1,720,988 research outputs found
Galactic structure and white dwarf populations
No full textWe developed a code for galactic star-counts making use of suitable assumptions on the evolutionary status, initial mass function (IMF) and star formation history of the various Galactic populations. Predicted results are obtained by randomly generating star masses according to the adopted IMF and by using stellar models (evolutionary tracks up to the white dwarf phase) to derive luminosities in the selected bands for each given value of the stellar mass and age. Star counts from solar neighborhood are used to give constraints on star formation rate and IMF
STELLAR LIFETIME AND ULTRAVIOLET PROPERTIES OF THE OLD METAL-RICH GALACTIC OPEN CLUSTER NGC 6791: A PATHWAY TO UNDERSTAND THE ULTRAVIOLET UPTURN OF ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES
Full text linkThe evolutionary properties of the old metal-rich Galactic open cluster NGC 6791 are assessed based on deep UB photometry and Two Micron All Sky Survey JK data. For the 4739 stars in the cluster, bolometric luminosity and effective temperature have been derived from theoretical (U - B) and (J - K) color fitting. The derived H-R diagram has been matched with the UVBLUE grid of synthetic stellar spectra to obtain the integrated spectral energy distribution (SED) of the system, together with a full set of UV (Fanelli) and optical (Lick) narrowband indices. The total bolometric magnitude of NGC 6791 is M bol 6791 = -6.29, with a color (B - V)6791 = 0.97. The cluster appears to be a fairly good proxy of standard elliptical galaxies, although with significantly bluer infrared colors, a shallower 4000 Å Balmer break, and a lower Mg2 index. The confirmed presence of a dozen hot stars along their extreme horizontal-branch evolution leads the cluster SED to consistently match the properties of the most active UV-upturn galaxies, with 1.7% ± 0.4% of the total bolometric luminosity emitted shortward of 2500 Å. The cluster helium abundance results in Y 6791 = 0.30 ± 0.04, while the post-main-sequence (PMS) implied stellar lifetime from star number counts fairly agrees with the theoretical expectations from both the PADOVA and BASTI stellar tracks. A PMS fuel consumption of 0.43 ± 0.01 M ⊙ is found for NGC 6791 stars, in close agreement with the estimated mass of cluster He-rich white dwarfs. Such a tight figure may lead one to suspect that a fraction of the cluster stellar population does not actually reach the minimum mass required to effectively ignite He in the stellar core
White dwarf cosmochronology and M4
No full textWe discuss the accuracy of the present theoretical models of white dwarfs (WDs). We find that for ages higher than about 6-7 Gyr, the uncertainty in the predicted cooling times is of the order of 25%. The bulk of this uncertainty is due to the chemical profile in the Carbon/Oxygen core and the treatment of the conductive opacity. As a first application of our WD models, we chose the globular cluster M4, for which very deep HST images are available. Notwithstanding the very high quality, the quoted data do not reach the peak of the WD luminosity function, thence allowing one to set a lower limit to the age of M4 of ̃9 Gyr. No reliable upper limit can however be set. In order to achieve this goal one needs observations several magnitudes deeper than the limit obtained so far
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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