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A matter of difference: Karen Barad, ontology and archaeological bodies
No full textThis article explores the implications of adopting Karen Barad's agential realist approach in archaeology. We argue that the location of Barad's work in quantum physics and feminism means it is uniquely placed to inform the ontological turn currently gaining favour for understanding the materiality of bodies. We outline Barad's approach using a comparative reading of Sofaer's book The Body as Material Culture and Barad's Meeting the Universe Halfway. To illustrate, we think through Barad's key concepts of ‘phenomenon’, ‘intra-action’ and ‘apparatus’ in relation to specific archaeological bodies; New Zealand Maori chevron amulets, Argentinean La Candelaria body-pots, Pacific Northwest Coast stone artefacts and Nuu-chah-nulth ceremonial objects. Barad's theory transforms the way we understand and think these object bodies. In particular, her relational ontology, which contrasts with a conventional binary separation of matter and meaning, produces difference in a new way; a difference which facilitates analyses conceptually unthinkable in conventional representationalist terms
Animating archaeology: local theories and conceptually open-ended methodologies
Get PDFAnimists’ theories of matter must be given equivalence at the level of theory if we are to understand adequately the nature of ontological difference in the past. The current model is of a natural ontological continuum that connects all cultures, grounding our culturally relativist worldviews in a common world. Indigenous peoples’ worlds are thought of as fascinating but ultimately mistaken ways of knowing the world. We demonstrate how ontologically oriented theorists Eduardo Viveiros de Castro, Karen Barad and Tim Ingold in conjuncture with an anti-representationalist methodology can provide the necessary conditions for alternative ontologies to emerge in archaeology. Anthropo-zoomorphic ‘body-pots’ from first-millennium ad northwest Argentina anticipate the possibility that matter was conceptualized as chronically unstable, inherently undifferentiated, and ultimately practice dependent
Towards a situated ontology of bodies and landscapes in the archaeology of the southern Andes (first millennium AD northwest Argentina)
Get PDFFil: Alberti, Benjamin. Framingham State University; United States of America.Fil: Laguens, Andrés Gustavo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Departamento de Antropología; Argentina.Fil: Laguens, Andrés Gustavo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba; Argentina.Archaeological reconstructions of past relational and animated worlds have built on Andean concepts such as Apu, wa'ka, and Pacha, as well as Indigenous Amazonian theories. In our case, we work with Amazonian perspectivism as a broad-based Amerindian ontology to analyze landscape and bodies in the of the case of the archaeological culture 'La Candelaria' from Andean northwest Argentina. Perspectivism provides us with a radically different ontological premise for the world: things do not need to be animated, neither are they perceived as animated; they simply are, fundamentally, animated. Starting from that premise, we understand 'dwelling' -the relationship between landscape and beings- as a profoundly relational activity where human and non-human bodies participate actively. Recognizing the theoretical mutuality of the concepts of body and landscape in archaeology, we explore what happens to the 'landscape' when we start from an alternative ontology of bodies. To that end, we explore how La Candelaria peoples appear to have existed in two quite different environments (yungas and semiarid valleys) in the first millennium CE. By way of explanation, we argue that people did not 'perceive' or 'experience' a 'landscape' as such; rather people experienced ?social? relationships with other beings that inhabited and, indeed, constituted the world.publishedVersionFil: Alberti, Benjamin. Framingham State University; United States of America.Fil: Laguens, Andrés Gustavo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Departamento de Antropología; Argentina.Fil: Laguens, Andrés Gustavo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba; Argentina.Arqueologí
Towards a situated ontology of bodies and landscapes in the archaeology of the southern Andes (first millennium AD northwest Argentina)
No full textArchaeological reconstructions of past relational and animated worlds have built on Andean concepts such as Apu, wa’ka, and Pacha, as well as Indigenous Amazonian theories. In our case, we work with Amazonian perspectivism as a broad-based Amerindian ontology to analyze landscape and bodies in the of the case of the archaeological culture “La Candelaria” from Andean northwest Argentina. Perspectivism provides us with a radically different ontological premise for the world:
things do not need to be animated, neither are they perceived as animated; they simply are, fundamentally, animated. Starting from that premise, we understand ‘dwelling’ -- the relationship between landscape and beings -- as a profoundly relational activity where human and non-human bodies participate actively. Recognizing the theoretical mutuality of the concepts of body and landscape in archaeology, we explore what happens to the “landscape” when we start from an
alternative ontology of bodies. To that end, we explore how La Candelaria peoples appear to have existed in two quite different environments (yungas and semiarid valleys) in the first millennium CE. By way of explanation, we argue that people did not “perceive” or “experience” a “landscape” as such; rather people experienced “social” relationships with other beings that inhabited and, indeed, constituted the world.Fil: Alberti, Benjamin. Framingham State University; Estados UnidosFil: Laguens, Andres Gustavo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba; Argentin
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Archaeology of the body in the modern world
Get PDFCon el propósito de responder qué puede aportar una arqueología del cuerpo en la modernidad, necesitamos efectuar un breve recorrido por la historia de la arqueología del cuerpo como campo de estudio. Esta historia puede explicar, al menos, dos rasgos particulares sobre el estudio de los cuerpos modernos en arqueología: su relativa ausencia, y la relación entre teoría del cuerpo y modernidad. La propia noción de mundo moderno puede producir una confusión entre modelo y realidad. De este modo, la imagen que tenemos del cuerpo moderno puede sugerir una falsa homogeneidad de los cuerpos en la modernidad. Tal como señalamos posteriormente, las motivaciones para el desarrollo de una arqueología del cuerpo fueron modernas, incluyendo el impacto del feminismo, los estudios sobre la sexualidad, la teoría queer, los abordajes bioarqueológicos, la demografía, entre otros. No obstante, las mismas críticas que produjeron aproximaciones novedosas y enriquecedoras sobre el pasado distante no tuvieron el mismo impacto sobre el estudio de los cuerpos modernos. La mayor parte de los trabajos sobre el cuerpo en arqueología, así como el ímpetu original del enfoque, centraron su atención en la prehistoria y la antigüedad. Mientras tanto, en el contexto de la arqueología del mundo moderno, el cuerpo implicó una presencia frecuentemente ausente. Sin lugar a dudas, esto resulta especialmente claro cuando se compara la atención que la arqueología histórica (sensu Orser, 1996) ha prestado a otros temas de investigación.Fil: Salerno, Melisa Anabella. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Historia y Ciencias Humanas; ArgentinaFil: Alberti, Benjamin. Framingham State University; Estados Unido
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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