1,721,153 research outputs found
Discrimination in Latin America AN ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE
No full textThe chapters presented in this volume
adopt a variety of these methodological tools in order to
explore the extent to which discrimination against women and
demographic minorities is pervasive in Latin America. In
chapter two, Castillo, Petrie, and Torero present a series
of experiments to understand the nature of discrimination in
urban Lima, Peru. They design and apply experiments that
exploit degrees of information on performance as a way to
assess how personal characteristics affect how people sort
into groups. Along similar lines, in chapter three, Cardenas
and his research team use an experimental field approach in
Colombia to better understand pro-social preferences and
behavior of both individuals involved in the provision of
social services (public servants) and potential
beneficiaries of those services (the poor). In chapter four,
Elias, Elias, and Ronconi try to understand social status
and race during adolescence in Argentina. They asked high
school students to select and rank ten classmates with whom
they would like to form a team and use this information to
construct a measure of popularity. In chapters five and six,
Bravo, Sanhueza, and Urzua present two studies covering
different aspects of the labor market using different
methodological tools. Based on an audit study by mail, their
first study attempts to detect gender, social class, and
neighborhood of residence discrimination in hiring practices
by Chilean fir. In a second study, they use a structural
model to analyze gender differences in the Chilean labor
market. In chapter seven, Soruco, Piani, and Rossi measure
and analyze possible discriminatory behaviors against
international emigrants and their families remaining in
southern Ecuador (the city of Cuenca and the rural canton of
San Fernando). Finally, in chapter eight, Gandelman,
Gandelman, and Rothschild use micro data on judicial
proceedings in Uruguay and present evidence that female
defendants receive a more favorable treatment in courts than
male defendants.La discriminación es un proceso que puede ocurrir en distintas circunstancias o mercados y basarse en diferentes características tales como la raza, el grupo étnico o el género. Los capítulos del presente libro presentan una variedad de intentos por detectar y medir la discriminación contra la mujer y las minorías demográficas en América Latina e identificar algunos de los mecanismos a través de los cuales ésta tiene lugar. Se adoptan una variedad de herramientas metodológicas para explorar el grado de penetración de la discriminación como el análisis de regresión, las pruebas de mercado, los experimentos, los estudios de auditoría y los métodos estructurales. El conjunto de evidencia aquí presentado es diverso. Si bien muchos resultados parecen estar de acuerdo con las creencias y percepciones populares del latinoamericano promedio, otros cuestionan estas opiniones y sugieren diferentes vías a través de las cuales puede ocurrir la discriminación. El grado al cual alguna de esta evidencia construida científicamente cuestiona las percepciones populares, crea una oportunidad ad para una discusión fructífera sobre la discriminación y sus mecanismos en América Latina
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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