime visite oncologiche volto all'esame delle distinte fasi che compongono questo evento. Il corpus di dati è costituito da 36 video registrazioni di visite oncologiche, condotte da due oncologi senior in due differenti ospedali romani. Lo stu-dio aderisce alla prospettiva teorico-metodologica dell'Analisi Conversazionale (Schegloff, 2007), in particolare applicata al contesto medico (Heritage e Maynard, 2006). A partire da indicatori empirici discorsivi e multimodali, sono state identificate 8 fasi attraverso le quali, con diverse durate e complessità, si realizza la visita oncologica: Apertura, Anamnesi, Presentazio-ne della malattia, Stadiazione, Indicazione di trattamento, Prescrizioni e Chiusura. L'analisi qualitativa mostra come paziente e accompagnatore si orientino ai passaggi tra fasi distinte, cooperando con il medico ad assolvere la specifica agenda di attività della visita. Sono discusse le implicazioni dello studio per la ricerca e la comprensione delle forme di partecipazione e strategie di empowerment disponibili ai pazienti per fronteggiare la complessità comunicativa dell'incontro con l'oncologo e ridurre possibili stati d'ansia che si associano a questo evento.The first visit in oncology is an institutional event (Drew and Heritage, 1992), highly complex both for the doctor and the patient. The paper presents a study on a corpus of first oncological visits and it examines the distinctive stages of this event. The data corpus is constituted by 36 videorecordings of oncological visits, conducted by two senior oncologists in two different hospitals in Rome. The study is conducted within the Conversation Analytic perspective (Schegloff, 2007), particularly applied to the medical context (Heritage and Maynard, 2006). Relying on discursive and multimodal markers, 8 stages have been identified, of different lenght and degree of complexity, along which the visit unfolds: Opening, History taking, Cancer problem presentation, Stadiation, Treatment recommendation, Prescriptions and Closing. The qualitative analyses show how patients and companions (when present) orient to these boundaries and to relevant transitions between stages, thus cooperating with the doctor in the accomplishment of the specific agenda of the visit. Implications of the study are discussed for the study and understanding of the forms of participation and empowerment strategies available to patients to cope with the communicative complexity of the encounter with the oncologist and with the potential anxiety accompanying this event
Social support for breast cancer patients in the occupied Palestinian territory
Full text linkPrevious research indicates that social support is beneficial to cancer patients in adjusting to the stress of the disease. Drawing on a qualitative content analysis of 36 semi-structured interviews, this article explores sources and types of social support in Arab-Palestinian women with breast cancer. Results show that members of the immediate family, husbands in particular, are reported to be the most supportive social sources. Given the limitations that characterize access to cancer care in the occupied Palestinian territory (OPT) and the collectivistic values of the society, women with breast cancer seem to rely mainly on their husbands to handle emotional, functional and informational needs. Emotional support includes the provision of care, trust, reassurance, and companionship. Functional support includes the practical assistance that the cancer patients receive in terms of financial support, attendance during treatment or help with domestic chores and childcare. Accessing appropriate informational support can be quite challenging in the OPT since available information is not always reliable. The family plays a key role in mediating communication with doctors. Contact with breast cancer patients and survivors is also a source of supporting information, with however a possible negative impact in terms of emotional coping. In this context, the immediate family becomes a fundamental resource for coping and a relational space that mediates connections with others, including doctors, acting as a “proxy” between the patient and the social environment. Findings are discussed in light of the historical and sociocultural context of the OPT
‘We will take care of you’: identity categorisation markers in intercultural medical encounters
No full textEthnomethodology research has systematically investigated discursive practices of categorisation, looking at the various ways by which social actors ascribe both themselves and others to identity categories to accomplish various kinds of social actions. Drawing on a data corpus of oncological visits collected in an Italian hospital, involving both native and non-native patients, the present work analyses how participants in these intercultural medical encounters invoke and make relevant social identity categories by the marking of collective pronouns in their talk. Our results showed that whilst institutional identities (e.g. those of the doctors, the local hospital or the Tumour Board) prevailed, categorial formulations related to cultural or linguistic identities were rarely displayed in interactions with non-native patients. Conversational participants made very little of their linguistical or cultural background and when they did so, their cultural and linguistic identities were deployed for rhetorical and pragmatical aims, such as testing and negotiating common knowledge and epistemic authority. This study shows how even speakers’ minimal lexical choices, such as marked pronouns, impact the negotiation of meanings and activities in life-saving sites such as oncological visits
