1,720,972 research outputs found
Going New Places: Dispersal and Establishment of the Aurignacian Technocomplex in Europe During the Marine Isotopic Stage 3 (MIS 3)
No full textThe first Anatomically Modern Human (AMH) populations to disperse into and across Europe during the climatically unstable period that is Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS 3) lived through relatively rapid stadial and interstadial oscillations. The Aurignacian technocomplex, including the Protoaurignacian and the Early Aurignacian, is associated with this phenomenon. A primordial step in understanding the relationship between humans and these fluctuations is to establish a chronologically robust set of archaeological data across the European continent which can be confidently associated with climatic conditions. This paper suggests a classification of Aurignacian archaeological layers across Europe into GICC05 cycles based on a critical review of published dates and environmental studies. The resulting classification allows new diachronic observations on population dynamics and demography for the Aurignacian AMH groups in relation to the drastic environmental changes taking place in Europe at this time
The Last of Them: Investigating the Palaeogeography of the Last Neanderthals in Europe (Marine Isotopic Stage 3)
No full textNeanderthal (Homo neanderthalensis) is an endemic species of Eurasia. Appearing in the archaeological record about 350 kilo years Before Present (ky BP), it is associated with the Middle Palaeolithic period and the Mousterian archaeological culture. It occupied a vast territory, extending from Europe to the Middle East and as far East as the Altai region. Although Neanderthals display behavioral and adaptive diversity, the last palaeoanthropological and archaeological evidence of their presence in Western Europe dates to 40 ky BP. Their gradual decline and eventual disappearance took place during a period of great climatic instability, namely Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS 3; 60 to 27 ky BP), which also saw the arrival of the first anatomically modern humans (Homo sapiens) in Europe. It therefore appears necessary to investigate the impact of these factors in order to understand Neanderthal extinction. One of the main challenges is to correlate known archaeological data (chronological and spatial) with high resolution palaeoenvironmental data. Here, we present a methodology that assigns archaeological layers to a cold (stadial) or warm (interstadial) phase of MIS 3. This approach allows us to approach the palaeogeography of the last Neanderthals from a new perspective and provides a novel basis for modelling the influence of the abrupt climatic changes of this period on the resilience of this population
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Albouy, Benjamin, Morillon and Zatorre, Science, 2020
No full textDoes brain asymmetry for speech and music emerge from acoustical cues or from domain-specific neural networks? We selectively filtered temporal or spectral modulations in sung speech stimuli whose verbal and melodic content was crossed and balanced. Perception of speech decreased only with degradation of temporal information, whereas perception of melodies decreased only with spectral degradation. fMRI data showed that the neural decoding of speech and melodies depends on activity patterns in left and right auditory regions, respectively. This asymmetry is supported by specific sensitivity to spectrotemporal modulation rates within each region. Finally, the effects of degradation on perception were paralleled by their effects on neural classification. Our results suggest a match between acoustical properties of communicative signals and neural specializations adapted to that purpose
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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