5 research outputs found
Spektrum graf subgrup dan komplemennya dari grup dihedral
No full textINDONESIA:
Misalkan G subgrup dan H subgrup normal dari G. Graf subgrup Γ_H (G) adalah graf dengan himpunan titik semua unsur di G dan dua titik berbeda x dan y terhubung langsung jika dan hanya jika xy∈H. Pada penelitian ini ditentukan spektrum adjacency titik, Laplace, signless Laplace dan detour graf subgrup 〈r^2,s〉 dan komplemennya di grup dihedral D_2n. Hasil penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut:
1. Pada graf subgrup hanya didapatkan spektrum adjacency titik, Laplace dan signless Laplace. Spektrum detour tidak dapat ditentukan karena graf yang diperoleh adalah graf tidak terhubung.
a. Spektrum adjacency titik A(Γ_H (D_2n )) dengan H=〈r^2,s〉 untuk n genap dan n≥4 adalah
〖spec〗_A(Γ_H (D_2n )) =[...]
b. Spektrum Laplace L(Γ_H (D_2n )) dengan H=〈r^2,s〉 untuk n genap dan n≥4 adalah
〖spec〗_L(Γ_H (D_2n )) =[...]
c. Spektrum signless Laplace L^+ (Γ_H (D_2n )) dengan H=〈r^2,s〉 untuk n genap dan n≥4 adalah
〖spec〗_(L^+ (Γ_H (D_2n )) )=[...]
2. Pada komplemen graf subgrup didapatkan spektrum adjacency titik, Laplace, signless Laplace dan detour karena graf yang diperoleh adalah graf terhubung.
a. Spektrum adjacency titik A((Γ_H (D_2n ) ) ̅ ) dengan H=〈r^2,s〉 untuk n genap dan n≥4 adalah
〖spec〗_A((Γ_H (D_2n ) ) ̅ ) =[...]
b. Spektrum Laplace L((Γ_H (D_2n ) ) ̅ ) dengan H=〈r^2,s〉 untuk n genap dan n≥4 adalah
〖spec〗_L((Γ_H (D_2n ) ) ̅ ) =[...]
c. Spektrum signless Laplace L^+ ((Γ_H (D_2n ) ) ̅ ) dengan H=〈r^2,s〉 untuk n genap dan n≥4 adalah
〖spec〗_(L^+ ((Γ_H (D_2n ) ) ̅ ) )=[...]
d. Spektrum detour DD((Γ_H (D_2n ) ) ̅ ) dengan H=〈r^2,s〉 untuk n genap dan n≥4 adalah
〖spec〗_DD((Γ_H (D_2n ) ) ̅ ) =[...]
Untuk penelitian selanjutnya diharapkan dapat menemukan teorema terkait spektrum yang diperoleh dari graf yang lainnya atau pada graf subgrup dari grup lainnya.
ENGLISH:
Let G be a subgroup and H is a normal subgroup of G. Subgroup graph Γ_H (G) is a graph with a set of points of all elements in G and two distinct vertices x and y are directly connected if and only if xy∈H. This study determined the spectrum of adjacency, Laplace, signless Laplace and detour of subgroup graph 〈r^2,s〉 and their complement of dihedral group D_2n. The results of this study are as follows:
1. In the subgroup graph, the obtained spectrum is only the adjacency spectrum, the Laplacian spectrum, and the signless Laplacian spectrum. The detour spectrum can not be determined because the graph obtained is an unconnected graph.
a. The adjacency spectrum A(Γ_H (D_2n )) with H=〈r^2,s〉 for even n≥4 is
〖spec〗_A(Γ_H (D_2n )) =[...]
b. The Laplacian spectrum L(Γ_H (D_2n )) with H=〈r^2,s〉 for even n≥4 is
〖spec〗_L(Γ_H (D_2n )) =[...]
c. The signless Laplacian spectrum L^+ (Γ_H (D_2n )) with H=〈r^2,s〉 for even n≥4 is
〖spec〗_(L^+ (Γ_H (D_2n )) )=[...]
