1,720,963 research outputs found
The consequences of the Trade and Cooperation Agreement for the UK's international trade
Full text linkWe analyse the likely trade effects of the Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA), which defnes the post-Brexit trading environment between the United Kingdom (UK) and the European Union (EU). We apply a computable general equilibrium model and focus on trade in value added rather than just the gross values of exports and imports. We describe the TCA and estimate its effects on the costs of conducting UK-EU trade, including various non-tariff barriers in both goods and services. We suggest that the TCA will reduce UK trade signifcantly: total exports by around 7 per cent and imports by around 14 per cent. In terms of value added (i.e. incomes generated), textiles and vehicles, both of which trade extensively with the EU, suffer heavily, as do services which trade signifcantly with the EU, face large increases in trade barriers, and experience declining demand from other sectors as those sectors' exports fall. Such inter-industry linkages spread the losses from Brexit widely through the economy
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Brexit and global value chains: ‘No-deal’ is still costly
No full textThe production of exports depends on value chains – between firms in one country and, through global
value chains (GVCs), across international borders. Thus exports from one UK sector depend on value
added from (and hence generate incomes in) other UK sectors and other countries.
• Trade policies and the costs of doing trade apply to the gross value of a trade flow (e.g. a tariff is levied
on the whole value of an imported car). But focusing on gross value – e.g. the decline in exports of cars
as the cost of exporting to the EU rises - may be misleading because it misses the effects on the sectors
and other countries that supply inputs into UK cars.
• Even after the immediate logistical disruptions have been smoothed out, a ‘No deal’ Brexit will cut trade
with the EU, and although trade with other countries, e.g. China, will increase, it will not do so by enough
to make up the loss. Moreover, ‘No deal’ will seriously disrupt global value chains and significantly
reduce the UK’s benefits from ‘Factory Europe’.
• We study the effects of the barriers to trade in goods that a ‘No deal’ Brexit implies. We estimate that
they will cut UK exports of goods by about 18%; nearly one-fifth of that loss of sales will show up as a
loss of income in UK service sectors.
• The overall loss of UK value added (i.e. income) from the goods trade barriers in ‘No deal’ will be about
4% of GDP. The largest proportionate declines will be in textiles and motor vehicles.
• We have not quantified the barriers to services trade under ‘No deal’, but those on goods trade alone
are enough to lead the UK service sector to contract by 4% because they cut UK incomes in general and
reduce the demand for services as inputs into export sectors.
• By raising barriers to trade with the EU, a ‘No deal’ Brexit will worsen the UK’s terms of trade – imports
will cost more and exports fetch less. This will directly reduce economic welfare in the U
The costs of Brexit
No full textEven with the free trade agreement (FTA) announced on Christmas Eve, Brexit increases UK-EU trade costs, reduces trade between them, and requires resources for form-filling, queuing, etc. These in turn, lead to changes in consumption which reduce UK residents’ welfare.
Exports of value added will fall by nearly 5.5% relative to a pre-Brexit scenario and GDP by 4.4%. If there had been no FTA, each of these harms would have been about one-third larger and the variability of the losses across sectors would have been larger.
The biggest losses in UK exports to the EU are predicted to be in motor vehicles, chemicals, and food. These large declines in gross exports of goods reduce the indirect exports of their suppliers of services very significantly.
Brexit will have a major impact in terms of reducing global value chains. The competitiveness of UK inputs into EU exports will induce declines in UK multilateral value added exports (UK value embodied in other countries’ exports).
The impact of Brexit is due to the loss of the cost-reducing effects of the European Single Market. A shallow FTA such as that just announced can to little to address those
Vulnerability from trade in Vietnam
No full textThis paper assesses vulnerability from trade in Vietnam by presenting an extended version of Ligon and Schechter’s (2003) Vulnerability as low Expected Utility (VEU) measure. It uses the VHLSS panel data covering the period 2002-06. The empirical results show that risk-induced vulnerability and heterogeneity in trade exposure matters in determining household overall vulnerability and that this is not linked to the actual manifestation of shocks. Although it does not represent, by any means, an argument against free trade, this work is relevant for policymaking since it contributes to deepen our knowledge on the subtle links between trade openness and vulnerability providing some insight on the stabilisation needs of trade reforms. These include protecting vulnerable farmers from excessive price volatility, as well as fostering their risk management strategies
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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