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Description and phylogenetic position of a new species of Nematanthus (Gesneriaceae) from Bahia, Brazil
No full textAlain Chautems, Mathieu Perret (2017): Description and phylogenetic position of a new species of Nematanthus (Gesneriaceae) from Bahia, Brazil. Candollea 72 (2): 351-359, DOI: 10.15553/c2017v722a1
Fig. 2. – Nematanthus exsertus Chautems. A in Description and phylogenetic position of a new species of Nematanthus (Gesneriaceae) from Bahia, Brazil
No full textFig. 2. – Nematanthus exsertus Chautems. A. Habit with pendent pedicels in native habitat; B. Flowering shoots; C. Close-up of shoot showing stem and petiole indumentum; D. Close-up of corolla showing exserted stamens and style. [Jardim et al. 5000]Published as part of Alain Chautems & Mathieu Perret, 2017, Description and phylogenetic position of a new species of Nematanthus (Gesneriaceae) from Bahia, Brazil, pp. 351-359 in Candollea 72 (2) on page 354, DOI: 10.15553/c2017v722a13, http://zenodo.org/record/103912
A new species of Besleria (Gesneriaceae) from the western Amazon rainforest
No full textGabriel Emiliano Ferreira, Andréa Onofre De Araújo, Michael John Gilbert Hopkins, Alain Chautems (2017): A new species of Besleria (Gesneriaceae) from the western Amazon rainforest. Brittonia 69 (2): 241-245, DOI: 10.1007/s12228-017-9464-
Besleria iara Gabriel Emiliano Ferreira & Andréa Onofre De Araújo & Michael John Gilbert Hopkins & Alain Chautems 2017, sp. nov.
No full textBesleria iara G. E. Ferreira & M. J. G. Hopkins, sp. nov. Type: Brazil. Amazonas: Benjamin Constant, sítio Prof. Agno Nonato, trilha prox. ao açude, 8 February 2016, G. E. Ferreira 355 (holotype: INPA; isotype: G). (Figs. 1, 2) Besleria iara is similar to B. aggregata s.l. in its axillary inflorescences, and flowers with orange imbricate calyx lobes. It differs by having a long tubular-ventricose yellow corolla (vs. ventricose-urceolate orange to scarlet), and larger leaf blades, 18– 30 × 7.3–11.4 cm, with serrate margins (vs. 15–19 × 5.5–6.4 cm, with entire margins). Terrestrial shrub, 1.5 m tall. Stems unbranched, subterete, up to 0.5 cm diam., woody at base, densely hirsute, internodes 3.0–11.0 cm. Leaves opposite, pairs subequal; petioles 1–4 cm long, green, densely hirsute; leaf blades oblanceolate, 18–30 × 7.3–11.4 cm, chartaceous, apex attenuate, base long-attenuate, margin sparsely serrate; adaxial surface dark green, hirsute; abaxial surface pale green, puberulous; secondary veins in 7–1 1 pairs. Inflorescence axillary, cymose, epedunculate, with 3–7 flowers per node; pedicels terete, 1.2–2.3 cm long, orangish, hirsute. Calyx lobes 5, fused at base and imbricate for 3/4 of length, adherent to corolla base, essentially equal, ovate, 12–14 × 3–5 mm, orange, hirsute, apex obtuse, margin entire-ciliate. Corolla erect with respect to calyx, 18–27 mm long, tubular, slightly ventricose, yellow, outside puberulous, inside glabrous, tube contracted at base, 5 mm wide at base, 7 mm wide at middle, 5 mm wide at apex; limb regular, lobes 5, patent, yellow, unequal, the 2 larger ones 4 × 4 mm, the 3 smaller ones 2 × 3 mm, obtuse, margin entire, ciliate, pilose. Nectary annular, 1 mm wide, glabrous. Stamens 4, includ- ed; filaments 8–10 mm long, epipetal, adnate to base of corolla for 4 mm, glabrous but pilose at insertion; anthers 2 × 2 mm, longitudinally dehiscent; staminode 2 mm long. Ovary ovoid, 2–4 × 2–4 mm, pilose; style included within corolla throat, 9 mm long, pilose; stigma bifid, puberulent. Fruit not seen. Brittonia 69 (2): 241–245 (2017), DOI 10.1007/s12228-017-9464-6 ISSN: 0007-196X (print) ISSN: 1938-436X (electronic) © 2017, by The New York Botanical Garden Press, Bronx, NY 10458-5126 U.S.A. Published Online: 15 February 2017 Habitat and distribution.— Besleria iara is currently known only from the Javari River, in the municipalities of Atalaia do Norte and Benjamin Constant, Amazonas, Brazil, and from Loreto department, Peru (Fig. 3). It occurs in the understory of lowland Amazonian rainforests on terra firme, along the margins of small streams, at about 50 m elevation. We observed few individuals at the type locality. The larger area of distribution is poorly known from a floristic context. It is expected that additional fieldwork in the region will result in the discovery of additional populations. Phenology.— Flowers recorded from October to February. Etymology.