2. In the complement subgroup graph, the obtained spectrum is the adjacency spectrum, the Laplacian spectrum, the signless Laplacian spectrum, and the detour spectrum because the graph obtained is a connected graph.
a. The adjacency spektrum A((Γ_H (D_2n ) ) ̅ ) with H=〈r^2,s〉 for even n≥4 is
〖spec〗_A((Γ_H (D_2n ) ) ̅ ) =[...]
b. The Laplacian spectrum L((Γ_H (D_2n ) ) ̅ ) with H=〈r^2,s〉 for even n≥4 is
〖spec〗_L((Γ_H (D_2n ) ) ̅ ) =[...]
c. The signless Laplacian spectrum L^+ ((Γ_H (D_2n ) ) ̅ ) with H=〈r^2,s〉 for even n≥4 is
〖spec〗_(L^+ ((Γ_H (D_2n ) ) ̅ ) )=[...]
d. The detour spectrum DD((Γ_H (D_2n ) ) ̅ ) with H=〈r^2,s〉 for even n≥4 is
〖spec〗_DD((Γ_H (D_2n ) ) ̅ ) =[...]
For the further research the author suggests to determine the theorem related to the spectrum obtained from the other graphs or the spectrum subgroup graph and their complement of the other groups
KETERBELAHAN HASRAT KEBEBASAN MASYARAKAT TURKISTAN DALAM NOVEL LAYALI TURKISTAN
No full textDesire always accompanies the subject throughout his life. Subjects
always identify something outside of themselves to find a complete identity.
From these desires the subject has a need (need), and a desire that becomes
a desire. However, symbolic reality necessitates the existence of a split and
divided subject, because after all desire involves consciousness (ego) which
is disrupted by the desires of others. This reality also occurs in the novel
Layālī Turkistān by Najīb al-Kailānī which describes the free structure of
Turkistan Society as a whole, and then crumbled when China and Russia
came to colonize. The process of subject division in literary texts represents
the author, how the author cannot be separated in the text process. This study
aims to see how the divided freedom of the Turkistan Society occurs in the
novel Layālī Turkistān.This study uses a descriptive qualitative research
method with Lacanian psychoanalysis reading, where the reading is to see
the divided freedom of the Turkistan Society in the novel Layālī Turkistān
and see the desires that shape the subject of the novel character who is also
the subject of the author himself. This research also needs to use the
historical reading of the author's subject as a whole.From the novel Layālī
Turkistān, using the psychoanalytic perspective of Jacques Lacan, the
researcher finds how the subjects in the novel are underprivileged due to the
colonial acts carried out by China and Russia to take advantage of Turkistan.
The resistance of desire that every character in Layālī Turkistān's novel does
is a re-satisfaction of the jouissance that has been captured by others in him.
The action is a choice that they identify continuously to find the 'ideal ego'.
