1,721,317 research outputs found
Elisabeth Sadoulet et Alain de Janvry, Quantitative Development Policy Analysis Baltimore, Londres, John Hopkins, 1995
No full textLambert Sylvie. Elisabeth Sadoulet et Alain de Janvry, Quantitative Development Policy Analysis Baltimore, Londres, John Hopkins, 1995. In: Cahiers d'Economie et sociologie rurales, N°38, 1er trimestre 1996. pp. 115-117
Attitudes toward risk among peasants: an econometric approach
No full textare derived from survey data in a model of safety-first behavior. The measurements of behavior toward risk obtained are then explained by a set of socioeconomic and structural variables that characterize peasant households. Knowledge of the determinants of attitudes toward risk is, in tum, useful for the purpose of tailoring technological recommendations to particular categories of peasants. Key words: Mexico, peasants, risk aversion, technological change. A number of recent studies have evidenced the importance of risk on decision making by peasants (Dillon and Anderson, Wolgin, Wiens) and farmers (Lin, Dean, and Moore; Boussard and Petit). Attitudes toward risk are major determinants of the rate of diffusion of new technologies among peasants and of the outcome of rural development programs. If they are going to be effective, new tech-nologies and rural development programs need to be tailored to the attitudes toward risk of particular categories of peasants. For this purpose, it is important to identify the specific determinants of behavior toward risk and to quantify their impact on decision making. This paper starts by examining the extent to which risk may be responsible for discrepan-cies between peasants ' demand for fertilizer without risk and actual demand under risky conditions. For this purpose, risk is intro-duced in a model of economic decision making as a safety-first rule. According to this rule, an important motivating force of the decision maker in managing the productive resources that he controls and, in particular, in choosing among technological options is the security of generating returns large enough to cover sub-sistence needs. As recent empirical studies of peasant behavior indicate, safety-first criteria Edgardo Moscardi is an economist with the International Center for Wheat and Corn, Mexico, and Alain de Janvry is an associat
Individual Farmers and Land Renting in Hungary
Get PDFThis paper uses data from a survey of more than 1,400 farming households in Hungary to identify a set of profiles of farming households, which are active in the rental market and to estimate econometrically the impact of household characteristics, such as social, physical, and human capital, as well as regional and environmental characteristics on land rental activities. We show that the decision of farming households to lease in land is related to their land endowment, their access to capital assets, human capital variables such as age and education and their social capital. Environmental factors are also important.Land Economics/Use,
Is a Friend in Need a Friend Indeed? Inclusion and Exclusion in Mutual Insurance Networks in Southern Ghana
Get PDFMutual insurance has been shown, theoretically and empirically, to be incomplete and limited by asymmetric information and lack of enforcement mechanisms. While some research has shown that networks based on kinship, neighborhood and ethnicity may provide a locus of insurance and thus a way of overcoming these problems, these studies are not fine enough to predict the inclusion and exclusion of individuals. Using data from rural Ghana, we examine the role of social relations in obtaining assistance in the face of shocks. We examine this at both the intra-household and community levels. At the household level, asking for and receiving assistance from the spouse is related to gender, the quality of the marital relationship, and the wealth of household members. At the community level, asking for and receiving help are correlated with membership in a major lineage, participation in secular organizations, the individual's fostering history, and anticipated land inheritance. We also show that these factors differ depending on whether the shortfall was for a household or personal item (as perceived by the respondent). This work helps us to identify individuals who are more likely to fall outside of mutual insurance networks and require interventions to help them cope with risk.Risk, social setworks, sutual insurance, intrahousehold allocation.
Banking Competition, Good or Bad?: The Case of Promoting Micro and Small Enterprise Finance in Kazakhstan
Get PDFCompetition is claimed to be beneficial in development projects promoting micro and small enterprise finance although there are still some doubts whether these loans can be developed into a profitable business. Actually nothing is known about how many MSE banking units optimally should be created and supported in a certain region. Our research aims at shedding new light on this important issue in development finance. We employ a unique dataset from the Small Business Department of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development for Kazakhstan, and investigate which strategy contributes more to the overall program's success: a strategy of building up several competing banking units targeted at MSE lending or a strategy of establishing regional monopolies.Development finance; Micro loans; Competition; Financial institution building
Stephan Haggard, Jean-Dominique Lafay et Christian Morrisson, La faisabilité politique de l'ajustement dans les pays en développement Robert Donner et Stephan Haggard, La faisabilité politique de l'ajustement aux Philippines Alain de Janvry, Alison Graham, Elisabeth Sadoulet, Ramon Espinel, Walter Spurrier, Hans-Peter Nissen et Frederico Welsch, La faisabilité politique de l'ajustement en Équateur et au Venezuela Jean-Paul Azam et Christian Morrisson, La faisabilité politique de l'ajustement en Côte-d'Ivoire et au Maroc
No full textGrellet Gérard. Stephan Haggard, Jean-Dominique Lafay et Christian Morrisson, La faisabilité politique de l'ajustement dans les pays en développement Robert Donner et Stephan Haggard, La faisabilité politique de l'ajustement aux Philippines Alain de Janvry, Alison Graham, Elisabeth Sadoulet, Ramon Espinel, Walter Spurrier, Hans-Peter Nissen et Frederico Welsch, La faisabilité politique de l'ajustement en Équateur et au Venezuela Jean-Paul Azam et Christian Morrisson, La faisabilité politique de l'ajustement en Côte-d'Ivoire et au Maroc. In: Tiers-Monde, tome 37, n°148, 1996. Relations de travail et mondialisation. pp. 977-979
Effects of Ill Health and Weather Variability on Savings
Get PDFThis paper examines the effects of households’ shocks on saving behaviour. It investigates the possibility that households save ex ante to buffer against adverse weather and health shocks. The relatively high prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS in Kenya combined with rain fed agriculture implies great uncertainty for rural livelihoods. Adopting a methodology previously used on cross-sectional data (Paxson, 1992), the paper examines the level of households precautionary behaviour. This is done by estimating the marginal propensity to save out of transitory income over a period of 18 months. The results show that while households may exhibit some level of prudence, the marginal propensity to save out of transitory income is about a third of what the permanent income hypothesis postulates. Seasonality influences prudence behaviour, with stressful seasons likely to depress substantially the level of precautionary saving. The presence of HIV/AIDS illness lowers savings and raises per capita consumption. While reduced savings may seem to jeopardize future investments, the rise in consumption when the human asset is threatened, is in accordance with behaviour of forward-looking agents when future income is endogenous to current asset shock. The desire to smooth the health (asset) stock outweighs the desire (ability) to smooth future consumption and therefore savings decline. As a consequence, consumption for the HIV-afflicted households is relatively more volatile. While these findings are in agreement with a buffer stock model, they go against previous predictions that, AIDS medical costs will be met by reducing both consumption and savings in a balanced manner, and not necessarily be drawn disproportionately from own savings. A rise in consumption and a drop in savings may be a signal that the relationship is likely to be disproportionate.Household, Shocks, Savings, HIV/AIDS, Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Demand and Price Analysis, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty, International Relations/Trade, Marketing, Productivity Analysis, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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