1,720,983 research outputs found
Life cycle assessment of a high temperature molten salt concentrated solar power plant
No full textThe well-known world energetic matter, mainly due to the worldwide growing energy consumption gone with a reduction of oil and gas availability, and to the environmental effects of the indiscriminate use of fossil fuels in our economy, is leading to the development of clean innovative technologies for the reduction of GHG emissions and the creation of a more sustainable economic structure worldwide. But, realizing and installing renewable energy plants have an envionmental "footprint" that has to be evaluated to quantify the real impact of renewable technologies on the environment. Nowadays, the most important tool to evaluate this impact of a product is the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). To this aim, several impact categories are defined; among these the most important are the Gloal Warming, the Abiotic Depletion, the Eutrophication, the Acidification, the Land Use and the Human toxicity. The aim of this work is to present a Life Cycle Assessment of an innovative solar technology the Molten Salt Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) plant, developed by Italian Research Centre ENEA and able to produce clean electricity by using solar energy. The Life Cycle Assessment was carried out by means of SimaPro7 Software, one of the most used LCA software in the world. It is worth assess that these types of software are an indispensible tools for leading LCA studies. In the second part of the study the environmental performance of the CSP plant was compared with these of conventional oil and gas power plants
Bunsen reaction and hydriodic phase purification in the sulfur-iodine process: An experimental investigation
No full textThis paper reports an investigation on the Bunsen reaction. An experimental campaign was conducted by means of a stirred reactor. Runs were carried out at a constant temperature in the 30-120 degrees C range, following a semi-batch procedure by feeding gaseous sulfur dioxide in an iodine/hydriodic acid/water solution. A specific analytical procedure to measure the hydriodic phase composition was implemented. It was observed that both the amount of absorbed SO(2) and its conversion lowered as the temperature increased. Secondary reactions were beyond the detection limit in the reactor, even at low temperature and low iodine content. The purification of the produced hydriodic phase was also investigated. It was possible to satisfactorily reduce the impurities content without the occurrence of secondary reactions only when high temperature and high iodine content were applied. (C) 2010 Professor T. Nejat Veziroglu. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Concentrated solar heat for the decarbonization of industrial chemical processes: a case study on crude oil distillation
Full text linkA novel strategy for the decarbonization of crude oil distillation was proposed considering two distillation columns
located in Sicily that were simulated by adapting the equipment datasheet of the refinery Raffineria di
Milazzo (RAM). The proposed approach consists of the integration of the topping section with a concentrating
solar power (CSP) plant to decrease the carbon dioxide emissions and the consumed fossil fuels in the furnaces of
the distillation columns. Three hypothetical scenarios of applicative interest were considered. In that most
economically sustainable, the use of solar heat allowed a decrease of CO2 emissions of 54.2 kt/year corresponding
to a reduction of about 11% of the greenhouse gas emissions joined with the saving of 19.9 kt/year of
methane with a rate of return of investment (ROROI) of 16.2%. As a comparison, if the land surface occupied by
the CSP plant is used for photovoltaic production of green hydrogen considering an energy consumption of the
electrolyzer of 4.70 kWh/Nm3
, just 24.6 and 9.0 kt/year of CO2 and methane respectively can be saved and the
ROROI decreases to 8.5%.
This study indicates that solar heat can be effectively and economically integrated in crude oil distillation to
achieve a significant decarbonization of refineries
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