The discourse on the divided desire for freedom of the Turkistan Society in
the novel is also a form of resistance by the author Najīb al-Kailānī to fulfill
his desires. It can be seen how his background and concern for Muslims
around the world are trying to be discriminated against by communist
movements
Hafız İbrahim’in Leyâli Satih Adlı Eserinin Teknik ve Tematik Açıdan Çözümlemesi
No full textMısır başta olmak üzere Arap toplumu 20. yüzyılın ilk iki çeyreğinde modern çağın Batılı sömürgecilik anlayışına karşı çeşitli alanlarda verilen birçok mücadeleye şahit olur. Özellikle askeri, sosyal, siyasi ve kültürel özgürlük alanlarında öne çıkan bu mücadele, edebiyat sahasında da etkili bir şekilde sürdürülür. Nitekim dönemin şair ve yazarları, toplumun temel değerlerindeki aksaklıkları metinlerine yansıtarak birçok eser kaleme alırlar. Bu bağlamda Arap edebiyatında daha çok şair kimliğiyle tanınan ve “Şâ’irü’n-Nîl” ile “Şâ’irü’ş-Şa’b” gibi lakaplarla taltif edilen Hâfız İbrâhîm’in bu çalışmada değerlendirilen nesir türündeki Leyâlî Satîh isimli eseri, 19. yüzyılın sonlarıyla 20. yüzyılın başlarında sömürgeciliğin de etkisiyle Mısır’da oluşan toplumsal değişimin boyutlarını aktarması noktasında şairin eleştiri ve görüşlerinin yanı sıra dönemin sosyolojik ve siyasi atmosferini başarılı bir şekilde yansıtan önemli eserlerden biri kabul edilir. Şairin ordudayken İngilizlerle yaşadığı sorunlara yer vermesiyle otobiyografik bir özellik de kazanan eserin, klasik edebî bir tür olan makâme tarzı ile modern anlatı türlerinden romanın bazı özelliklerini ihtiva ettiği söylenebilir. Bu açıklamalardan hareketle çalışmada, 21. yüzyılın küreselleşen dünyasında ciddi bir tehdit olarak varlığını sürdüren gelenek-modernite çatışması, edebî münakaşalar, basınla gazeteciliğin yozlaşması, eğitim kurumları, kadın hakları, saadet kavramı, ahlakî çöküş, siyasetdin ilişkisi, özgürlük ve mültecilere tanınan imtiyazlar gibi önemli toplumsal gerçeklere temas eden Leyâlî Satîh isimli eser, teknik ve tematik açıdan tahlil edilmiştir.At the beginning of the 20th century as the Arab communities starting with Egypt fought for independence not only militarily but also socially, politically, and culturally against the Western colonialist mentality of the modern era, many poets and writers reflected the weaknesses of society’s fundamental values in their works. Hafez Ibrahim, who was known for his poetry and has been referred to as the Sha’irun-Nil [Poet of the Nile] and Sha’irush-Sha’b [Poet of the People], had an important prose work called Layali Satih [The Nights of Satih], which reflects the dimensions of the social changes that occurred in Egypt at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries. Layali Satih is considered a significant work of the period that addresses the poet’s criticisms and views. This study analyzes both technically and thematically the work Layali Satih, which blends the classical poetic style (maqamah) with the novel-like features of modern storytelling and also has autobiographical elements that reflect the problems the author faced with the British during his time in the army. The work highlights the ongoing struggle between tradition and modernity, which is still considered a serious threat in the globalized world of the 21st century, as well as the corruption of journalism and the press, the education system, women’s rights, the concept of happiness, moral decay, the relationship between politics and religion, freedom, and the privileges given to refugees. The work addresses these social realities and provides a critical perspective toward them.
مقرحة البحث رواية لياىل ألف ليلة لـنجيب حمفوظ: دراسة حتليلية بنيوية توليدية
