1,720,961 research outputs found
Neural correlates of eating behaviour in obesity and after obesity surgery
Get PDFBackground: Obesity is a serious, worldwide health concern. The urgent need to find an effective, safe and long-term treatment for this multifaceted chronic disease, requires a full and comprehensive understanding of its pathology. Indeed, eating behaviour is essential in understanding obesity development and consequently; is a key in optimising treatment. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been recently utilized to understand the neural correlates of eating behaviour in obesity, specifically the reward system within the brain. Objectives: This thesis aimed to investigate the neural correlates of eating behaviour in obesity by examining the effect of: (i) obesity surgery, (ii) body mass index (BMI), and (iii) insulin resistance on food cue reactivity and other eating behaviour measures. Methods: Neural correlates of eating behaviour were examined by performing: (i) a comprehensive systemic review of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies after Roux-en Y gastric bypass (RYGB), vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) and adjusted gastric band (AGB) surgeries; (ii) secondary analysis of three datasets to examine BMI and insulin resistance value as markers of food cue reactivity in three cohorts predominately consisting patients with obesity. Results: Findings from fMRI studies systematic review suggested the following: (i) after obesity surgery, specifically RYGB surgery, high-energy food cue reactivity sometimes decreased or else did not change in striatal, limbic and insula, regions implicated in reward processing. (ii) Although little evidence is available from VSG and AGB surgeries suggesting changes in food cue reactivity in brain regions involved in reward processing, a potential effect of VSG surgery on food cue reactivity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. (iii) Some consistent evidence for a potential role for satiety gut hormones glucagon-like-peptide 1 (GLP-1) and peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) in reduced food cue reactivity after RYGB surgery. Findings from secondary analysis of three datasets examining the effect of BMI on food cue reactivity revealed that contrary to expectations, no difference between groups in food cue 8 reactivity to high-energy food pictures in all cohorts. However, in participants with severe obesity compared to participant with non-severe obesity, lower food cue reactivity to low- energy food pictures in one cohort. Findings from secondary analysis of three datasets examining the effect of insulin resistance on food cue reactivity revealed that in participants with higher insulin resistance compared to participants with lower insulin resistance, higher food cue reactivity to high-energy vs. low- energy food pictures. However, these findings were only seen in one cohort and were not reproducible in the other two cohorts. Conclusion: In fMRI studies after obesity surgery, large methodological variation across studies, often with small numbers, with variable results of changes in food cue reactivity after obesity surgery, limits conclusions. Obesity surgeries, specifically RYGB and VSG, alter food cue reactivity in regions involved in reward processing and cognitive control. Heterogeneity in participants across the three cohorts limited findings replicability; however, findings suggest BMI as a potential marker for altered brain responses in regions implicated in reward processing in obesity. Moreover, altered food cue reactivity in obesity is not consistently seen as heightened reactivity for high energy food, it might be manifested as lower reactivity to low energy food. Finally, limited evidence for insulin resistance as a marker for food cue reactivity and other eating behaviour measures in obesity.Open Acces
The role of vitamin d and calcium supplementation in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Get PDFMounting evidence suggests a crucial role for vitamin D in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Our objectives were to examine the correlation between serum calcidiol and diabetes outcomes, and determine whether vitamin 03 and calcium supplementation would attenuate the severity of T2DM. Eleven non-white, post-menopausal women with T2DM (age, 61 ± 11 y) were supplemented for 3 y with either placebo or 1800 IU 03 + 720 mg calcium (CaD)/day. The relative change over 3 y in serum calcidiol significantly inversely correlated with the relative change in body weight, BMI, body fat (%), hip circumference, serum TC/HDL-C and serum PTH, whereas it positively correlated with serum calcium. Retrospective analysis showed differences between the CaD vs. placebo in hip circumference, serum calcidiol, serum PTH and systolic blood pressure. We conclude that modest improvements in vitamin D status may mitigate the decrement in T2DM-related sequelae in non-white, post-menopausal women
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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