1,720,983 research outputs found
Eventi stressanti recenti
No full textUn evento di vita è un accadimento importante e/o insolito che si verifica nella vita di una persona. Con questo termine ci si riferisce ad avvenimenti nella sfera personale e/o sociale che sono “esterni” e “verificabili”, piuttosto che “interni” e “psicologici”, e inducono nell’individuo la messa in atto di risposte personali, regolate sulla base dell’influenza dell’evento stesso. L’impatto è determinato da un insieme di fattori connessi alla natura oggettiva dell’evento e alla valutazione cognitiva da parte della persona, con conseguenti “coloriture emozionali” e risposte comportamentali associate (Biondi e Pancheri, 1993). Indipendentemente dalla sua natura (desiderabile o indesiderabile), un evento di vita si definisce stressante se produce un cambiamento e richiede un riadattamento della quotidianità individuale (Kobasa, 1979).
In questo capitolo si farà riferimento ad eventi di vita recenti per indicare situazioni significative accadute nel passato recente di una persona (recent life events) e distinguibili da eventi più remoti e precoci (early life events). Da questa disamina saranno esclusi tutti gli studi (e gli strumenti di valutazione) che si riferiscono agli stress quotidiani minori (daily hassles), fonti di un disagio più nascosto, ma altrettanto importante
Positive Narrative Therapy for an Unspecified Eating Disorder: A Child Case Report
No full textA new sequential multicomponent treatment (cognitive behavioral therapy followed by well-being-enhancing narrative strategies) was applied for an unspecified eating disorder in a 10-year-old boy for reducing symptoms and improving well-being. Both distress and well-being were assessed with self and observer ratings at baseline, posttreatment, and 3-, 6-, 12-month follow-up. An ABA design was used and reliable change indexes were calculated as outcome measures. This new sequential psychotherapeutic approach, which integrated standard cognitive behavioral therapy with narrative strategies addressed at promoting well-being in a child patient diagnosed with an unspecified eating disorder, was able to reduce symptoms and to foster his resources and positive behaviors. The patient himself, his parents, and teachers confirmed these improvements. This case report shows the clinical usefulness of a new sequential psychotherapeutic approach for treating an unspecified eating disorder in a child. It provides psychotherapists with relevant clinical implications concerning the emotional and interpersonal dimensions involved in this disabling condition
Once upon a time: A school positive narrative intervention for promoting well-being and creativity in elementary school children
Full text linkRecent research highlighted the importance of incorporating programs for promoting well-being and creativity in schools. However, eudaimonic well-being received only limited attention and only few interventions aimed at its promotion in the school setting. This research aimed to compare the efficacy of an intervention based on storytelling and narrative techniques versus a control condition for the promotion of well-being and creativity in elementary schoolchildren. A total of 165 students (78 girls, 87 boys; Mage = 9.3 years; SD = 0.5) were randomized to a School Positive Narrative Intervention or to a controlled condition. Children were assessed before and after intervention and at 3-month follow-up with self-reports of well-being, anxiety, depression and somatization. A storytelling task was implemented, and specific creativity storytelling scores were calculated for the stories produced by children during the intervention. At post intervention, children assigned to the narrative intervention reported increased levels of well-being and decreased depression, anxiety, and somatization, compared to controls. These improvements were maintained at 3-month follow-up. Higher scores on creativity emerged in stories focused on fear, sadness, and happiness. The use of narrative strategies help children to identify their personal resources, to express creativity, and to assimilate the concept of eudaimonic well-being that could be difficult to process because of its abstractness and multidimensional nature. This brief intervention fostered children creativity and it produced beneficial effects on children's well-being and distress
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Gender Differences in Psychological Well-Being and Distress During Adolescence
No full textDifferences between boys and girls have been found in terms of psychological well-being and distress. Girls report lower level of psychological well-being and higher psychological distress
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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