No full textمستخلص البحث
هذا البحث يبحث رية ليالى ألذليلة لنجيب محفوظ بنظرية البنيوية التكويتية ٠ واخترنا رويةنجي٠بمحغوظلأذه مفكرو أدي٠بفيالثقافة و ١لإجتماءيةمع أنه مشهور فىءالمالغكر الإسلامى، وهذهالروية هي إحدى روياًذهالتىتحكى . على لا-بيلالعموم عن المساوة الإجتماعية، ورنا النظرية البنيونية التوليدية فىتحليلهذهالرواية الرؤية الدنيا ( world view) لدى المؤلذفى تلكالرواية٠ إنالرويةنوعادبىمتميز،تمد صلتوبمايسبقه منالأذوع الأدبيةالأخرى،كماقال ميكائيل باختين أذالرواية هيالذوعالأد٠بى الوحيد ١لذىما زل قيد التشكل، ولذافإهنا بشكل وبعمق و دقة و سرعة تطور الواقع ذغه٠
ويحلل الباحث بذظريةالبذيو ذيةالتكويذية طالبا ١لعذاصرالداخليةو العناصر الخارجية و علاقة بينهما وكذلك رؤيةالعالمءذد الأديب، بطريقة نظرإلى ترجمة الأديب و الأحوال الإجتماعية أينما نتيجة الأدبأىهذهالروية٠
يستندهذا ١لبحثءلى ثلاث سئلةهي:ما العناصر الداخلية، وما العناصر الخارجية، وما العلاقة بين العناصر الداخلية و العناصر الخارجية في رواية ليالي ألذليلة لنجيب محفوظ. وأما العناصر الداخلية فهي إنموضوعهذهالروية الموضوع الحب ولصرإغ الإجتماعى، و١لحبكةتملك ثلاثةأجزءالحبكة،هي،الحادثة، ولمنازعة، ولقمة
وثخصية ريسيتهاهى شهريار، وشهرزد، والشيخ عبد الثك البلخى، وصنعاذالجمالى، ونورلدين، ودنيازد، وعجر، وعلاءالدين، وسندباد، وفاضل.وخلعية المكاذفى مصر. وأما العناصر الخارجية فهي إنالأديبنجي'بمحغوظمعروفبجهدهفىإرفاع عن الصرإع الإجتماعى خاصة ق بلد مصر، وهذا يتصور فى روية ليالى ألف ليلة ، الكاتب يعرضءليذافى قصته الحياة وهي المزج من الخير و الشر ومن الطبب ولخبيث ومن الجمال ولقبح ومن السعادة والشقاء. و أما العلاقة بين العناصر الداخلية ولخارجية في رواية ليالي ألف٠ليلة لنجيب محفوظ فلا يفقد الناس فيهاالأملالذىيضيءما يتكاثف فيهامن ظلام.فالإصلاح ممكن بل محققإن ص,دقالعزم وتمام العمزالجاد لتحقيق.وكان الصزع الإجتماعى بين الأغنياء و الفقرءهو رؤية ١لعالمءذدالأديب من خلال قصة الحب.
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini mencoba untuk membahas novel “layali Alfu lailatin " karya Najib Mahfudz dengan melalui pendekatan strukturalisme genetik. kami memilih novel karya Najib Mahfudz ini karena beliau merupakan seorang sastrawan, pemikir dalam budaya dan sosial, serta pemikiranya juga terkenal dalam dunia islam, novel ini adalah salah satu novel yang secara umum menceritakan kesetaraan sosial, dalam analisis novel ini kami memilih teori strukturalisme genetik untuk mengetahui pandang dunia (World View) penulis novel ini. Sesungguhya novel merupakan genre sastra yang berbeda, memperpanjang kaitannya dengan apa yang didahului dengan genre sastra lainnya. Seperti yang dikatakan oleh Makhail Bahtin sesungguhnya Novel adalah satu-satunya jenis sastra yang masih samar, dan karena kesamaranya itu mencerminkan pokok kedalaman, kecepatan, ketepatan dan berubahnya realitas dirinya.
Peneliti menganalisis dengan teori Strukturalisme Genetik dengan mengambil unsure-unsur intrinsic dan unsure-unsur ekstrinsik dan menggabungkan kedua unsure tersebut. Maka dari itu bisa mengambil pandangan dunia sang penulis, dengan pendekatan pandangan si penulis dan kondisi social yang memberikan sumbangsih dalam novel ini.
Penelitian ini didasarkan pada tiga pertanyaan yaitu: apa unsur-unsur instrinsik, apa unsure- unsur ekstrinsik dan apa hubungan antara unsure-unsur instrinsik dan unsure-unsur ekstrinsik dalam novel “layali alfu Lailatin” karya najib mahfudz. Adapun unsur-unsur instrinsik yaitu Sesungguhya Tema dalam novel ini ada dua yaitu Tema tentang Cinta dan Tema tentang konflik sosial/masyarakat. Alur/Plot dalam novel ini ada tiga yaitu: Peristiwa, Konflik, dan Klimaks. Tokoh pada novel ini yaitu: Shahriyar, Dunyazad, Sanaan Al-Gamali, Fadil, Shahrzad, Syekh Abdullah al-Balkhi, Nur al-Din, Aladdin, Ugr, dan Sindbad. Latar pada novel ini yaitu di Mesir.
