1,720,962 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Prognostic and predictive significance of the cancer stem cell markers in lung and breast cancers
No full textLung and breast cancers are the leading causes of cancer related mortalities in Australia and worldwide, resulting in around 35% of cancer deaths. Significantly, high proportion of patients treated with curative intent, relapse and eventually die of their cancer. The ability of cancers to recur despite definite local or systemic therapies suggest that minimal residual disease contains a population of cells with stem cell-like properties. Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) are believed to be phenotypically distinct population of cells that posses enormous capacity of self-renewal and regeneration. Initially reported in haematological malignancies, and subsequently in several solid tumours, CSCs are potential therapeutic targets and several strategies are already in development. The current gold standard assay to study the tumorigenic potential of CSCs is their potential to grow in vivo as serially transplanted tumours in immunodeficient hosts, but the evidence in the clinical settings is limited. Several reports have shown that surface markers CD133, CD44 and cytosolic enzyme ALDH accurately identify cancer stem cell- like cells in human lung cancer, while ALDH and CD44+/CD24- phenotypes are more specific for breast cancer stem cells. If the cancer stem cell hypothesis is true, then the existence of marker positive cancer cells in tumour specimens should be associated with tumour recurrence, treatment resistance and poor survival. Conversely, therapeutic strategies targeted against these markers could potentially result in eradication these stem-like population and hence improvement in clinical outcome. The aim of the first study was to investigate the prognostic significance of putative CSC markers (CD133 and ALDH1A1) in patients with resected stage 1 NSCLC. The hypothesis was that the tumours with positive expression of putative CSC markers should be associated with tumour recurrence and poor survival after curative resection. Archived tumour specimens for selected patients were retrieved. Tumour specimens of 205 eligible patients were stained for CD133 and ALDH1A1 using immunohistochemistry with well-characterised primary antibodies. Expression was scored quantitatively in a blinded fashion and correlation of marker expression and clinical outcomes was performed using standard statistical tests. Subjects with CD133 and ALDH1A1 positive tumours had higher relapse rates and poor survival. The aim of the second study was to investigate the predictive role of ALDH1 in locally advanced breast cancer, treated with neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. The hypothesis was that tumour with high expression of ALDH1 should show poor pathological response to the chemotherapy. Tumour samples form 119 patients were serially obtained before, during and at the end of chemotherapy and immunohistochemically stained for ALDH1. Patients with ALDH1 positive tumours at baseline had poor response the chemotherapy and ALDH1 positive residual tumours at the end of chemotherapy, strongly predicted poor clinical outcome. The aim of the third study was to obtain clinical evidence to targeting CD44 expressing cancer stem-like cells in small cell lung cancer by using hyaluronic acid (HA) as an excipient. Results from 37 patients, suggest that the HA-irinotecan is safe in patients with small cell lung cancer and CD44v6 may be a novel therapeutic target
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Exploring the differences in chemistry achievements of secondary school students across school system and gender in Quetta, Pakistan
No full textThis study aimed to explore academic achievements of secondary school students in Chemistry across schools systems and gender. A newly developed and validated instrument - Chemistry Achievement Test (CAT)-was used for collection of the data. CAT comprised 35 items (25 multiple response questions and 10 constructed response questions). CAT encompassed four content domains of Chemistry; fundamental chemistry, physical state and particulate structure of matter, periodic table and periodicity of elements, and acids, bases & solutions, extracted from National curriculum for secondary classes. Furthermore, items were categorized on three cognitive domains; knowledge, application, and reasoning. CAT was administered to 374 grade 10 students who were randomly selected from public (n=6) and private (n=6) schools of Quetta, Pakistan. A total of 190 (50.8%) boys and 184 (49.2%) girls participated in the research study. Results demonstrated that the students scored only 30% of the total score exhibiting a weak conceptual understanding in the selected concepts of chemistry. Comparison across school systems favored private school students (p\u3c0.01). Of the four content domains students from private schools have performed significantly better than students from public schools in physical state and particulate structure of matter (p\u3c0.001). Of the three cognitive domains students from private schools performed significantly better than students from public schools in reasoning (p\u3c0.01). Furthermore, gender comparison depicted that girls outperformed their boys counterparts (p\u3c0.001). Of the four content domains girls performed significantly better (p\u3c0.001 for all three) than boys in three content domains except periodic table and periodicity of elements. Of the three cognitive domains the girls performed significantly better than the boys (p\u3c0.001 for all three). Using CAT students\u27 conceptual understanding can be explored as well as their corresponding teachers which might lead to enable researchers to find out the impact of teachers\u27 conceptual understanding in students achievement in Chemistry. The study also generates opportunities for further research in the area of students’ learning outcomes in secondary schools
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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