Presenting treatment options in breast cancer consultations: Advice and consent in Italian medical care
No full textVariety, complexity and uncertainty in the therapy outcomes of cancer illness make the treatment recommendation (TR) in oncology a “monumentally difficult task”. Previous studies have distinguished unilateral and bilateral formats of treatment recommendations, accordingly to whether, or to what extent, the patient's perspective is included in the consideration of therapeutic options. Others have also shown how the oncologists' presentation of therapeutic options varied accordingly to the severity of the diagnosis and the availability of alternatives. Yet, no study has systemically dentified and compared components of treatment recommendation in oncology on a common set of patients and clinicians. This paper analyzes how different options in breast cancer treatments - radiotherapy, hormone therapy and chemotherapy - are presented and discussed in a set of 12 first post-surgical breast cancer visits carried out by two oncologists of high experience and seniority in two Italian hospitals. Treatment recommendation sequences involving these three option types were analyzed using the methods of conversation analysis. They were also coded for the mention of side effects and treatment burden, and for whether consent to the recommendation was invited, or expressed by the patient. Results show that radiotherapy is presented as presupposed as an extension of surgery and is not further discussed, and hormone therapy is delivered as good news and as not implying any health or lifestyle burdens. Treatment burdens were raised in the much more extensive discussions of chemotherapy, which were also accompanied by a higher chance that the patient was asked for consent to therapy. Implications are drawn as regards the extent to which clinical practice meets theory in communication protocols available in oncology, and how to consider the doctor-patient partnership and the concept of shared decision-making in such an encounter
Intercountry adoption migration process: Cultural challenges and resources to promote psychosocial well-being
No full textTransracial adoptees represent a specific group of immigrants, living a unique “quiet migration” process as they enter host culture as individuals rather than as members of a group, and not sharing any physical resemblance with their adoptive parents. There is a growing interest in research focusing on how adoptees face the challenges of identity development, such as the integration and balancing of their ethnic background with adoptive parents’ host culture. Given the prevalence of transracial adoptions in Italy on the one hand, and the paucity of studies focused on these processes on the other, the present contribution is aimed at reviewing the main results of research carried out in Italy. Specifically, the focus is on how transracial adoptees define their national, ethnic, and bicultural identity, highlighting the role of parental cultural socialization and adoptees’ perceived discrimination in shaping their identity development and psychosocial well-being. We conclude with practice implications
Imaginary scenarios as resources to argue for treatment advice in cancer consultations
No full textThis book provides a comprehensive overview of empirical studies based on various approaches devoted to examining the interpersonal argumentative processes involved in different contexts. It also identifies context-dependent similarities and differences in the ways in which argumentative interactions are managed by individuals in a range of educational and professional settings. How can some forms of negotiation, change and debate result from engaging in interpersonal processes during argumentation? How do interpersonal dimensions affect the interdependencies between argumentative exchanges and construction of knowledge and skills? The book clarifies these open questions by providing a discussion of theoretical and empirical issues at the forefront of research, in order to provide a view of how interpersonal argumentation in educational and professional contexts is actually questioned and investigated. It offers readers an opportunity to discover the crucial importance of an in-depth understanding of the role and functions played by the interpersonal dynamics within argumentative interactions occurring in a wide range of educational and professional contexts
- …