Adapun unsur instrinsik yaitu: bahwa penulis Naguib Mahfouz dikenal usahanya di dalam menggambarkan konflik sosial, terutama di negara Mesir, dan ini dibayangkan dalam novel “layali Alfu Lailatin ”, penulis menunjukkan kepada kita dalam kisah hidupnya
ABSTRACT
This study tries to discuss the novel "layali alfu lailatin" by Najib Mahfouz with the genetic structuralism approach. We chose Najib Mahfouz's novels because he is a writer, thinker and social culture, and pemikiranya well-known in the Islamic world, this novel is one novel that tells the general social equality, in this novel analysis we chose to determine the genetic structuralism theory view of the world (world View) author of this novel. Behold, the novel is a different literary genre, extending relation to what preceded with other literary genres. As said by the real Bahtin Makhail Novel is the only kind of literature that is still vague, and because it reflects the principal kesamaranya depth, speed, accuracy and change reality itself.
Researchers analyzed the genetic structuralism theory by taking elements of intrinsic and extrinsic elements and combine the two elements. So it could take a world view of the author, with the author's view of the approach and the social conditions that contribute to this novel.
The study was based on three questions, namely: what elements of intrinsic, extrinsic what elements and what is the relationship between the elements of the intrinsic and extrinsic elements in the novel "layali alfu Lailatin" Mahfudz najib work. The intrinsic elements of the theme in the novel Behold, there are two themes of love and the theme of social conflict / community. Groove / plot in this novel there are three, namely: Events, Conflict, and Climax. Character in this novel are: Shahriyar, Dunyazad, Al-Gamali tion, Fadil, Shahrzad, Sheikh Abdullah al-Balkhi, Nur al-Din, Aladdin, UGR, and Sindbad. Background in this novel is in Mesir.
The intrinsic elements, namely: that the writer Naguib Mahfouz is known in describing his efforts in social conflict, especially in the countries of Egypt, and was envisioned in the novel "layali alfu Lailatin", the author shows us the story of his life is a life
صورة النساء في رواية ليالي تركستان لدكتور نجيب الكيالني: دراسة تحليليَة النسائيَة األدبية على نظرية قاسم أمين
No full textمستخلص البحث
ليايل تركستاهني أحد الرواية لدكتور جنيب الكيالين الذي كتب من بعض تألفته، وتبحث الباحث هذه الرواية لأن فيها مصورة عن حالة المرة ق اجملتمعة الإسلامية التى س لها حق ق حياكا. وأما النفد الأدب النائى، هي الدرسة التى يكز إلي كتابة المرأة ليظاهر صورة المرأة في النصوص الأدب. وتحث الباحث في هذه الرواية عن نظرة النائى الملم وهى عن عدم الماوة الجندر ق اجملتمع الإسلام بب بالتغسثر الدين الذى عكس جندر و عكس فرتيئركال (Patriarki).
وأما الأسئلة في هذا البحث هي ما صورة النساء على الأحوال العائلة في رواية "ليالي تركستان"ل د. نجيب الكيلاني عند نظرية قاسم أمين، ما الوصية عن النائية ق رواية ليالي تكتتان ل د. نجيب الكيلاني. و من أهداف البحثلمعرفة صورة النساء على الأحوال العائلة في رواية "ليالي تركستان"ل د. جنيب الكيلاين عند نظرية قاسم أمين، لمعرفة الوصية عن النائية ق رواية ليالي تكعتان ل د. نجيب الكيلاني.
يستعمل الباحث البحث كيغي باستعمال المنهج الوصغي )DescriptiveMethod( هو بأنه الحث التى تحصل على الييانات الوجفية احملغغة المكتوبة والمعادر الرئيسية هى الروية "ليالي تكستان"لدكتور نجيب الكيلاني. وعملية تحليل البيانات هي تعين الهوية من الشخشية الرئيسية المرأة، و تحليل الشخشية الأخر الذى يتعلق بالشخشية الرئيسية، تحليل موقف المؤلف النصوص الأدب.