— The specific epithet B iara ^ is a reference to the Brazilian indigenous legend of the water spirit yîara, meaning BLady of the waters^ in the Tupí-Guaraní language. Yîara is generally envisaged as a beautiful young lady, similar to a mermaid (Chiaradia, 2008). Conservation status.— Endangered (EN) B1ab, according to the IUCN criteria, based on the extent of occurrence estimated to be less than 5,000 km 2 from only 4–5 locations and due to continued habitat loss (IUCN, 2012; IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee, 2016). Additional specimens examined. BRAZIL. Amazonas: Município Atalaia do Norte, localidade de São Joaquim, Rio Javari, fronteira entre Brasil e Peru, 18 Jan 1989, C. A.C. Ferreira et al. 993 3 (CEN, INPA, NY, US); Município Atalaia do Norte, Estirão do Equador, Rio Javari, 20 Oct 1976, P. I. S. Braga & J. R. Nascimento 3273 (INPA). PERU. Loreto: Rio Javari, 2 hours above Rio Javarizinho, 24 Oct 1976, G. T. Prance et al. 24081 (INPA, MG). Besleria iara and B. aggregata (Mart.) Hanst. are sympatric and share the same habitat and vegetative characters. Both species occur in the understory of humid forest, close to streams, and are shrubs completely covered by indumentum. However, B. iara has a yellow, tubular-ventricose corolla, ovate calyx lobes with the obtuse apices adherent to the corolla base, wider leaf blades (7.3–11.4 cm wide) with sparsely serrate margins, and densely hirsute indumentum on the stems, whereas B. aggregata has an orange to scarlet, ventricose-urceolate corolla, lanceolate calyx lobes with the attenuate apices spreading from the corolla, narrower leaf blades (5.5–6.4 cm wide) with entire margins, and sericeous indumentum on the stems (Table 1). Besleria iara is also morphologically similar to B. obtusa C. V. Morton, known only from the type collection (J. Cuatrecasas 4636, Colombia, Meta, 1939). Both species have oblanceolate leaves and a yellow corolla, but B. iara can be distinguished from B. obtusa by having a longer petiole (1.0– 4.0 cm long vs. <1 cm long), hirsute leaf blades (vs. glabrous with tomentose-hirsute midrib), sparsely serrate margins (vs. entire-ciliate), longer pedicels (1.2–2.3 cm long vs. 0.5 cm long), ovate calyx lobes with the obtuse apices adherent to the corolla (vs. calyx lobes linear-lanceolate with the long-acuminate apices spreading).Published as part of Gabriel Emiliano Ferreira, Andréa Onofre De Araújo, Michael John Gilbert Hopkins & Alain Chautems, 2017, A new species of Besleria (Gesneriaceae) from the western Amazon rainforest, pp. 241-245 in Brittonia 69 (2) on pages 241-245, DOI: 10.1007/s12228-017-9464-6, http://zenodo.org/record/92447
FIG. 1. Besleria iara. A. Habit. B. Open Corolla showing stamens and staminode. C. Gynoecium and Nectary. D in A new species of Besleria (Gesneriaceae) from the western Amazon rainforest
No full textFIG. 1. Besleria iara. A. Habit. B. Open Corolla showing stamens and staminode. C. Gynoecium and Nectary. D. Close up of the inflorescence and stem. E. Calyx and Corolla in side view. (A–E from G.E. Ferreira 355).Published as part of Gabriel Emiliano Ferreira, Andréa Onofre De Araújo, Michael John Gilbert Hopkins & Alain Chautems, 2017, A new species of Besleria (Gesneriaceae) from the western Amazon rainforest, pp. 241-245 in Brittonia 69 (2) on page 242, DOI: 10.1007/s12228-017-9464-6, http://zenodo.org/record/92447
Nematanthus exsertus Chautems 2017, spec. nova
No full textNematanthus exsertus Chautems, spec. nova (Fig. 2). Typus: BRAZIL . Bahia: Município de Wenceslau Guimarães, Estação Ecológica Estadual Nova Esperança, trilha para o Rio Agua Vermelha, 415-450 m, 13°35’43’’S 39°43’10’’W, 3.V.2007, Jardim et al. 5000 (holo-: CEPEC- 117040!; iso-: NY!). Nematanthus exsertus Chautems resembles N. corticola Schrad. with similar elongate pedicels, short and narrow calyx lobes and funnel-shaped, laterally compressed red corollas, but differs by a villous indumentum on stem and petioles, as well as shorter and more ventricose corollas and presence of exserted stamens and style. Subshrub 0.5-1.2 m, epiphytic; stem ascending, sparingly branched, 3-6 mm diam., villose, especially in young parts; internodes 1.5-5 cm. Leaves strongly anisophyllous; petioles 0.5-4 cm, dark vinaceous, pubescent-hirsute; blades 2.5-5 3 0.8-2 cm (smaller ones) to 6–14 3 1.8-3 cm (larger ones), elliptic, adaxially green, pubescent, abaxially paler green, glabrescent, apex