1,721,098 research outputs found
Examining public views on decentralised health data sharing
No full textIn recent years, researchers have begun to explore the use of Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLT), also known as blockchain, in health data sharing contexts. However, there is a significant lack of research that examines public attitudes towards the use of this technology. In this paper, we begin to address this issue and present results from a series of focus groups which explored public views and concerns about engaging with new models of personal health data sharing in the UK. We found that participants were broadly in favour of a shift towards new decentralised models of data sharing. Retaining ‘proof’ of health information stored about patients and the capacity to provide permanent audit trails, enabled by immutable and transparent properties of DLT, were regarded as particularly valuable for our participants and prospective data custodians. Participants also identified other potential benefits such as supporting people to become more health data literate and enabling patients to make informed decisions about how their data was shared and with whom. However, participants also voiced concerns about the potential to further exacerbate existing health and digital inequalities. Participants were also apprehensive about the removal of intermediaries in the design of personal health informatics systems
A robust algorithm for authenticated health data access via blockchain and cloud computing
Full text linkIn modern healthcare, providers increasingly use cloud services to store and share electronic medical records. However, traditional cloud hosting, which depends on intermediaries, poses risks to privacy and security, including inadequate control over access, data auditing, and tracking data origins. Additionally, current schemes face significant limitations such as scalability concerns, high computational overhead, practical implementation challenges, and issues with interoperability and data standardization. Unauthorized data access by cloud providers further exacerbates these concerns. Blockchain technology, known for its secure and decentralized nature, offers a solution by enabling secure data auditing in sharing systems. This research integrates blockchain into healthcare for efficient record management. We proposed a blockchain-based method for secure EHR management and integrated Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption (CP-ABE) for fine-grained access control. The proposed algorithm combines blockchain and smart contracts with a cloud-based healthcare Service Management System (SMS) to ensure secure and accessible EHRs. Smart contracts automate key management, encryption, and decryption processes, enhancing data security and integrity. The blockchain ledger authenticates data transactions, while the cloud provides scalability. The SMS manages access requests, enhancing resource allocation and response times. A dual authentication system confirms patient keys before granting data access, with failed attempts leading to access revocation and incident logging. Our analyses show that this algorithm significantly improves the security and efficiency of health data exchanges. By combining blockchain’s decentralized structure with the cloud’s scalability, this approach significantly improves EHR security protocols in modern healthcare setting
Testing theories of large scale structure formation and growth using galaxy surveys
Full text linkThe distribution of galaxies in the Universe is not random: rather, galaxies cluster
in a structured way. The formation and growth of these large-scale structures
(LSS) provides powerful dynamical probes for cosmology. This thesis explores
two of these probes, namely redshift-space distortion (RSD) and the imprints of
LSS on the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). Using galaxy surveys, I test
the theory of structure growth in the context of the ΛCDM cosmological model.
RSD probes the velocity field of LSS, which is influenced by the growth of matter
fluctuations. I use the galaxy and group catalogues in GAMA survey to test
the robustness of RSD in recovering unbiased growth rate fσ8 with different
tracers. Specifically, galaxies are split into red and blue subsamples, and groups
are divided into three stellar mass bins. The 2D group-galaxy cross-correlation
function between these subsamples are interpreted by a linear model and a small-scale Finger of God convolution. Given an appropriate minimum fitting scale, I show that the subsamples give consistent growth rate, fσ8 = 0.25 ± 0.15, also in
agreement with the Planck 2018 results.
The imprints of LSS on the CMB correspond to the effects of weak gravitational
lensing and the Integrated Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) effect. I measure these effects using
the public DESI Legacy Survey, exploiting its large sky coverage and substantial
depth for tomographic studies. After careful selection of galaxies and correction
for various systematic effects, I assign photometric redshifts to galaxies based on
g − r, r − z, and z − W1 colours, and construct four tomographic redshift bins
in 0 < z < 0.8. The photo-z errors are accounted for using the galaxy auto- and
cross-correlations between these redshift bins.
Having a clean galaxy sample, I measure the cross-correlation C` between the
galaxy density fields and the Planck CMB temperature and lensing convergence
maps. The amplitudes of these measurements relative to the ΛCDM prediction
using the fiducial Planck 2018 best-fit cosmology are Aκ = 0.901 ± 0.026 and
AISW = 0.98 ± 0.35. While the ISW result is consistent with the fiducial
cosmology, the CMB lensing result is noticeably lower. This low amplitude is
interpreted in terms of a lower Ωm in combination with the total CMB lensing
constraints.
Finally, to address the excess stacked ISW signal from supervoids claimed in
literature, I construct a superstructure catalogue using the four tomographic bins
in the DESI Legacy Survey, and measure their stacked CMB lensing and ISW
signals. The results are compared to the ΛCDM prediction from a mock catalogue
that is based on N-body simulations and carefully matched to the data. I find a
similar discrepancy in the lensing amplitude as in the cross-correlation scenario.
Here, it is mainly contributed by density peaks at the higher redshift end. I
also show that the detection of ISW signal from superstructure stacking is only
mild, but is consistent with the ΛCDM prediction with a 95% upper limit of
AISW = 1.51 using the full sample. Testing a range of superstructure subsamples,
I demonstrate that the claimed excess signal may be due to look-elsewhere effec
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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