وأما نتائج الحث التى حعلته الباحث من هذا الحث هى أن جورة الناء في هذهالرواية يعنى: صورة المرأة صبورة و مطيعة التي لها صفة الباطة في هذه الرواية. أما الوصية عن النائية التى أجابتها المرأة في الزوج،الوصية عن النسائية هو الوصية لما جاء في الإسلام كما الأفكار النسائية قاسم آمين و أخرى كما النسئ المسلم. لأن ال يزال كثريا مسيطرة قوم الرجال على قوم المرأة.
ABSTRAK
"Layali Turkistan” novel Dr Najeeb Al-Kilani, peneliti mencari dalam novel ini karena menggambarkan situasi perempuan di Masyarakat Islam, yang tidak punya hak dalam hidupnya. Sastra perempuan, adalah studi yang berfokus untuk menulis citra perempuan dalam teks-teks sastra. Peneliti melihat dalam novel ini tentang teori feminis Muslim tentang kurangnya kesetaraan gender dalam penyebab interpretasi masyarakat Islam agama yang tidak seperti jenis kelamin dan reverse Fterairkal.
Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah citra perempuan pada keadaan keluarga dalam novel "Malam Turkistan". Najib al-Kilani di teori Qasim Amin, apa perintah bagi perempuan dalam novel "Malam Turkistan" Najib al-Kilani. Dan tujuan Seathelmarafh citra perempuan pada keadaan keluarga dalam novel "Turkistan" untuk d. Najib al-Kilani di teori Qasim Amin, untuk melihat perintah bagi perempuan dalam novel "Malam Turkistan" Najib al-Kilani.
Peneliti menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif (DescriptiveMethod) untuk mencari metadata yang dihasilkan dan sumber-sumber tertulis yang dalam novel "layali Turkistan" Dr Najeeb Al-Kilani. Proses analisis data ditunjuk identitas pribadi perempuan utama, dan pribadi lainnya yang berkaitan dengan analisis utama, analisis posisi teks penulis Sastra.
Hasil pencarian yang membuatnya peneliti dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa citra perempuan dalam novel ini: gambaran seorang perempuan yang sabar dan taat, yang memiliki status kesederhanaan. Perintah untuk wanita terkena perempuan dalam pasangan, perintah adalah perintah bagi perempuan seperti yang dinyatakan dalam Islam dan ide-ide perempuan Qasim Amin dan lainnya sebagai msyarakat Muslim. Karena begitu banyak yang masih dominan laki-laki daripada kaum perempuan.
ABSTRACT
Nights turkistan a novel of Dr. Najeeb Al-Kilani, who wrote some of Tafatth, looking researcher this novel because it illustrated the situation of women in the Islamic Society, which had no right in her life. The Monetary women's literature, is a study that focuses to write women Aazahr image of women in literature texts. The researcher looking in this novel about a Muslim Feminist theory about the lack of gender equality in the society cause interpretation of Islam religion, which unlike gender and reverse Fterairkal.
The questions in this research is the image of women on family circumstances in the novel " Night Turkistan" . Najib al-Kilani at Qasim Amin theory, what commandment for women in the novel "Night Turkistan" Najib al-Kilani. And objectives of Seathelmarafh image of women on family circumstances in the novel "Turkistan" for d. Najib al-Kilani at Qasim Amin theory, to see the commandment for women in the novel "Night Turkistan" Najib al-Kilani.
The researcher used qualitative research using descriptive approach (DescriptiveMethod) is that you get to search the metadata generated and written sources are the main novel "Night Turkistan" Dr. Najeeb Al-Kilani. The process of data analysis are appointed personal identity of the main women, and other personal which relates to the main analysis, analysis of the position of the author texts Literature.
The search results that get him researcher of this research is that the image of women in means: image of a woman patient and obedient, which have the status of simplicity in this novel. The commandment for women hit by women in the pair, the commandment is a commandment for women as stated in Islam and women's ideas Qasim Amin and the other as a Muslim Alenci. Because so much is still dominant men folk to folk women