acute to acuminate, base cuneate, margin entire, 3-6 lateral veins each side of the midrib, vinaceous, pubescent. Flowers solitary, 1-3 per stem, pendent-resupinate, in leaf axils, bracts minute or early caducous; pedicels 10-18 cm long, vinaceous, pubescent. Calyx fused for 3-4 mm at base, sepals 7-8 3 2-3 mm, linear lanceolate, pubescent, vinaceous, apex acute, greenish, margin entire or remotely toothed. Corolla 3-3.5 cm long, scarlet-red, obliquely inserted in calyx, funnel-shaped, laterally compressed on ventral side before mouth, pubescent, base shortly cylindric, 4-5 mm diam., gradually enlarged to 2-2.2 cm at the opening, lobes revolute at anthesis; stamens and style exserted for about 2.5-2.8 cm beyond the corolla opening, filaments 4.5-5 cm, not coiling at the end of anthesis, white, glabrous, pollen cream; nectary gland bilobed, 3-4 3 2-3 mm, cream, ovary 4-6 mm long, vinaceous, pubescent, style 4.8-5.2 mm, white, glabrous. Fruit unknown. Etymology. – The epithet “ exsertus ” refers to the exserted stamens and style that extend beyond the corolla opening for at least 2.5 cm. Distribution, ecology and phenology. – Nematanthus exsertus is currently known by two collections made in the “Estação Ecológica Estadual Nova Esperança” in the municipality of Wenceslau Guimarães in the state of Bahia (Fig. 3). The individuals were observed growing epiphytically on small trees at 1-2 m above the ground in the understory of a fragment of wet and dense forest on flat grounds. Specimens were collected with flowers in January and May. According to flower morphology, the species is likely pollinated by hummingbirds. Pollination by hermit hummingbirds has been documented for the related species N. crassifolia and N. brasiliensis presenting similar pendent and resupinate flowers with laterally compressed corolla (SANMARTIN-GAJARDO & VIANNA, 2010; WOLOwSKI et al., 2013). Conservation status. – Nematanthus exsertus is known only from a single location of a dozen individuals in an area of preservation created in 1997 and extended in 2,000, covering 2,418 ha. of Atlantic Rain Forest (“Estação Ecológica Estadual Nova Esperança”). This area is nevertheless subject to local preservation conflicts, like deforestation, illegal hunting and illegal occupation [http://www.inema.ba.gov.br/gestao-2/ unidades-de-conservacao/estacao-ecologica/estacao-ecologicade-wenceslau-guimaraes]. Therefore, with a restricted AOO, plausible threats that could rapidly push the species to “Critically Endangered”, N. exsertus is assigned a preliminary assessment of “Vulnerable” [VU D2] using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN, 2012). Notes. – Our first thought, at the time of discovering this species, was that we had found an individual of Nematanthus corticola with ill-formed stamens and style, because this taxon occurs frequently in the southern Bahian rain forest (Fig. 3). After having observed few individuals, each bearing several flowers, it was readily apparent that we had discovered a new species. The striking exserted position of stamens and style are a unique feature in the genus Nematanthus. Nematanthus exsertus resembles N. corticola with similar pedicel, calyx lobes, corollas, but differs by a villous indumentum on stem and petioles, as well as shorter and more ventricose corollas with strikingly exserted stamens and style (see Table 1). The total number of known species for the genus Nematanthus is now 32. The new species should be added to the recent checklist that established a high endemism rate of epiphytic plants within the eastern Brazilian Atlantic rain forest (FREITAS et al., 2016). It is also an addition to the number of Gesneriaceae species that have been registered so far for the state of Bahia, the total number of registered species reaches now 29 (CHAUTEMS, 1991; ARAUJO et al., 2017). Paratypus. – BRAZIL . Bahia: Município de Wenceslau Guimarães, Reserva Estadual de Wenceslau Guimarães, Trilha da Petioba, 13°34’49’’S 39°42’17’’W, 411 m, 19.01.2012, Monteiro et al. 545 (RB-536512).Published as part of Alain Chautems & Mathieu Perret, 2017, Description and phylogenetic position of a new species of Nematanthus (Gesneriaceae) from Bahia, Brazil, pp. 351-359 in Candollea 72 (2) on pages 355-356, DOI: 10.15553/c2017v722a13, http://zenodo.org/record/103912
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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