1,720,957 research outputs found
Imaging mass spectrometry application in colorectal cancer liver metastasis pathological evaluation
No full textColorectal Cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer mortality in North America. Death from CRC is largely due to metastatic disease and the liver is the most common site of distant metastasis. Surgery when feasible carries the only chance of cure for Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis (CRCLM) patients. Post surgical resection further patient management and choice of adjuvant chemotherapy relies on pathological assessment of tumor grade. Multiple histopathologic assessment methods have been developed with variable correlation with patients' outcome. Until recently the Tumor Regression Grade (TRG) had the strongest correlation with patients' outcome. It scores lesions according to the ratio of fibrosis against the sum of viable tumor and necrosis. However with the widespread use of anti-angiogenic agents that causes necrosis as a form of response in the preoperative setting the modified Tumor Regression Grade (mTRG) evolved. It differentiates between two types of necrosis with different prognostic roles, Usual Necrosis (UN) and Infarct-Like Necrosis (ILN). Nonetheless pathological evaluation remains limited by its subjective nature. Our works describes the use of Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption and Ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) to generate lipid signatures for different topographies. To do so we initially applied a semi-supervised histology driven approach to build our spectral library using an automated clustering method (k-means) and direct visual histological correlations (5-stain panel) on a training set (n=12). We identified six histologically correlated lipid signatures and further mined them for discriminate lipid markers. We used partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) to implement our spectral library on an independent validation cohort (n=40). Additionally, by dissecting out the lipid signatures we have identified single lipid moieties that are unique to UN and ILN that could potentially be used as new biomarkers for assessing response to therapy. Using these signatures and lipid markers we obtained a histologically quantitative and objective mTRG score.Le cancer colorectal (CCR) est la deuxième cause la plus importante de mortalité dérivée du cancer en Amérique du Nord. La mort causée par le CCR peut être attribuée à la métastase du cancer. Le site le plus fréquent de métastase éloignée de l'origine du CCR est le foie. Si cela est possible, la chirurgie donne la seule occasion de traitement pour les patients avec des métastases hépatiques du cancer colorectal (MHCCR). Les soins administrés après résection ainsi que le choix de chimiothérapie adjuvante dépendent de l'évaluation pathologique du grade de la tumeur. Plusieurs méthodes d'évaluation histopathologique ont été dévelopées, mais leurs corrélations avec les résultats des patients sont variables. Jusqu'à date, le « Tumor Regression Grade » (TRG) avait la plus forte corrélation avec les résultats des patients. Celui-ci marque les lésions selon la proportion de fibrose sur la somme de tumeurs viables et de nécrose. Pourtant, l'usage répandu d'agents anti-angiogéniques qui causent la nécrose lors de la période préopératoire a poussé le TRG à évoluer en TRG modifié (mTRG). Le mTRG différencie entre deux types de nécrose qui ont des rôles prognostiques différents : la Nécrose Commune (NC) et la Necrose qui ressemble à une infarctus (ILN). De plus, les évaluations pathologiques restent quand-même limitées par leur nature subjective. Le projet présenté dans ce mémoire décrit l'utilisation de l'imagerie de spectroscopie de masse (ISM) par Désorption/Ionisation Laser assistée par Matrice (MALDI) afin de définir les signatures lipidiques signatures pour des topographies différentes. Nous avons initialement appliqué une approche histologique semi-supervisée afin de construire notre banque spectrale par une méthode automatique de classification (k-means) et des corrélations histologiques visuelles directes (panneau de 5 couleurs) sur une série d'échantillons préparatoire (n=12). Nous avons identifié six signatures lipidiques qui sont mises en corrélation par histologie et puis, nous les avons exploitées afin de découvrir des marqueurs lipidiques discriminants. Nous avons utilisé la méthode d'analyse « Partial Least Squares-Discriminant » (PLS-DA) afin de mettre en place notre banque spectrale sur une cohorte de validation indépendante de 40 patients. De plus, en analysant les signatures lipidiques, nous avons identifié des fractions lipidiques uniques distinguant les NC et les ILN, qui peuvent potentiellement être utilisées comme biomarqueurs pour évaluer la réaction au traitement. En utilisant ces signatures et marqueurs lipidiques, nous avons obtenu un score de mTRG quantifié par histologie et objectif
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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