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    Magnetostatic field computations in terms of two‐component vector potentials

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    In this paper the magnetostatic problem is stated in terms of two‐component electric and magnetic vector potentials. An associated numerical method, based on the adoption of edge elements, is proposed. This procedure overcomes the cancellation problems and the complexity of the interface conditions encountered by similar approaches in the presence of magnetic inhomogeneities and discontinuities of currents and magnetic fields. Copyright © 1990 John Wiley & Sons, Lt

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    The DTT proposal. A tokamak facility to address exhaust challenges for DEMO: Introduction and executive summary

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    As indicated in the European Fusion Roadmap, the main objective of the Divertor Tokamak Test facility (DTT) is to explore alternative power exhaust solutions for DEMO so as to mitigate the risk that the conventional divertor based on detached conditions to be tested on the ITER device cannot be extrapolated to a fusion reactor. The issues to be investigated by DTT include:. •demonstrate a heat exhaust system capable of withstanding the large load of DEMO in case of inadequate radiated power fraction;•close the gaps in the exhaust area that cannot be addressed by present devices;•demonstrate that the possible (alternative or complementary) solutions (e.g., advanced divertor configurations or liquid metals) can be integrated in a DEMO device. In this paper, we describe a proposal for such a DTT, presented by ENEA in collaboration with a European team of scientists. The selection of the DTT parameters (a major radius of 2.15. m, an aspect ratio of about 3, an elongation of 1.6-1.8, a toroidal field of 6. T, and a flat top of about 100. s) has been made according to the following specifications:. •edge conditions as close as possible to DEMO in terms of dimensionless parameters;•flexibility to test a wide set of divertor concepts and techniques;•compatibility with bulk plasma performance.•an upper bound of 500M€ for the investment costs. This paper illustrates this DTT proposal showing how the basic machine parameters and concept have been selected so as to make a significant step toward the accomplishment of the power exhaust mission
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